CN111519641B - Water stop box mold of cast-in-place concrete independent foundation and construction method - Google Patents
Water stop box mold of cast-in-place concrete independent foundation and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111519641B CN111519641B CN202010481096.3A CN202010481096A CN111519641B CN 111519641 B CN111519641 B CN 111519641B CN 202010481096 A CN202010481096 A CN 202010481096A CN 111519641 B CN111519641 B CN 111519641B
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- box
- bottom sealing
- sealing partition
- independent foundation
- plates
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000251133 Sphyrna tiburo Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a water stop box mould of an independent foundation of cast-in-place concrete, which comprises a box, wherein the top of the box is provided with a lifting lug, the bottom of the box is provided with a bottom sealing baffle plate, and the length and width dimensions of the box are matched with those of the independent foundation; the bottom sealing partition board is movably connected with the sleeve box through a hinge, a fixed structure is arranged on the bottom sealing partition board and is used for fixing the state that the bottom sealing partition board seals the bottom surface of the sleeve box, the construction method of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation is further related, the water stopping box mould is adopted in construction, the box moulds of the structure are hoisted into water according to the lofting positions of each preset independent foundation and are respectively placed at corresponding positions, and a back shovel excavator shovel head is adopted to uniformly strike the top of the box mould wall in the sinking process, so that the box mould is stably sunk into the preset elevation; dredging the box mold substrate; the bottom sealing partition plates are paved down, and the bolts are inserted into the fixing rings, so that the split blocks of the bottom sealing partition plates are mutually connected firmly; coating waterproof materials at the joint positions; and (3) hanging the bound reinforcement cage into a box die for fixing, and directly pouring concrete into the box die.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building construction device, in particular to a water stop box die device for a cast-in-place concrete independent foundation in riverbed and silt geology.
Background
In the prior art, in the aspects of shallower river beds and mucky soil geology, cast-in-place concrete independent foundation construction is carried out, and generally two methods are provided: firstly, constructing a foundation pit outside a foundation group, constructing cofferdams or waterproof curtains around the foundation pit, casting and creating working surfaces for each independent foundation, then adopting an excavator to remove silt of a river bed in the foundation pit range, binding reinforcing steel bars on the working surfaces, supporting templates, and finally carrying out concrete casting construction. Secondly, the island is built at the foundation position to form a platform surface layer, excavation is performed at the upper part according to foundation positioning, peripheral auxiliary precipitation is performed, drying in a foundation pit is guaranteed, foundation steel bars are bound, templates are supported, and independent foundation concrete pouring is performed.
The two methods have the defects that: 1) The water interception and stopping processes are complex, and the preparation work in the early stage is numerous; 2) The working procedures of water interception, material turnover, assembly and disassembly are more, and the construction cost is high; 3) The cross operation is more, and the construction speed is slow; 4) The sludge foundation pit has the advantages of more working procedures, long period and large potential safety hazard. The defects of cast-in-situ construction of the independent foundations on the conventional shoal river bed and the mucky soil are always puzzled by construction technicians, and the technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects existing in the construction of an independent cast-in-place concrete foundation in shoal riverbed and silt geology, and specifically comprises the following steps: on one hand, the preparation is more in the front stage, and on the other hand, the construction process is complex and the construction cost is high; the cross operation is more, and the potential safety hazard is big.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The water stop box mould of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation comprises a box formed by encircling four side plates, wherein the top of the box is provided with lifting lugs, the bottom of the box is provided with a bottom sealing partition plate, and the length and width dimensions of the box are matched with those of the independent foundation; the bottom sealing partition plate is movably connected with the sleeve box through a hinge, a fixing structure is arranged on the bottom sealing partition plate, and the fixing structure is used for fixing the state that the bottom sealing partition plate seals the bottom surface of the sleeve box.
The water-stop box die is applied to construction of cast-in-place concrete independent foundations on shoal river beds, and compared with the prior art: the water stop tank mould and the independent foundation are matched in size, and compared with the prior art, the water stop tank mould has small volume and low cost, and is easier to manufacture; the box mould is flexible to use, can be used for independently constructing a single foundation, has a small dredging range, and reduces the water interception process.
The following is a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
the bottom sealing partition plate is a rectangle formed by splicing a left composite plate and a right composite plate, the outer sides of the two composite plates are respectively connected with the side plates of the box through hinges, and the inner sides of the two composite plates are free ends which are opened and closed relatively.
The bottom sealing partition plate is a rectangle formed by splicing four triangular combined plates; the four combined plates are respectively connected with the bottom edges of the four side plates of the box through hinges, and the top angles of the four triangular combined plates are free ends which are relatively opened and closed.
The fixing structure consists of a fixing ring and a straight rod bolt, and the fixing ring is arranged at two sides of the split joint between the combined plates; a straight rod bolt crossing the splicing seam is arranged in the fixed ring.
The fixing ring is U-shaped, and the straight rod bolt pin rod is provided with a flat side surface which is attached to the bottom sealing partition plate.
The inner side of each side plate forming the sleeve box is provided with a hook which is connected with the free end of each combined plate of the bottom sealing partition plate through a pull rope.
The joint of the periphery of the bottom sealing partition plate and the sleeve box is provided with a twist seam material; the splicing seams of the combined plates spliced into the bottom sealing partition plate are provided with splicing seam materials.
The caulking material is a waterproof material or a waterproof adhesive tape coated on site.
The invention also provides a construction method of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation, wherein the water stop box mould is adopted in construction, and the concrete operation steps are as follows:
Firstly, manufacturing a sleeve box with matched size and waterproof periphery according to the length and width dimensions of an independent foundation;
secondly, welding lifting lugs on the outer walls of the tops of the side plates of the enclosure box, and welding and fixedly connecting hooks on the inner walls;
Thirdly, installing hinges at the bottoms of the side plates of the enclosure box, and fixedly connecting the combined plates of the bottom sealing partition plates with the hinges respectively to assemble a box die;
fourthly, welding fixing rings on two sides of the split joint of each combined board, and configuring straight rod type bolts with matched sizes;
Step five, hoisting each box mould into water, respectively placing the box moulds at the lofting positions of each preset independent foundation, and uniformly knocking the top of the wall of the box mould by adopting a back-shovel excavator in the sinking process so as to enable the box moulds to sink to the preset elevation stably;
sixthly, excavating the sludge on the base of the box die by adopting a grab excavator;
Seventhly, spreading the bottom sealing partition boards, inserting bolts into the fixing rings, and enabling all the split blocks of the bottom sealing partition boards to be firmly connected with each other;
Eighth step, smearing waterproof materials on the periphery of the bottom sealing partition board and the splicing seams of the combined boards;
and ninth, hanging the bound embedded reinforcement cage into the box molds and fixing, and pouring concrete into each box mold respectively.
Compared with the existing construction method, the construction method has the advantages that: the independent box mold has simple manufacturing process and low manufacturing cost; (2) The preparation work in the early stage of construction is less, the water interception work of the large cofferdam is omitted, and the construction speed is high; (3) The construction forms a dispersed array construction, the construction range is limited to be within each water stop box, the construction range is small, and the influence on the surrounding environment is small; and (4) no cross operation is performed, the construction procedures are few, and the speed is high. The construction method concept can be widely applied to more projects.
In the construction, a pull rope is adopted before the box mould is put into water, one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the hook, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the free ends of the combined plates of the bottom sealing partition plate, so that the combined plates are fixed in a upward leaning state.
In the construction, the grab excavator stretches into the box die to erase sludge at the bottom of the box die.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present water tank;
FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure of the bottom sealing partition of the water stop box;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second example of the structure of the bottom sealing partition of the water stop case;
FIG. 4 is a top view structure of the present water stop tank;
Fig. 5 shows a fixing and latching structure.
In the figure: the side plate 1, the hook 2, the lifting lug 3, the bottom sealing partition plate 4, the hinge 5, the fixing ring 6, the bolt 7 and the splicing seam 8.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a water stop box mould for a cast-in-place concrete independent foundation, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a box formed by encircling four side plates 1, wherein the top of the box is provided with a lifting lug 2, and the bottom of the box is provided with a bottom sealing partition plate 4. The lifting lug is used for lifting and moving the box die.
The length and width dimensions of the sleeve box are matched with those of the independent foundation; the bottom sealing partition board 4 is movably connected with the sleeve box through a hinge 5, and a fixing structure is arranged on the bottom sealing partition board 4 and used for fixing the plane of the bottom sealing partition board 4 so that the bottom sealing partition board seals the bottom surface of the sleeve box.
The bottom sealing partition plate is designed into a movable structure, so that the bottom of the box die is opened when the box die is filled with water, the water resistance is reduced, and the bottom sealing partition plate can close the bottom surface of the sleeve box after the position of the box die is fixed. Specifically, the bottom sealing partition board 4 is a structure formed by splicing a plurality of plates. Example one is shown in fig. 2, and the bottom sealing partition board 4 is formed by splicing left and right combined boards, the outer sides of the two combined boards are respectively connected with the side board 1 of the box through hinges 5, and the inner sides of the two combined boards are free ends which are opened and closed relatively. The second example is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the bottom sealing partition board 4 is a rectangle formed by splicing four triangular combined boards; the bottom edges of the side plates 1 forming the sleeve box are provided with hinges 5, the hinges 5 are connected with the triangular plates of the bottom sealing partition plate 4, and the top angles of the triangular plates are free ends capable of being opened and closed relatively. When the combined plates are folded, the combined plates are spliced into the plate surfaces of the bottom sealing partition plates 4, and the bottom of the sleeve box is restored to be closed. The back cover baffle can also be a whole plate surface which rotates by taking the hinge as an axis. The purpose of reducing the water resistance can be realized only by realizing the opening and closing change of the bottom surface of the sleeve box.
The fixed structure of the back cover baffle plate 4 is a structure for realizing the splicing and fixing functions of all the combined plates, and also a structure for realizing the sealing of the bottom of the sleeve box by the back cover baffle plate 4. Specifically, the fixing structure designed by the invention consists of a fixing ring 6 and a straight rod bolt 7. The fixed rings 6 are arranged at two sides of the split joint 8 between the combined plates; a latch 7 is mounted in the securing ring 6 across the splice joint 8. Preferably, the straight rod bolt 7 and the split joint 8 are mutually perpendicular. Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the fixing ring is horseshoe-shaped, and the straight rod bolt pin rod is provided with a flat side surface which is attached to the bottom sealing partition plate.
The bottom sealing partition board 4 is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve box through the hinge 5, and the bottom surface of the box body is kept in an open state when water is poured into the box body, but in the process, each combined board of the bottom sealing partition board 4 is not suitable to be in a sagging state, otherwise, the box mould is prevented from being poured into a bed (sitting into a river bed), and a limiting structure can be arranged for preventing the bottom sealing partition board 4 from sagging, wherein the limiting structure can limit the rotation degree of the hinge and also limit the bottom sealing partition board. The limiting structure takes a bottom sealing partition plate 4 formed by splicing four triangular plates as an example, the inner side of a side plate 1 of the sleeve box is provided with a structure of a hook 8 and a pull rope, one end of the pull rope is fixed on the hook 8, and the other end of the pull rope is fixed at the free end of the triangular plate. The pull rope lifts the combined plate to keep the combined plate in a upward leaning state, so that the triangular plate is prevented from sagging.
The bottom sealing partition board 4 of the water stop tank mold is of an underwater structure, further, a seam material is arranged at the joint seam between the periphery of the bottom sealing partition board 4 and the sleeve box, and the seam of each combined board spliced into the bottom sealing partition board 4 is also provided with the seam material. The caulking material ensures the sealing of the bottom of the box mold. The waterproof material can be a waterproof material smeared on site according to the trend of the split joint, or can be a waterproof adhesive tape manufactured according to the size of the split joint, and the waterproof adhesive tape is clamped between split blocks of two bottom sealing partition boards when in use.
The construction method of the water stop box mould applying the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation comprises the following steps:
Firstly, manufacturing a sleeve box with matched size and waterproof periphery according to the length and width dimensions of an independent foundation;
secondly, welding lifting lugs on the outer walls of the tops of the side plates of the enclosure box, and welding and fixedly connecting hooks on the inner walls;
Thirdly, installing hinges at the bottoms of the side plates of the enclosure box, and fixedly connecting the combined plates of the bottom sealing partition plates with the hinges respectively to assemble a box die;
fourthly, welding fixing rings on two sides of the split joint of each combined board, and configuring straight rod type bolts with matched sizes;
Step five, hoisting each box mould into water, respectively placing the box moulds at the lofting positions of each preset independent foundation, and uniformly knocking the top of the wall of the box mould by adopting a back-shovel excavator in the sinking process so as to enable the box moulds to sink to the preset elevation stably;
sixthly, excavating the sludge on the base of the box die by adopting a grab excavator;
Seventhly, spreading the bottom sealing partition boards, inserting bolts into the fixing rings, and enabling all the split blocks of the bottom sealing partition boards to be firmly connected with each other;
Eighth step, smearing waterproof materials on the periphery of the bottom sealing partition board and the splicing seams of the combined boards;
and ninth, hanging the bound embedded reinforcement cage into the box molds and fixing, and pouring concrete into each box mold respectively.
The construction method of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation of the riverbed and silt foundation is described in detail below by combining engineering examples. See fig. 1-4:
1. four steel plates 1400mm multiplied by 1500mm multiplied by 3mm (length multiplied by height multiplied by thickness) are adopted to form a sleeve box formed by enclosing four side plates 1 in a full-welded mode along the height direction, four lifting lugs 3 are welded on the outer wall of the top end of the sleeve box side plate 1, and a hook 2 is welded on each side of the inner wall. The hook is made of steel bars with the diameter of 6 mm. The bottom of the side plate is welded with a hinge 5, in this embodiment, each side plate 1 of the box is welded with two hinges 5 of 100mm×60mm×2 mm.
2. Finding a 2mm thick steel plate, cutting the steel plate into the bottom surface of the box along the size edge of the box, and cutting the steel plate into four triangular plates along the diagonal of the rectangular bottom sealing partition plate 4. The four triangular plates of the back cover partition plate 4 are firmly welded with the hinge 2 respectively, so that each triangular plate can be guaranteed to rotate.
3. The pull rope is fixed on the hooks 2 on the inner wall of the side plate around the sleeve box, and the other end of the pull rope is fixed on the free end of the triangular plate. The stay cord is used for guaranteeing that the back cover baffle is the open state in the elevation in-process of sinking to the stagnant water case mould, prevents that the triangle shaped board from falling suddenly.
4. Symmetrically starting welding two fixing rings 6 at the positions of 100mm on two sides of the bottom sealing partition board 4 along the diagonal splicing seam 8, wherein the diameter of each fixing ring 6 is 13mm, and welding two groups of bottom sealing partition boards 4 along the diagonal direction;
5. In construction, the water stopping box die device is sunk to a position with a designated elevation in a river bed and silt, a pull rope of the bottom sealing partition board 4 is taken off, four triangular plates are put down and put down, and a splicing seam 8 of the bottom sealing partition board 4 is sealed by a splicing seam material;
7. Bolts 7 are made of reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 12mm, and the bolts 7 are arranged in the four fixing rings 6 transversely across the splicing seams 8.
The invention is suitable for the construction of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation in the river bed, and has the advantages compared with the prior construction method that: 1) The independent box mold has simple manufacturing process and low manufacturing cost; 2) The preparation work in the early stage of construction is less, the water interception work of the large cofferdam is omitted, and the construction speed is high; 3) The construction forms a dispersed array construction, the construction range is limited to be within each water stop box, the construction range is small, and the influence on the surrounding environment is small; 4) The method has the advantages of no cross operation, few construction procedures and high speed. The construction method concept can be widely applied to more projects.
Claims (4)
1. The construction method of the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation comprises the steps that a water stop tank mold adopted in construction comprises a sleeve formed by encircling four side plates, a lifting lug is arranged at the top of the sleeve, a bottom sealing partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve, and the length and width dimensions of the sleeve are identical with those of the independent foundation; the bottom sealing partition plate is movably connected with the sleeve box through a hinge, and is characterized in that: the bottom sealing partition plate is rectangular formed by splicing left and right combined plates, the outer sides of the two combined plates are respectively connected with the side plates of the box by hinges, the inner sides of the two combined plates are free ends which are opened and closed relatively, the bottom sealing partition plate is provided with a fixing structure which is used for fixing the state that the bottom sealing partition plate seals the bottom surface of the box,
The specific operation steps are as follows:
Firstly, manufacturing a sleeve box with matched size and waterproof periphery according to the length and width dimensions of an independent foundation;
secondly, welding lifting lugs on the outer walls of the tops of the side plates of the enclosure box, and welding and fixedly connecting hooks on the inner walls;
Thirdly, installing hinges at the bottoms of the side plates of the enclosure box, and fixedly connecting the combined plates of the bottom sealing partition plates with the hinges respectively to assemble a box die;
fourthly, welding fixing rings on two sides of the split joint of each combined board, and configuring straight rod type bolts with matched sizes;
Step five, hoisting each box mould into water, respectively placing the box moulds at the lofting positions of each preset independent foundation, and uniformly knocking the top of the wall of the box mould by adopting a back-shovel excavator in the sinking process so as to enable the box moulds to sink to the preset elevation stably;
sixthly, excavating the sludge on the base of the box die by adopting a grab excavator;
Seventhly, spreading the bottom sealing partition boards, inserting bolts into the fixing rings, and enabling all the split blocks of the bottom sealing partition boards to be firmly connected with each other;
Eighth step, smearing waterproof materials on the periphery of the bottom sealing partition board and the splicing seams of the combined boards;
and ninth, hanging the bound embedded reinforcement cage into the box molds and fixing, and pouring concrete into each box mold respectively.
2. The method for constructing the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom sealing partition plate is a rectangle formed by splicing four triangular combined plates; the four combined plates are respectively connected with the bottom edges of the four side plates of the box through hinges, and the top angles of the four triangular combined plates are free ends which are relatively opened and closed.
3. The method for constructing the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing ring is U-shaped, and the straight rod bolt pin rod is provided with a flat side surface which is attached to the bottom sealing partition plate.
4. The method for constructing the cast-in-place concrete independent foundation according to claim 1, wherein: in construction, a pull rope is adopted before the box mould is put into water, one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the hook, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the free ends of the composition boards of the bottom sealing partition plate, so that the composition boards are fixed in a upward leaning state.
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CN202010481096.3A CN111519641B (en) | 2020-05-31 | 2020-05-31 | Water stop box mold of cast-in-place concrete independent foundation and construction method |
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CN202010481096.3A CN111519641B (en) | 2020-05-31 | 2020-05-31 | Water stop box mold of cast-in-place concrete independent foundation and construction method |
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CN111519641B true CN111519641B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
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CN207485449U (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-06-12 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of formwork jumbo for construction |
CN110374120A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-25 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | A kind of precast-boxed cofferdam monoblock type is put more energy into back cover construction method |
CN212316967U (en) * | 2020-05-31 | 2021-01-08 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Water stopping tank mould of cast-in-place concrete independent foundation |
-
2020
- 2020-05-31 CN CN202010481096.3A patent/CN111519641B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101172356A (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2008-05-07 | 邱则有 | A formwork component shaping mould |
CN101293378A (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2008-10-29 | 邱则有 | Mould shell component shaping mould |
CN205668317U (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-02 | 中铁三局集团有限公司 | Isolated gate mixes earth column mould |
CN207485449U (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-06-12 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of formwork jumbo for construction |
CN110374120A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-25 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | A kind of precast-boxed cofferdam monoblock type is put more energy into back cover construction method |
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