CN111528384A - Preparation method and application of preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111528384A CN111528384A CN202010466218.1A CN202010466218A CN111528384A CN 111528384 A CN111528384 A CN 111528384A CN 202010466218 A CN202010466218 A CN 202010466218A CN 111528384 A CN111528384 A CN 111528384A
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- Prior art keywords
- preparation
- grinding
- raw materials
- solvent
- fresh medicinal
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials, belonging to the technical field of processing of plant source raw materials. The invention adopts fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials, grinding and centrifuging the raw materials in water or ethanol water solution to prepare extracting solution, and sequentially carrying out vacuum reduced pressure concentration, wet granulation or spray drying on the extracting solution to prepare the preparation which can be instantly brewed and drunk. The preparation method can be completed within 3h, while the traditional preparation method needs cutting, heating, refluxing, cooling and the like, and the extraction process generally needs more than ten hours; compared with the traditional preparation method, the preparation method has more efficient extraction process. In addition, compared with the dry product, the fresh medicinal and edible plant raw materials have the advantages of no damage and high content of effective components caused by oxidation, enzymolysis, degradation and the like, low cost, good quality and no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant source raw material processing, in particular to a preparation method and application of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials.
Background
At present, the plant raw materials used as both medicine and food are collected, dried and prepared into decoction pieces or other dry products, and then further processed, for example, the plant raw materials are crushed and extracted according to the requirements to prepare preparations with different dosage forms; however, the traditional preparation method needs cutting, heating, refluxing, cooling and the like, the extraction process generally needs more than ten hours to complete, and the preparation time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) soaking a fresh medicinal and edible plant in a solvent for 1-2 hours to obtain a first mixed feed liquid, grinding the first mixed feed liquid to obtain a first grinding liquid, centrifuging the first grinding liquid, and collecting a first supernatant and a precipitate;
2) mixing the precipitate and a solvent to obtain a second mixed feed liquid, grinding the second mixed feed liquid to obtain a second grinding liquid, centrifuging the second grinding liquid, and collecting a second supernatant;
3) mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating the extracting solution under vacuum and reduced pressure until the relative density is 0.75-0.85 mg/mL to obtain a concentrated solution;
4) mixing the concentrated solution with an excipient and a flavoring agent to obtain a mixture, and performing wet granulation, drying, spray drying or freeze drying on the mixture to obtain a preparation;
the solvent in the step 1) and the step 2) respectively comprises water or ethanol water solution; the volume percentage content of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 40-70 percent;
the grinding times in the step 1) and the step 2) are respectively 2-3 times, each time is 3-5 min, and the interval time between two adjacent grinding times is 3-5 min;
the centrifugation time in the step 1) and the step 2) is 3-5 min respectively.
Preferably, the fresh medicinal and edible plants comprise ginseng, purslane or hawthorn; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is ginseng or hawthorn, the solvent in the steps 1) and 2) is ethanol water; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is purslane, the solvent in the steps 1) and 2) is water.
Preferably, the volume percentage content of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 50-60%.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the mass of the fresh medicinal and edible plants in the step 1) to the solvent is (0.5-1.5) kg: (1-2) L.
Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the precipitate to the volume of the solvent in step 2) is (0.8-1.2) kg: (0.5-0.8) L.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the grinding in the step 1) and the step 2) is 1500-3500 rpm respectively.
Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum reduced pressure concentration in the step 3) is 65-70 ℃.
Preferably, the excipient in the step 4) is selected from one or more of cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and mannitol; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the excipient is (10-20): 1.
preferably, the flavoring agent in the step 4) is selected from one or more of sucrose, xylitol, essence and non-dairy creamer; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the flavoring agent is (10-20): 1.
the invention provides application of a preparation prepared by the preparation method in the scheme in preparation of a beverage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a preparation method of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials, the preparation is prepared by taking the fresh medicinal and edible plants as the raw materials, grinding and centrifuging the raw materials in water or ethanol water solution to prepare extracting solution, and sequentially carrying out vacuum reduced pressure concentration, wet granulation and spray drying on the extracting solution to prepare the preparation which can be instantly brewed and drunk, and the preparation is easily dissolved in hot water. The preparation method can be completed within 3h, while the traditional preparation method needs cutting, heating, refluxing, cooling and the like, and the extraction process generally needs more than ten hours; compared with the traditional preparation method, the preparation method has more efficient extraction process. In addition, compared with the dry product, the fresh medicinal and edible plant raw materials have the advantages of no damage and high content of effective components caused by oxidation, enzymolysis, degradation and the like, low cost, good quality and no pollution. The invention grinds and centrifuges in water or ethanol water solution to prepare extracting solution, and carries out vacuum decompression concentration, wet granulation and spray drying on the extracting solution in sequence, and high temperature treatment does not exist in the preparation process, thus avoiding the damage of high temperature to effective components, and simultaneously increasing the dissolving capacity of products and obviously reducing the processing time and the processing cost. The preparation prepared by the invention can be prepared into different beverages according to requirements, so that the application value of fresh medicinal and edible plants is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a characteristic spectrum of a sample prepared from fresh ginseng; peak 1: ginsenoside Rg1, peak 2: ginsenoside Re, peak 3: ginsenoside Rf, peak 4: ginsenoside Rb1, peak 5: ginsenoside Rc, peak 6: ginsenoside Rb2, peak 7: ginsenoside Rb3, peak 8: ginsenoside Rd;
FIG. 2 is a characteristic map of a sample prepared from dried ginseng; peak 1: ginsenoside Rg1, peak 2: ginsenoside Re, peak 3: ginsenoside Rf, peak 4: ginsenoside Rb1, peak 5: ginsenoside Rc, peak 6: ginsenoside Rb2, peak 7: ginsenoside Rb3, peak 8: ginsenoside Rd.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) soaking a fresh medicinal and edible plant in a solvent for 1-2 hours to obtain a first mixed feed liquid, grinding the first mixed feed liquid to obtain a first grinding liquid, centrifuging the first grinding liquid, and collecting a first supernatant and a precipitate;
2) mixing the precipitate and a solvent to obtain a second mixed feed liquid, grinding the second mixed feed liquid to obtain a second grinding liquid, centrifuging the second grinding liquid, and collecting a second supernatant;
3) mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating the extracting solution under vacuum and reduced pressure until the relative density is 0.75-0.85 mg/mL to obtain a concentrated solution;
4) mixing the concentrated solution with an excipient and a flavoring agent to obtain a mixture, and performing wet granulation, drying, spray drying or freeze drying on the mixture to obtain a preparation;
the solvent in the step 1) and the step 2) respectively comprises water or ethanol water solution; the volume percentage content of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 40-70 percent;
the grinding times in the step 1) and the step 2) are respectively 2-3 times, each time is 3-5 min, and the interval time between two adjacent grinding times is 3-5 min;
the centrifugation time in the step 1) and the step 2) is 3-5 min respectively.
Before the fresh (not dried after harvesting) medicinal and edible plants are soaked in the solvent, the method preferably also comprises the step of cleaning the fresh medicinal and edible plants; in the specific implementation process of the invention, fresh medicinal and edible plants are soaked and washed by clear water; the ratio of the volume of the clear water to the mass of the fresh medicinal and edible plants is preferably 2-4L: 0.5-1.5 kg, more preferably 3L: 1 kg; the frequency of the immersion cleaning is preferably 1-3 times, more preferably 2 times, and the time of each immersion cleaning is preferably less than or equal to 5min, more preferably less than or equal to 3 min.
According to the invention, fresh medicinal and edible plants are soaked in a solvent for 1-2 hours to obtain a first mixed feed liquid, the first mixed feed liquid is ground to obtain a first grinding liquid, the first grinding liquid is centrifuged, and a first supernatant and a precipitate are collected. In the invention, the fresh medicinal and edible plants preferably comprise ginseng, purslane or hawthorn; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is ginseng or hawthorn, the solvent is preferably an ethanol water solution; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is purslane, the solvent is preferably water, and more preferably purified water; the mass and solvent volume ratio of the fresh medicinal and edible plants is preferably (0.5-1.5) kg: (1-2) L, more preferably 1 kg: 1.5L. In the invention, the soaking time is preferably 1.5-2.5 h; the soaking temperature is preferably 20-24 ℃; in the invention, the rotation speed of the grinding is preferably 1500-3500 rpm, more preferably 2000-3000 rpm; the frequency is 2-3 (multiple grinding is helpful for fully dissolving out the effective substances), the time of each time is 3-5 min, and the temperature is preferably 20-24 ℃; the interval time between two adjacent grinding is 3-5 min; the equipment used is preferably a mill. In the invention, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is preferably 3000-4000 rpm, more preferably 3500rpm, and the time is 3-5 min.
According to the invention, under the condition of 20-30 ℃, fresh medicinal and edible plants are ground in an ethanol water solution, and the hydrolysis and damage of enzyme to effective components of the plants can be inhibited while the components are extracted.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, whether the solvent is water or ethanol water solution is determined according to the effective components contained in the raw materials; such as fat-soluble components including alkaloid, flavone, organic acid, volatile oil, ester, etc., and ethanol water solution as solvent; on the contrary, if the active ingredient is a water-soluble ingredient, water is used as a solvent; in addition, the water content of the leaf and fruit raw materials is high, and the dosage of the solvent during grinding can be reduced when the leaf and fruit raw materials are treated by water or ethanol water solution; the rhizome raw materials have low water content and compact structure, and the dosage of the solvent needs to be increased during grinding. The application limits the volume percentage content of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution to 40-70 percent, can ensure that the fat-soluble effective components of the plant raw materials are fully dissolved out, and can also ensure the production safety.
After the precipitate is obtained, mixing the precipitate with a solvent to obtain a second mixed feed liquid, grinding the second mixed feed liquid to obtain a second grinding liquid, centrifuging the second grinding liquid, and collecting a second supernatant; the ratio of the mass of the precipitate to the volume of the solvent is preferably (0.8-1.2) kg: (0.5 to 0.8) L, more preferably 1 kg: 0.5L. In the present invention, the parameters of the grinding and centrifugation are the same as above, and are not described herein again.
After the first supernatant and the second supernatant are obtained, mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating the extracting solution under vacuum and reduced pressure until the relative density is 0.75-0.85 mg/mL, preferably 0.8mg/mL, so as to obtain a concentrated solution; the temperature of vacuum reduced pressure concentration is preferably 65-70 ℃.
After the concentrated solution is obtained, the concentrated solution is mixed with an excipient and a flavoring agent to obtain a mixture, the mixture is wetted by 0.2-0.5 times of 40-80% ethanol water solution, wet granulation is carried out, and drying is carried out to obtain particles of 40-60 meshes; or spray drying or freeze drying to obtain 60-80 mesh powder. The excipient is preferably selected from one or more of cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and mannitol; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the excipient is preferably (10-20): 1; the flavoring agent is preferably one or more selected from sucrose, xylitol, essence and non-dairy creamer; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the flavoring agent is preferably (10-20): 1. the mixing method is not particularly limited, and the uniform mixing is taken as the standard.
The invention provides application of a preparation prepared by the preparation method in the scheme in preparation of a beverage.
When the preparation is used, a compound formula can be prepared on site according to personal conditions and theories and experiences of health care and health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine, and the preparation can be drunk as a tea; the application method accords with the principle of dialectical treatment, and is beneficial to improving the health care effect and developing the theory and experience of the traditional Chinese medicine.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Washing fresh Ginseng radix 10kg twice with normal water, each time with 20L water, and controlling washing time within 3 min. Then 30L of pure water is used for cleaning, and the cleaning time is controlled within 5 min. After adding 15L of 50% ethanol (v/v) and soaking for 2h, it was ground with a grinder (1500rpm, 5min), left for 5min, and centrifuged with a continuous centrifuge (3500rpm, 5 min). The centrifugate was collected. The residue was collected, added with 7.5L of 50% ethanol, stirred for 10min, milled again (2000rpm, 5min), and continuously centrifuged again (3500rpm, 5 min). Mixing the centrifugates to obtain low temperature ethanol extractive solution. Concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.05-1.10 (60 ℃). Adding 150g of sucrose as a flavoring agent into the concentrated solution, uniformly mixing, and spray drying to obtain about 680g of dry powder. Collecting the obtained dry powder, and packaging to obtain Ginseng radix preparation.
Example 2
10kg of fresh purslane is taken and washed twice with normal water, 20L of water is used each time, and the washing time is controlled within 3 min. Then 30 liters of pure water is used for cleaning, and the cleaning time is controlled within 5 min. Soaking in 10L purified water for 2h, grinding with grinder (3000rpm, 5min), standing for 5min, and grinding again under the same conditions. After grinding, the mixture was immediately centrifuged in a continuous centrifuge (3500rpm, 5 min). The centrifugate was collected. After the residue was collected, 5L of purified water was added, and the mixture was again milled (3000rpm, 5min), followed by continuous centrifugation (3500rpm, 5 min). Mixing the centrifugates to obtain water extract. Concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.30-1.35 (60 ℃). Adding 200g of cyclodextrin, performing wet granulation, drying to obtain about 430g of granules for blending, and packaging to obtain the purslane preparation.
Example 3
10kg of fresh hawthorn fruits are taken and washed twice with normal water, and 10L of water is used each time. Then, the mixture was washed with 20L of pure water and taken out. 10L 60% (V/V) ethanol was added, triturated with a mill (2000rpm, 5min), and immediately centrifuged with a continuous centrifuge (3500rpm, 5min) after trituration. The centrifugate was collected. After the residue was collected, 5 liters of 60% (V/V) ethanol was added thereto, and the mixture was again milled (2500rpm, 5min), and then continuously centrifuged again (3500rpm, 5 min). Mixing the centrifugates to obtain ethanol extract. Adding 200g of cyclodextrin, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.15-1.25 (60 ℃). Freeze drying to obtain 460g of blended freeze-dried powder, and packaging to obtain the hawthorn fruit preparation.
Example 4 measurement of effective ingredients in Ginseng radix extracts obtained by different preparation methods
1. The method comprises the following steps:
dividing fresh ginseng 5kg into two parts with the same weight;
the traditional preparation method comprises the following steps: one portion was dried in a reduced pressure drying oven. Pulverizing dried Ginseng radix sample (total weight 763 g), extracting with 2L 50% ethanol under reflux for 2h, cooling, and collecting extractive solution; the residue was further extracted with 2L of 50% ethanol under reflux for 2 h. Mixing the ethanol extractive solutions, recovering ethanol, concentrating under pressure to obtain a concentrated juice with a relative density of 1.30-1.35 (60 deg.C), and vacuum drying. 115g of dry ginseng extract is obtained.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: washing another fresh ginseng sample with normal water twice, each time with 5L water, and controlling washing time within 3 min. Then 7L of pure water is used for cleaning, and the cleaning time is controlled within 5 min. After soaking in 4L of 50% ethanol (v/v) for 1h, it was ground with a grinder (1500rpm, 5min), left for 5min, and centrifuged with a continuous centrifuge (3500rpm, 5 min). The centrifugate was collected. After the residue was collected, 2L of 50% ethanol was added, and the mixture was stirred for 10min, milled again (2000rpm, 5min), and continuously centrifuged again (3500rpm, 5 min). Mixing the centrifugates to obtain low temperature ethanol extract. Vacuum concentrating to relative density of 1.30-1.35 (60 deg.C), and vacuum drying to obtain fresh Ginseng radix extract 122 g.
2. The experimental results are as follows:
the preparation method can finish extraction within 4 hours, while the traditional preparation method needs cutting, heating, refluxing, cooling and the like, and the extraction process generally needs dozens of hours; compared with the traditional preparation method, the preparation method has more efficient extraction process.
The content of the ginseng is measured according to the content measuring method under the ginseng item in the first part of Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), and the measuring result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 determination results of effective component content of Ginseng radix extract corresponding to different preparation methods
The preparation method of the application has no obvious difference with the traditional preparation method in the effective components of the ginseng extract.
3. Measuring according to characteristic spectrum measurement method under the item of ginseng root extract in Chinese pharmacopoeia I (2015 edition), and referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 for measurement result, wherein fig. 1 is a sample characteristic spectrum prepared from fresh ginseng; FIG. 2 is a characteristic map of a sample prepared from dried ginseng. The 8 common characteristic peaks in fig. 1 and 2 correspond to each other, wherein peak 1: ginsenoside Rg1, peak 2: ginsenoside Re, peak 3: ginsenoside Rf, peak 4: ginsenoside Rb1, peak 5: ginsenoside Rc, peak 6: ginsenoside Rb2, peak 7: ginsenoside Rb3, peak 8: ginsenoside Rd. The retention time of main peaks and relative peak area in the characteristic spectrum are basically the same. The preparation method has certain advantages in the aspects of yield, time consumption, energy conservation and the like compared with the traditional preparation method.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a preparation taking fresh medicinal and edible plants as raw materials comprises the following steps:
1) soaking a fresh medicinal and edible plant in a solvent for 1-2 hours to obtain a first mixed feed liquid, grinding the first mixed feed liquid to obtain a first grinding liquid, centrifuging the first grinding liquid, and collecting a first supernatant and a precipitate;
2) mixing the precipitate and a solvent to obtain a second mixed feed liquid, grinding the second mixed feed liquid to obtain a second grinding liquid, centrifuging the second grinding liquid, and collecting a second supernatant;
3) mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain an extracting solution, and concentrating the extracting solution under vacuum and reduced pressure until the relative density is 0.75-0.85 mg/mL to obtain a concentrated solution;
4) mixing the concentrated solution with an excipient and a flavoring agent to obtain a mixture, and performing wet granulation, drying, spray drying or freeze drying on the mixture to obtain a preparation;
the solvent in the step 1) and the step 2) respectively comprises water or ethanol water solution; the volume percentage content of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 40-70 percent;
the grinding times in the step 1) and the step 2) are respectively 2-3 times, each time is 3-5 min, and the interval time between two adjacent grinding times is 3-5 min;
the centrifugation time in the step 1) and the step 2) is 3-5 min respectively.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the fresh medicinal and edible plant comprises ginseng, purslane or hawthorn; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is ginseng or hawthorn, the solvent in the steps 1) and 2) is ethanol water; when the fresh medicinal and edible plant is purslane, the solvent in the steps 1) and 2) is water.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ethanol is present in the aqueous ethanol solution in an amount of 50 to 60% by volume.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the mass of the fresh medicinal and edible plant in the step 1) to the solvent is (0.5-1.5) kg: (1-2) L.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the mass of the precipitate to the volume of the solvent in step 2) is (0.8 to 1.2) kg: (0.5-0.8) L.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speeds of the grinding in the step 1) and the step 2) are 1500-3500 rpm respectively.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum concentration in step 3) is 65 to 70 ℃.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the excipient in step 4) is one or more selected from cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and mannitol; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the excipient is (10-20): 1.
9. the preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the flavoring agent in step 4) is one or more selected from sucrose, xylitol, essence and non-dairy creamer; the mass ratio of the concentrated solution to the flavoring agent is (10-20): 1.
10. use of a preparation prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in the preparation of a beverage.
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