CN111527815A

CN111527815A - Planting soil improvement system and construction method

Info

Publication number: CN111527815A
Application number: CN202010378272.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 段雪龙; 方颖昊; 王千; 陈建国; 王丹; 李渊明; 朱向生; 舒耀明
Original assignee: China First Metallurgical Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China First Metallurgical Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-07
Filing date: 2020-05-07
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-07
Also published as: CN111527815B

Abstract

The invention provides a planting soil improvement system and a construction method, comprising the following steps: planting holes; an isolation layer, a covering layer, a filter layer, a planting improvement soil layer, a water supplementing device and a ventilating and water permeating pipe are sequentially arranged in the planting hole from the bottom to the top; a drain pipe is embedded in the isolation layer; organic fertilizer is doped in the planting improvement soil layer; the water replenishing device is laid in the planting improved soil layer; the ventilating and water permeable pipe is laid around the plant soil ball. According to the invention, the isolation layer, the covering layer and the filter layer are used for preventing the salt from rising, so that the influence of the salt and the alkali on the plant growth is reduced; a drain pipe is arranged in the isolation layer to directly discharge the alkaline water; modifying the improved soil, increasing the content of organic matters and trace elements in the improved soil, and supplementing nutrients required by plant growth; supplying water to the plants in time through a water replenishing device; through laying the pipe of permeating water of ventilating to improve soil air porosity, improve the permeability to water ability of ventilating of soil, improved the survival rate of plant.

Description

Planting soil improvement system and construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of landscape engineering, in particular to a planting soil improvement system and a construction method.

Background

The garden landscape engineering seedling planting belongs to the key and difficult points in garden engineering, the survival rate and the growth condition of the seedling planting relate to the quality of garden engineering, so the problem of improving the survival rate of the seedling planting is urgent, particularly in the northwest, the soil hardening is serious, the salinization degree is high, the soil nutrient is seriously insufficient, the seedling planting is dead in pieces, the management is difficult, and the like, thereby providing a construction method for improving the tree and shrub planting soil.

The method mainly comprises the following steps that the survival rate of plants is influenced by the following main points, the first soil is high in alkalinity, the long-term evaporation capacity is high, the rainfall capacity is small, and the soil salinization is serious; the second rainfall is small, the plants need moisture for survival, and the natural rainfall cannot meet the growth requirements of the plants; the third soil has low nutrient content, and soil organic matters and trace elements in northwest regions have low content, so that the survival and growth of plants are directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a planting soil improvement system and a construction method, and aims to solve the problem of low plant survival rate in the seashell area due to serious soil salinization and less precipitation.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a plant soil improvement system, comprising: planting holes; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

an isolation layer, a covering layer, a filtering layer, a planting improvement soil layer, a water supplementing device and a ventilating and water permeating pipe are sequentially arranged in the planting hole from the bottom to the top; a water drainage pipe is embedded in the isolation layer and used for draining alkaline water out of the planting hole; the planting improvement soil layer is doped with organic fertilizer to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil and provide nutrients for the growth of plants; the water replenishing device is laid in the planting improved soil layer and used for supplying water to the plants to ensure the plants to grow healthily; the ventilating and water-permeable pipe is laid around the plant soil ball to increase the porosity and water permeability of the soil.

Further, in the planting soil improvement system, the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-90 parts of loess, 5-25 parts of yellow sand, 6-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.5-1 part of sulfur powder or desulfurized gypsum.

Further, in the planting soil improvement system, the organic fertilizer is formed by adding a proper amount of potassium permanganate into horse manure, and then tedding and sunning the horse manure.

Further, in the planting soil improvement system, the thickness of the isolation layer is 10-25 cm; the thickness of the covering layer is 5-10 cm.

Furthermore, in the above planting soil improvement system, the isolation layer is paved with cobblestones and/or first crushed stones to prevent saline and alkali from returning upwards.

Furthermore, in the above planting soil improvement system, the second crushed stone with a particle size smaller than that of the first crushed stone is paved in the covering layer to further prevent the saline-alkali from returning upwards.

Further, in the above-mentioned plant soil improvement system, the moisturizing device includes: a water storage container and a water supply pipe embedded in the planting hole; the top of the water storage container is provided with a water replenishing pipe, the water replenishing pipe is communicated with a water source, and a water replenishing valve is arranged on the water replenishing pipe; a liquid level sensor is also arranged in the water storage container and is electrically connected with the water replenishing valve; the water supply pipe is arranged below the water storage container and is connected with the water storage container through a drain valve; the side wall of the water storage container is provided with a timer, and the timer is electrically connected with the drain valve so as to supplement water into the water supply pipe at regular time.

Further, in the above-mentioned plant soil improvement system, the water supply pipe includes: a main path capillary tube and a plurality of branch capillary tubes; the branch capillaries are distributed in a tree-like shape along the surface of the main capillary, and the pipe walls of the main capillary and the branch capillaries are provided with a plurality of water spraying holes for supplying water to the plants.

In the invention, the isolation layer, the covering layer and the filter layer are arranged at the bottom of the planting hole to prevent salt from rising to the periphery of the root of the plant, thereby being beneficial to reducing the influence of the salt and the alkali on the growth of the plant; the drainage pipe is arranged in the isolation layer, so that alkaline water can be directly drained; modifying the improved soil, increasing the content of organic matters and trace elements in the improved soil, and supplementing nutrients required by plant growth; supplying water to the plants in time through a water replenishing device; through laying the pipe of permeating water of ventilating to improve soil air porosity, improve the ability of permeating water of ventilating of soil, and then guaranteed the healthy growth of plant, improved the survival rate of plant.

On the other hand, the invention also provides a construction method of the planting soil improvement system, which comprises the following steps: step 1, excavating planting holes and exposing for a period of time; step 2, laying an isolation layer at the bottom of the planting hole, laying a drain pipe in the isolation layer, and laying a covering layer and a filter layer on the laid isolation layer in sequence; step 3, after a water replenishing device is installed at a preset height above the isolation layer, laying a ventilating and water-permeable pipe; and 4, after the plants are planted in the planting holes, backfilling the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer into the planting holes.

Further, in the construction method of the planting soil improvement system, after the step 3 and before the step 4, the 800-.

According to the invention, through the isolation of the isolation layer, the covering layer and the filter layer and the drainage measure of the drainage blind pipe in the isolation layer, the upward returning probability of saline and alkaline is slowed down, and the survival rate of plants is improved; the ventilation and water permeability pipe and the water replenishing device are arranged, so that the ventilation porosity and water permeability of the soil are increased, and the ventilation and water permeability of the soil are guaranteed; mixing potassium permanganate and horse manure, and turning over, drying in the sun and curing to kill bacteria in the soil and provide nutrients for plants in growth; the construction method is simple to operate, each layer is arranged in sequence, the required materials are few, large excavation and large digging are not needed, the labor and mechanical investment is reduced, and the improvement effect is good; is beneficial to relieving the problems of drought, high salinity and alkalinity and insufficient soil nutrients in northwest regions, and greatly improves the survival rate of plants.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant soil improvement system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water replenishing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, a planting soil improvement system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: planting holes 1; wherein, an isolation layer 2, a covering layer 3, a filter layer 4, a planting improved soil layer 5, a water supplementing device 6 and a ventilating and water permeable pipe 7 are sequentially arranged in the planting hole 1 from the bottom to the top; a drain pipe 21 is buried in the isolation layer 2 and used for draining alkaline water out of the planting hole 1; the planting improvement soil layer 5 is doped with an organic fertilizer 51 for neutralizing the alkalinity of soil and providing nutrients for the growth of plants; the water replenishing device 6 is laid in the planting improvement soil layer 5 and is used for supplying water to the plants to ensure the healthy growth of the plants; the ventilating and water-permeable pipe 7 is laid around the plant soil ball 9 to increase the porosity and water permeability of the soil.

Specifically, the planting hole 1 is in a concave structure, the number of the planting holes 1 in the improved system can be multiple, and the distance between the planting holes 1 can be determined according to actual conditions. The plant soil ball 9 is placed in the planting hole 1 in the middle. Non-woven fabrics are laid on the filter layer 4, and the filter layer can filter out salinity and simultaneously can preserve water and heat.

The isolation layer 2 middle berth is equipped with cobblestone and/or first rubble, can effectively prevent the below high salt moisture to rise, can weaken the saline and alkaline bad influence that upwards returns and cause plant 9. The first crushed stone may have a particle size of 30 to 70mm, preferably 40 to 50 mm. The thickness of the isolating layer 2 is 10-25cm, preferably 20 cm.

The direction of laying of the drainage pipes 21 can be determined according to the trend of the terrain, for example, the drainage pipes 21 can be arranged along the direction vertical to the plane of the isolation layer 2, so that the water with high alkalinity can be directly drained by the self weight of the water, and the pH value of the soil can be kept between 6.5 and 8.5. The drain pipe 21 may be a blind pipe, and more specifically, an HDPE blind pipe having a diameter of 75mm may be used.

In order to further prevent the saline-alkali from going upwards, second broken stones with the grain size smaller than that of the first broken stones are paved in the covering layer 3. The second crushed stone may have a particle size of 5 to 25mm, preferably 5 to 15 mm. The thickness of the cover layer 3 is 5-10 cm.

The planting improvement soil layer 5 comprises: a first horizontal area distributed along the bottom of the planting hole 1 and a second vertical area distributed along the side of the planting hole 1; the vertical distance between the top of the first horizontal area and the isolation layer 2 is a first preset value; the first preset value is greater than or equal to 40 cm. The horizontal distance between the outer boundary of the second area (namely the side wall of the planting hole 1) and the side surface of the soil ball 9 is a second preset value, and the second preset value is more than or equal to 30 cm.

That is, the area with the depth of 40cm from the upper surface of the isolation layer 2 at the bottom of the planting hole 1 and the area with the two sides of the planting hole 1 larger than 30cm of each planting soil ball are used as planting improved soil layers 5.

The improved soil in the planting improved soil layer 5 is mixed with the organic fertilizer 51 to provide nutrients for the growth of plants and improve the survival rate of the plants.

Further, the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer 51 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of loess, 5-25 parts of yellow sand, 6-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.5-1 part of sulfur powder or desulfurized gypsum. Preferably, the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of loess, 20 parts of yellow sand, 8 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.5 part of sulfur powder or desulfurized gypsum. That is, preferably, 70 parts of loess, 20 parts of yellow sand, 8 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.5 part of sulfur powder or desulfurized gypsum are added into each cubic planting hole 1 and uniformly stirred to play a role of sterilization. The compound fertilizer added in the embodiment can be a compound fertilizer such as ammonium phosphate, nitric phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate and the like; or urea potassium phosphate, chlorine ammonium potassium phosphate, ammonium potassium nitrate and other ternary compound fertilizers; or ternary mixed compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea solid.

The organic fertilizer is formed by adding a proper amount of potassium permanganate into horse manure and turning over, drying and curing in the sun. In practice, a potassium permanganate solution (for example, a potassium permanganate diluent with a concentration of about 19-25% can be selected) can be diluted and then added into horse dung, so that harmful bacteria in soil can be killed while nutrients required by plant growth are provided.

On one hand, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and the like are doped into the improved soil, so that the content of organic matters and trace elements in the soil can be increased; on the other hand, the soil in the northwest area is directly improved in this embodiment, and need not additionally purchase planting soil, when improving the survival rate of plant, has reduced the construction cost, is favorable to using widely on a large scale.

The water replenishing unit of the water replenishing device 6 can be embedded in the improved soil layer below the ventilating and water permeable pipe 7 in the planting hole 1, and the water storage unit of the water replenishing device 6 can be arranged outside the planting hole 1 to periodically replenish water for the plant 10.

The ventilating and water-permeable pipe 7 can be a steel wire framework ventilating pipe, is laid between the bottom of the planting hole 1 and the upper opening of the planting hole 1, can enhance the capacity of supplying oxygen to the root of the plant 10, can ensure that moisture smoothly moves downwards along non-pore pores of soil under the action of gravity after irrigation and rainfall, and can desalt the high-salt-content moisture around the planting hole 1 and at the lower layer of the planting hole 1 through the transverse movement of the moisture. Along with the growth of trees, the salt tolerance of the trees is gradually improved, and the salt and alkali desalination degree of the soil in the planting holes 1 is continuously deepened through the action of continuous irrigation and rainfall, so that the plants 10 are ensured to stably and vigorously grow. The ventilating and water-permeable pipes 7 can be multiple, the ventilating and water-permeable pipes 7 can be uniformly distributed around the soil ball 9, and a plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall of the ventilating and water-permeable pipes to ensure that the soil ventilating void degree is 5% -10%.

Of course, in this embodiment, a backfilling modified soil area is also included, which is formed by backfilling modified soil doped with organic fertilizer around the plant soil ball 9.

As can be clearly seen from the above, the planting soil improvement system provided in this embodiment prevents salt from rising to around the roots of plants through the isolation layer, the cover layer and the filter layer disposed at the bottom of the planting hole, and is beneficial to reducing the influence of salt and alkali on the growth of plants; the drainage pipe is arranged in the isolation layer, so that alkaline water can be directly drained; modifying the improved soil, increasing the content of organic matters and trace elements in the improved soil, and supplementing nutrients required by plant growth; supplying water to the plants in time through a water replenishing device; through laying the pipe of permeating water of ventilating to improve soil air porosity, improve the ability of permeating water of ventilating of soil, and then guaranteed the healthy growth of plant, improved the survival rate of plant.

Referring to fig. 2, in the above embodiment, the water replenishing device 6 includes: a water storage container 61 and a water supply pipe 62 embedded in the planting hole 1; a water replenishing pipe 611 is arranged at the top of the water storage container, the water replenishing pipe 611 is communicated with a water source (not shown in the figure), and a water replenishing valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the water replenishing pipe 611; a liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure) is also arranged in the water storage container 61 and is electrically connected with the water replenishing valve; the water supply pipe 62 is disposed below the water storage container 61 and connected to the water storage container 61 through a drain valve (not shown); a timer is disposed on the sidewall of the water storage container 61, and the timer (not shown) is electrically connected to the drain valve to periodically supply water to the water supply pipe.

Specifically, the water storage container 61 may be communicated with a river, tap water, or other water source through a water replenishing pipe. The water supply pipe 62 may include: a main path capillary 621 and a plurality of branch capillaries 622; each branch capillary 622 is distributed along the surface of the main branch capillary 621 in a forked shape, and the pipe walls of the main branch capillary 621 and the branch capillaries 622 are provided with a plurality of water spraying holes for supplying water to the plant 10. The capillary can be determined according to the size of the amended soil layer of the planting hole 1. The water replenishing frequency and the water replenishing amount are controlled by a timer and a drain valve, and a small amount of water is replenished for the plants 10 every day at regular time, so that the soil deposition is avoided, and the air permeability is limited; the water supplement amount can be determined according to the condition of the plant 10 every time, so as to ensure the healthy growth of the plant 10.

The invention also provides a construction method of the planting soil improvement system, which comprises the following steps: .

And step S1, excavating planting holes and exposing for a period of time.

Specifically, before excavating the planting holes 1, the field is firstly cleared up, the terrain is cleared up, the soil is turned over, the soil is loosened, the loosening depth is generally kept at 30-40cm, the terrain is processed according to requirements, stones, garbage and the like with the diameter of more than 2.5cm are removed, and the planting soil is detected to obtain original data including the total salt content, the ventilation porosity and the organic matter content of the soil. After the planting hole 1 is dug, the planting hole is exposed for more than 24 hours, so that the ultraviolet rays can kill part of harmful bacteria in the soil.

And step S2, paving an isolation layer at the bottom of the planting hole, paving a drain pipe in the isolation layer, and paving a covering layer and a filter layer on the paved isolation layer in sequence.

Particularly, lay the great first rubble of diameter as isolation layer 2 to lay the HDPE blind pipe, lay the less second rubble of particle diameter in isolation layer 2 top after that, the two-layer separation of overburden 3 and isolation layer 2 can effectively prevent saline and alkaline upward returning. When the non-woven fabric used as the filter layer 4 is laid, the cloth surface needs to be flat, a deformation allowance is properly reserved, and the non-woven fabric and the laid surface need to be flattened and tightly attached to avoid overhead.

And step S3, after a water replenishing device is installed at a preset height above the isolation layer, laying a ventilating and water-permeable pipe.

Specifically, the area above the isolation layer 2 at a preset height is a planting improved soil layer 5, after the area is filled with improved soil doped with organic fertilizer, a water supplementing device 6 is laid in the area, and then a ventilating and water permeable pipe 7 is laid around the position of the ball to be soil placed.

Step S4, after planting the plant in the planting hole, backfilling the improved soil doped with organic fertilizer into the planting hole.

Specifically, the installed plants are required to be healthy, when the plants are free of diseases and installed, the installation requirements of the soil balls 9 are centered, and the plants cannot be inclined. The preparation process of the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer may be performed in any one of the steps S2 to S4 after the step S1. Considering that the treatment of the organic fertilizer requires time, it may be performed before step S2. The horse dung processed by the potassium permanganate is mixed in the improved soil, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is loosened and then is backfilled into the planting hole 1 in time, and the specific preparation process of the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer can refer to the system embodiment, which is not described again here. After the improved soil is doped, the detection shows that the total salt content of the soil is obviously reduced by a large margin compared with that before the improvement; the air permeability and the organic content are obviously greatly improved compared with the prior art.

Of course, before planting the plant, the 800-.

It should be noted that, the relevant parts in the construction method embodiment and the system embodiment may be referred to each other, and are not described herein again.

In conclusion, the separation of the isolation layer, the covering layer and the filter layer and the drainage measure of the drainage blind pipe in the isolation layer slow down the upward returning probability of the saline and alkaline and improve the survival rate of plants; the ventilation and water permeability pipe and the water replenishing device are arranged, so that the ventilation porosity and water permeability of the soil are increased, and the ventilation and water permeability of the soil are guaranteed; mixing potassium permanganate and horse manure, and turning over, drying in the sun and curing to kill bacteria in the soil and provide nutrients for plants in growth; the construction method is simple to operate, each layer is arranged in sequence, the required materials are few, large excavation and large digging are not needed, the labor and mechanical investment is reduced, and the improvement effect is good; is beneficial to relieving the problems of drought, high salinity and alkalinity and insufficient soil nutrients in northwest regions, and greatly improves the survival rate of plants.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A plant soil improvement system, comprising: planting holes; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

an isolation layer, a covering layer, a filtering layer, a planting improvement soil layer, a water supplementing device and a ventilating and water permeating pipe are sequentially arranged in the planting hole from the bottom to the top;

a water drainage pipe is embedded in the isolation layer and used for draining alkaline water out of the planting hole;

the planting improvement soil layer is doped with organic fertilizer to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil and provide nutrients for the growth of plants;

the water replenishing device is laid in the planting improved soil layer and used for supplying water to the plants to ensure the plants to grow healthily;

the ventilating and water-permeable pipe is laid around the plant soil ball to increase the porosity and water permeability of the soil.

2. The planting soil improvement system of claim 1, wherein the improved soil doped with organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of loess, 5-25 parts of yellow sand, 6-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.5-1 part of sulfur powder or desulfurized gypsum.

3. The planting soil improvement system of claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is a fertilizer formed by adding a proper amount of potassium permanganate to horse manure and tedding the manure.

4. The plant soil amendment system according to claim 1, wherein the insulation layer has a thickness of 10-25 cm; the thickness of the covering layer is 5-10 cm.

5. The system for improving plant soil according to claim 1, wherein the isolation layer is provided with cobblestones and/or first crushed stones therein to prevent upward return of saline and alkali.

6. The plant soil improvement system according to claim 5, wherein a second crushed stone having a smaller particle size than the first crushed stone is laid in the cover layer to further prevent the salt and alkali from going upward.

7. The plant soil amendment system according to claim 1, wherein the water replenishment device comprises: a water storage container and a water supply pipe embedded in the planting hole; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a water replenishing pipe is arranged at the top of the water storage container and is communicated with a water source, and a water replenishing valve is arranged on the water replenishing pipe;

a liquid level sensor is also arranged in the water storage container and is electrically connected with the water replenishing valve;

the water supply pipe is arranged below the water storage container and is connected with the water storage container through a drain valve;

the side wall of the water storage container is provided with a timer, and the timer is electrically connected with the drain valve so as to supplement water into the water supply pipe at regular time.

8. The plant soil improvement system of claim 7, wherein the water supply pipe comprises: a main path capillary tube and a plurality of branch capillary tubes; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

each branch capillary is along the surface of main road capillary is the fork form and distributes, main road capillary and a plurality of all seted up a plurality of hole for water spraying on the pipe wall of branch capillary for to plant water supply.

9. A method of constructing a plant soil improvement system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

step 1, excavating planting holes and exposing for a period of time;

step 2, laying an isolation layer at the bottom of the planting hole, laying a drain pipe in the isolation layer, and laying a covering layer and a filter layer on the laid isolation layer in sequence;

step 3, after a water replenishing device is installed at a preset height above the isolation layer, laying a ventilating and water-permeable pipe;

and 4, after the plants are planted in the planting holes, backfilling the improved soil doped with the organic fertilizer into the planting holes.

10. The construction method for a plant soil improvement system as claimed in claim 9, wherein after said step 3 and before said step 4, 800-fold dilution of carbendazim or chlorothalonil is sprayed into said planting hole to prevent the invasion of germs into the root of said plant.