CN111527261B - 包含芳族聚酰胺浆粕的纸和由其制造的摩擦纸 - Google Patents
包含芳族聚酰胺浆粕的纸和由其制造的摩擦纸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111527261B CN111527261B CN201880068923.7A CN201880068923A CN111527261B CN 111527261 B CN111527261 B CN 111527261B CN 201880068923 A CN201880068923 A CN 201880068923A CN 111527261 B CN111527261 B CN 111527261B
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- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAFOTXWPFVZQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)-3h-benzimidazol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(N)C=C2N1 XAFOTXWPFVZQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical class CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003503 terephthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
公开了一种纸,其包含60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和1重量%至40重量%的在纤维表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮涂层,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上。还描述了一种包含所述纸和树脂涂层的摩擦纸复合物。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及一种包含芳族聚酰胺浆粕和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的原纸。所述纸当涂有树脂时可用作摩擦材料。
授予Lee的美国专利号5,532,059公开了一种聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)和聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)的组合的纤维浆粕及其制造方法。所述方法涉及在聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)存在下进行聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)聚合反应,并且产物是具有增加的原纤维而没有纤维茎的改进的浆粕。
授予Martin的美国专利号3,036,950描述了一种在经打浆的纤维素浆粕纤维上沉积水分散性树脂的方法,所述方法包括首先将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散到所述纤维的水性浆料中,以及随后将所述树脂分散到所述浆料中,所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量基于所述浆粕纤维的干重为至少约0.05重量%。
授予Ramachandran的美国专利号6,139,688教导了一种经涂覆的芳族聚酰胺纤维,其中涂层是少量的壳聚糖,并且所述经涂覆的纤维可用于制造改进的摩擦纸。
持续需要提供一种用于摩擦应用的纸,其中可以在不增加或最低限度增加纸孔隙率的情况下增加纸的拉伸强度。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种纸,所述纸包含:60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述纤维浆粕包含纤维;以及1重量%至40重量%的作为涂层存在于所述纤维的表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上。
本发明进一步涉及一种由所述纸制造的摩擦材料复合物。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明能够以各种形式实施,但是以下对几个实施例的描述是在理解本公开内容应被认为是本发明的范例的情况下进行的,并且不旨在将本发明限制于所示的具体实施例。提供标题仅仅是为了方便,而不应以任何方式解释为限制本发明。在本公开的任何标题下或任何部分中示出的实施例可与在本公开的相同或任何其他标题或其他部分下示出的实施例组合。
除非本文另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明包括本文所述的要素以其所有可能变型形式的任何组合。
定义
如本文所用,术语“纸”以其正常含义使用,并且是指使用常规湿法造纸工艺和设备制备的非织造片材。在本公开的上下文中,纸也被称为“原纸”。
如本文所述的“摩擦纸”是包含如上所述的原纸和树脂涂层的复合物。
所谓“浆粕”是指具有茎和从茎延伸的原纤维的芳族聚酰胺材料的颗粒,其中茎通常为柱状并且直径为约10至50微米,而原纤维是直径仅为几分之一微米或几微米的附着到茎上的且长度为约10至100微米的毛发状构件。在造纸中,浆粕上的原纤维作为钩或紧固件将相邻颗粒保持在纸中并为纸结构提供完整性非常重要。本文所用的浆粕的表面积为0.5至20平方米/克。芳族聚酰胺浆粕可以例如通过精制芳族聚酰胺絮凝物或如美国专利号5,202,184中所述而制造。
絮凝物通常包括通过将连续的长丝纤维切成短的长度而没有明显的原纤化所制成的短纤维。尽管短纤维的长度几乎可以是任何长度,但是合适的范围的实例对于加强纤维而言为1mm至12mm,对于纺成纱线的短纤维而言为5mm至800mm。典型地,絮凝物的表面积为约0.08至0.6平方米/克。适用于本发明的短纤维是授予Hoiness的美国专利号5,474,842中公开的加强纤维。
如本文所用,术语“纤条体”是指小的薄膜状的基本上为二维颗粒的非常细分的聚合物产品,其具有约100至1000微米的长度和宽度以及约0.1至1微米的厚度。
在本申请的上下文中,术语芳族聚酰胺包括其中至少85%的酰胺(--CONH--)键直接附接至两个芳环的聚合物。添加剂可以与芳族聚酰胺一起使用;并且已经发现,可以将最高多达10重量%的其他聚合物材料与芳族聚酰胺共混,或者可以使用共聚物,这些共聚物具有多达10%的替代芳族聚酰胺的二胺的其他二胺或多达10%的替代芳族聚酰胺的二酰氯的其他二酰氯。对位芳族聚酰胺是本发明纤维中的示例性聚合物,并且聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)(PPD-T)是优选的对位芳族聚酰胺。另一合适的芳族聚酰胺型纤维是基于芳族共聚酰胺的纤维,诸如通过对苯二甲酰氯(TPA)与对苯二胺(PPD)和3,4′-二氨基二苯醚(DPE)的组合混合物(例如,摩尔比为50/50)反应而制备的芳族共聚酰胺。另一种合适的纤维是通过如下方式形成的纤维:两种二胺即对苯二胺和5-氨基-2-(对氨基苯基)苯并咪唑与其对苯二酸衍生物或酸酐衍生物或酰氯衍生物或前述物质的异构体发生缩聚反应。另一种纤维类型是衍生自对苯二胺、5(6)-氨基-2-(对氨基苯基)苯并咪唑和对苯二甲酰二氯的共聚的芳族共聚物。
纸
在本公开的上下文中,纸也称为原纸。
在一个实施例中,所述纸包含:60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述浆粕包含纤维;以及1重量%至40重量%的在所述纤维的表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)涂层,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上。
在另一个实施例中,所述纸包含:80重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕;以及2重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)涂层。
在另一个实施例中,所述纸包含:80重量%至95重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕;以及5重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)涂层。
在又一个实施例中,所述纸包含:80重量%至90重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕;以及10重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)涂层。
在再一个实施例中,所述纸进一步包含1重量%至30重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。替代性地,所述纸进一步包含1重量%至20重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,或1重量%至10重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
纸也可以使用芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体的组合来制造,其中纤条体用于将絮凝物和其他纸组分保持在一起。
纸可以进一步包含诸如填料或摩擦改性颗粒的组分。示例性填料包括二氧化硅、硅藻土、石墨和氧化铝。示例性摩擦改性颗粒包括金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物及其混合物。摩擦改性颗粒可以具有至少一个小于1微米的维度。
将PVP施加到芳族聚酰胺浆粕的一种方法是通过将PVP添加到浆粕和其他纤维材料的含水浆料中,形成纸并干燥纸。但是,也可以使用其他方法。
可以使用本领域众所周知的技术在任何合适的造纸机上制造纸。
优选地,纸具有至少4.0MPa/s或至少4.3MPa/s的拉伸强度与平均葛尔莱(Gurley)透气度300cc值的比率。
摩擦纸
如本文所述的摩擦纸是包含如上所述的原纸和树脂涂层的复合物。
在一个实施例中,摩擦纸包含40重量%至95重量%的原纸和5重量%至60重量%的树脂。
在另一个实施例中,摩擦纸包含60重量%至90重量%的原纸和10重量%至40重量%的树脂。
摩擦纸树脂
摩擦纸的树脂组分可以是酚醛树脂、改性酚醛树脂、硅树脂、聚酰亚胺或其组合。
可用于本发明的硅树脂包括例如热固化硅密封胶和硅橡胶。另一种有用的树脂是环氧改性的酚醛树脂,其包含约5重量%至约25重量%并且优选地约10重量%至约15重量%的环氧化合物,其余部分(不包括溶剂和其他加工助剂)是酚醛树脂。
如本领域中已知的那样,将树脂浸渍到原纸上和其中,然后通过加热和加压使其固化以形成摩擦纸的最终形状。可以使用诸如浸涂和表面涂布的常规技术来浸渍纸。
工业实用性
本发明可用作与离合器片、传动带、制动蹄、同步环、摩擦盘或系统板一起使用的高能摩擦材料。
在以下条款中阐述了本文公开的一些实施例,并且可以产生这些条款(或其部分)的任何组合来限定实施例。例如,如果实施例中描述的组合物可以根据附加特征或权利要求要素而变化,则应当理解,其他实施例中描述的其他组合物也可以根据该相同的附加特征或权利要求要素而变化。例如,条款1a公开了一个实施例,其中如条款1所述的纸中的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕;类似地,对于公开包含芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕(或由其或基本上由其组成)的纸或复合物的任何其他实施例,存在另一个实施例,其中所述纸或复合物包含对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕(或由其或基本上由其组成)。通常,对于本文所述的组合物(诸如纸或复合物)包含芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或芳族聚酰胺絮凝物或芳族聚酰胺纤条体或由其组成或基本上由其组成的任何实施例,存在另一个相应的实施例,其包含对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物或对位芳族聚酰胺纤条体或由其组成或基本上由其组成。此外,本文描述的利用组合物的方法也可以通过此类组成变化而变化。
条款1:一种纸,其包含:基于所述纸的总重量的60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述纤维浆粕包含纤维;以及基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至40重量%的作为涂层存在于所述纤维的表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上。
条款1a:在一个实施例中,如条款1所述的纸中的所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕。
条款2:如条款1或1a所述的纸,其包含80重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和1重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。在一个实施例中,如条款1或1a所述的纸包含80重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和2重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
条款3:如条款1或1a所述的纸,其包含80重量%至95重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和5重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
条款4:如条款1或1a所述的纸,其包含80重量%至90重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和10重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
条款4a:在一个实施例中,提供了一种纸,其包含:芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述纤维浆粕包含纤维;以及作为涂层存在于所述纤维的表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上;其中芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕或对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重量比为60∶40至99∶1;或80∶20至99∶1;或80∶20至98∶2;或80∶20至95∶5;或80∶20至90∶10。
条款5:如前述条款中任一项所述的纸,其拉伸强度与平均葛尔莱透气度300cc值的比率为至少4.0MPa/s。在一个实施例中,拉伸强度与平均葛尔莱透气度300cc值的比率为至少4.3MPa/s。
条款6:如条款1所述的纸,其由或基本上由60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和1重量%至40重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。
条款6a:如条款1所述的纸,其由或基本上由80重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和2重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。
条款6b:如条款1所述的纸,其由或基本上由80重量%至95重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和5重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。
条款6c:如条款1所述的纸,其由或基本上由80重量%至90重量%的对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和10重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。
条款7:如条款1所述的纸,其进一步包含芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,诸如对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,所述絮凝物包含纤维,所述絮凝物基于所述纸的总重量以1重量%至30重量%的量存在,其中所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为涂层存在于所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕纤维和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物纤维的表面上,并且其中所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕基于所述纸的总重量不超过98重量%。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
条款7a:如条款1所述的纸,其进一步包含芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,所述絮凝物包含纤维,所述絮凝物基于所述纸的总重量以1重量%至20重量%、或5重量%至20重量%的量存在,其中所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为涂层存在于所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕纤维和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物纤维的表面上,并且其中所述对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕基于所述纸的总重量不超过98重量%。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
条款7b:在一个实施例中,提供了如条款4a所述的纸,其进一步包含芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。在一个这样的实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物基于所述纸的总重量以1重量%至30重量%、或1重量%至20重量%、或5重量%至20重量%的量存在。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物是对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
条款8:如条款1所述的纸,其进一步包含芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体的组合,所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体包含纤维,所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体的组合基于所述纸的总重量以1重量%至30重量%、或1重量%至20重量%、或5重量%至20重量%的量存在,其中所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为涂层存在于所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕纤维和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物纤维和所述芳族聚酰胺纤条体的表面上,并且其中所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕基于所述纸的总重量不超过98重量%。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物以及所述芳族聚酰胺纤条体是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物以及对位芳族聚酰胺纤条体。
条款8a:在一些实施例中,如条款4a所述的纸进一步包含芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体的组合。在一个这样的实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物和芳族聚酰胺纤条体的组合基于所述纸的总重量以1重量%至30重量%、或1重量%至20重量%、或5重量%至20重量%的量存在。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物以及所述芳族聚酰胺纤条体是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物以及对位芳族聚酰胺纤条体。
条款9:如前述条款中任一项所述的纸,其进一步包含填料或摩擦改性颗粒。
条款10:如条款9所述的纸,其中所述填料或摩擦改性颗粒是以下项中的一种或多种:二氧化硅、硅藻土、石墨、氧化铝、金属氧化物、金属氮化物、或金属碳化物。
条款10a:如条款9所述的纸,其中所述填料是以下项中的一种或多种:二氧化硅、硅藻土、石墨、或氧化铝。
条款10b:如条款9所述的纸,其中所述摩擦改性颗粒是以下项中的一种或多种:金属氧化物、金属氮化物、或金属碳化物。
条款11:如条款7所述的纸,其由或基本上由基于所述纸的总重量的60重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕、基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至30重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物、以及基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
条款11a:如条款7所述的纸,其由或基本上由基于所述纸的总重量的60重量%至93重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕、基于所述纸的总重量的5重量%至20重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物、以及基于所述纸的总重量的2重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮组成。在一个实施例中,所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物是对位芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物。
条款12:一种复合物,其包含40重量%至95重量%的如条款1所述的纸和5重量%至60重量%的树脂,其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂、硅树脂、聚酰亚胺或其组合。
条款13:如条款12所述的复合物,其包含60重量%至90重量%的如条款1所述的纸和10重量%至40重量%的所述树脂。
条款14:一种复合物,其包含40重量%至95重量%的如条款7所述的纸和5重量%至60重量%的树脂,其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂、硅树脂、聚酰亚胺或其组合。
条款15:如条款14所述的复合物,其包含60重量%至90重量%的如条款7所述的纸和10重量%至40重量%的所述树脂。
在以下实例中进一步定义本发明,其中除非另有说明,否则所有份数和百分数均按重量计。应当理解,这些实例虽然指出了本发明的优选实施例,但仅以举例说明的方式给出,并且不应以任何方式解释为限制性的。根据以上讨论和这些实例,本领域的技术人员可确定本发明的基本特征,并且在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可对本发明进行各种变化和修改以使其适应多种用途和条件。
测试方法
根据ASTM D645M-97(2007)使用Thwing-Albert ProGage仪器在纸样品的5个点上测量原纸和摩擦纸的平均厚度。
摩擦纸的平均厚度通过三丰公司(Mitsutoyo Corporation)的型号为ID-C1128的厚度计测量,并且使用纸样品的断裂点的厚度。
根据ASTM D646-13测量原纸和摩擦纸的面积重量。
摩擦纸的面积重量通过固化后立即将测量的重量除以面积(21cm×9cm)来计算。
根据ASTM D726-94,使用Genuine Gurley 4320葛尔莱透气度测定仪4110(纽约州特洛伊的葛尔莱精密仪器公司(Gurley Precision Instruments,Troy,NY))测量原纸和摩擦纸的孔隙率和透气度。将各个样品置于透气度测定仪的支架中,并以0.304(kPa)的压力迫使空气通过样品的0.1平方英寸或0.645cm2的面积,然后通过软件将其重新计算为1平方英寸或6.45cm2。将300cc(cm3)的空气通过样品所需的时间(以秒计)记录为葛尔莱透气度,其中单位为(s/300cm3或s/300cc),在本文中称为葛尔莱透气度300cc值。值报告为每个样品5次测试的平均值。机器还计算孔隙率。定性地讲,孔隙率和透气度之间的关系是,孔隙率越高,透气度就越高,但是应该注意的是,此处记录的透气度是指300cc空气通过样品所花的时间(以秒计)。时间越短(越小),透气度越高;因此,以秒为单位的时间实际上与透气度成反比。
根据ASTM D828-16测量原纸和摩擦纸两者的拉伸强度值。值报告为每个样品8次测试的平均值。
实例
给出了以下实例来说明本发明,并且其不应被解释为以任何方式对本发明进行限制。除非另外指明,否则所有份数和百分比都是按重量计。根据本发明制备的实例由数值来指明。对照实例或对比实例由字母来指明。与对比实例和本发明的实例相关的数据和测试结果在表1和2中示出。
在所有实例中使用的浆粕是可从特拉华州威尔明顿的杜邦公司(E.I.DuPont deNemours and Company,Wilmington,DE)商购获得的纤度为2.25旦尼尔/长丝的对位芳族聚酰胺merge 1F892。
PVP以商品名Sokalan从新泽西州弗洛勒姆的巴斯夫公司(BASF,Florham,NJ)获得。等级为K30P。
对比实例A的原纸的制备
在搅拌的同时将对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕加入水中,以提供2%的对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕的浆料。将浆料通过滤袋过滤,并将湿滤饼在环境温度下在平压机中以100psi的压力压制1分钟以完成脱水。不对纸进行干燥。
将7.46g对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕添加到2.5升水中以形成第二浆料,然后将其进料到实验室造纸机上的滤网上。所形成的纸不再被进一步压制,而是在300+/-20℃下干燥5分钟。
干燥的纸的平均厚度为0.72mm,面积重量为168g/m2(gsm,克/平方米),并且孔隙率为83.8%。测试纸的透气度和拉伸强度,其中结果示于表1中。
实例1的原纸的制备
其以与对比实例A类似的方式制备,不同的是,在添加对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕以制造浆料之后,还在搅拌的同时添加一定量的PVP,其量使得添加的PVP的重量是添加的对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕的重量的5%。压力、时间和温度与对比实例A相同。
干燥的纸的平均厚度为0.69mm,面积重量为170g/m2,并且孔隙率为82.9%。测试纸的透气度和拉伸强度,其中结果示于表1中。
实例2的原纸的制备
其以与对比实例A类似的方式制备,不同的是,在添加对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕以制造浆料之后,在搅拌的同时添加一定量的对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物,使得添加的对位芳族聚酰胺絮凝物的重量为添加的对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕的重量的20%,并且在搅拌的同时还添加一定量的PVP,使得添加的PVP的重量为添加的对位芳族聚酰胺浆粕的重量的5%。压力、时间和温度与对比实例A相同。
干燥的纸的平均厚度为0.76mm,面积重量为164g/m2,并且孔隙率为85.1%。测试纸的透气度和拉伸强度,其中结果示于表1中。
表1
摩擦纸的制备
为了测试原纸作为摩擦材料的功效,将原纸浸入酚醛树脂中。树脂是溶于甲醇溶剂中的类型PR54562(30%的溶液),得自美国密歇根州诺维的住友电木公司(SumitomoBakelite,NA(Novi,MI,USA))。浸渍后,将纸取出,并将多余的树脂排掉。将纸风干30分钟,然后在100℃的烘箱中干燥15分钟。纸的树脂含量通过质量百分比浓度来度量。然后将纸放在玻璃板之间,并将树脂在165℃下固化10分钟,然后在165℃的烘箱中后固化5小时。通过比较树脂涂布前后的纸的相对重量来确定涂布纸中的树脂含量。
对比实例B由对比实例A的原纸制成。实例3-8与对比实例B类似地制造,不同的是,在原纸的制造过程中,如实例1所述以表2所示的量添加PVP。
对于每种类型的摩擦纸,确定了7个样品的平均物理性能,并汇总在表2中。
在120mm×10mm的摩擦纸试样上进行拉伸测试,卡盘距离为60mm。在沿着样品的三个点处测量厚度,将最接近断裂点的厚度用在计算中。在环境温度(约23℃)下以每分钟1mm的速度进行测试。排除了最高和最低拉伸值,并从剩余的五个样品中确定平均拉伸强度(下表2)。
表2
传统观点认为,随着纸的孔隙率增加,拉伸强度降低。对于摩擦纸,期望具有增加的拉伸强度而不损害孔隙率。出乎意料且令人惊讶地发现,将PVP添加到原纸浆粕中使得摩擦纸的拉伸值如此增加,同时保持可接受的孔隙率水平。约10重量%的PVP添加似乎提供了最佳的拉伸性能。
Claims (12)
1.一种纸,其由以下物质组成:基于所述纸的总重量的60重量%至99重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述纤维浆粕包含纤维;基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至40重量%的作为涂层存在于所述纤维的表面上的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上;和任选的填料或摩擦改性颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的纸,其由以下物质组成:80重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和2重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;和任选的填料或摩擦改性颗粒。
3.如权利要求1所述的纸,其由以下物质组成:80重量%至95重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和5重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;和任选的填料或摩擦改性颗粒。
4.如权利要求1所述的纸,其由以下物质组成:80重量%至90重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕和10重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;和任选的填料或摩擦改性颗粒。
5.如权利要求1所述的纸,其拉伸强度与平均葛尔莱透气度300cc值的比率为至少4.0MPa/s。
6.一种纸,其由以下物质组成:基于所述纸的总重量的60重量%至98重量%的芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕,所述纤维浆粕包含纤维;基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至30重量%的芳族聚酰胺絮凝物;基于所述纸的总重量的1重量%至20重量%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;和任选的填料或摩擦改性颗粒,其中所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为涂层存在于所述芳族聚酰胺纤维浆粕纤维和所述芳族聚酰胺絮凝物纤维的表面上,所述涂层既不以化学方式也不以静电方式结合到所述纤维上。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的纸,其中所述填料或摩擦改性颗粒是以下项中的一种或多种:二氧化硅、硅藻土、石墨、金属氧化物、金属氮化物、或金属碳化物。
8.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的纸,其中所述填料或摩擦改性颗粒是以下项中的一种或多种:二氧化硅、硅藻土、石墨、氧化铝、金属氮化物、或金属碳化物。
9.一种复合物,其包含40重量%至95重量%的如权利要求1所述的纸和5重量%至60重量%的树脂,其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂、硅树脂、聚酰亚胺或其组合。
10.如权利要求9所述的复合物,其包含60重量%至90重量%的如权利要求1所述的纸和10重量%至40重量%的所述树脂。
11.一种复合物,其包含40重量%至95重量%的如权利要求6所述的纸和5重量%至60重量%的树脂,其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂、硅树脂、聚酰亚胺或其组合。
12.如权利要求11所述的复合物,其包含60重量%至90重量%的如权利要求6所述的纸和10重量%至40重量%的所述树脂。
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