CN111518180B - 一种结核病候选疫苗融合蛋白 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种结核分枝杆菌ESAT6基因与RV1498a基因嵌合蛋白Dodecin‑ESAT6候选疫苗的构建及其免疫原性研究,即利用基因工程技术将结核分枝杆菌ESAT6基因与RV1498a基因序列插入到同一大肠杆菌质粒pET28a的序列中,构建重组质粒rpET28a:RV1498a‑ESAT6。然后采用热激转化的方法将上述载体导入大肠杆菌,表达融合蛋白Dodecin‑ESAT6。本发明构建表达融合蛋白Dodecin‑ESAT6,其免疫原性优于ESAT6。本发明提供了一种融合蛋白Dodecin‑ESAT6的制备过程,并研究了其免疫原性,属于基因工程领域和结核疫苗领域。本发明将更有效的预防结核病的发生及传播。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及基因工程领域和新型结核疫苗领域,具体涉及一种融合蛋白。
背景技术:
结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是一种严重危害人体健康的慢性传染病,由分枝杆菌(主要是结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis),又称“结核杆菌”(tuberclebacillus)导致。近年来人口流动、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)与结核杆菌共感染、结核杆菌多重耐药性,等因素给结核病的防治提出了新的挑战。卡介苗(Bacille Calmette Guerin,BCG)是目前唯一用于预防结核病的疫苗,但是其免疫保护效果极不稳定,不同地区的人群接种BCG后其免疫保护作用差异很大(保护率为0-80%不等),亟需开发比BCG更为有效的结核病疫苗。
结核分枝杆菌6kD早期分泌抗原(6kDa early secreted antigenic target,ESAT6)是由RD(Regions of deletion,RD)1区的RV3875基因编码,该区只存在于少数致病性分枝杆菌基因组中,是BCG减毒传代过程中最先缺失的一段区域,与结核分枝杆菌毒力和抗原性相关,能被宿主免疫系统高度识别。ESAT6是RD1区编码的关键毒力蛋白,RD区缺失或敲除ESAT6会导致结核分枝杆菌毒力衰减,ESAT6可以诱发PPD皮肤试验阳性者的外周血单个核细胞出现增殖反应并产生IFN-γ,继而活化巨噬细胞,提高巨噬细胞对胞内结核菌的生长抑制作用和杀伤能力,可望成为新疫苗研制的主要候选分子。ESAT6编码基因中含有多个T细胞表位,而且每个位点都能诱发T细胞反应。ESAT6的B细胞表位位于多肽链N端,其中心区域与T细胞表位的中心序列相同。ESAT6因其较强的细胞免疫活性及独特的编码基因序列,有望成为新型疫苗的候选基因。Brandt等人将ESAT6蛋白质与佐剂二甲基双十八烷基溴化铵(DDA)及单磷脂A(MPL)混合皮下注射免疫小鼠,结果显示ESAT6可作为抗结核亚单位疫苗的有效成分。Olsen等人发现加入DDA和MPL佐剂的ESAT6具有和BCG同等的保护效果。
Dodecin蛋白位于结核分枝杆菌基因组lipL基因附近,在结核分枝杆菌培养上清和培养基滤液和中被检测到,研究表明结核分枝杆菌Dodecin蛋白是可溶性分泌蛋白,Dodecin蛋白由结核分枝杆菌Rv1498a基因编码,研究表明其以十二聚体形式存在,可以耐受100℃温度不改变其多聚体结构。机体对结核病的免疫主要通过细胞免疫来完成,能引起免疫应答的抗原通常为大分蛋白,分子量小于10kd蛋白免疫原性极弱,不加佐剂ESAT6的只能诱导很弱的细胞免疫,可能与其分子量小有关。将Dodecin蛋白与ESAT6蛋白组成融合蛋白,不仅极大提高了分子量,而且通过多聚体形式成倍增加了ESAT6抗原表位,可以极大地提高免疫原性,克服Esat6蛋白免疫原性低的缺点,通过融合蛋白形式诱导强的细胞反应,选择其作为分子佐剂与结核分枝杆菌免疫关键抗原ESAT6重组,通过大肠杆菌原核表达可能具有更好的免疫原性和保护力的Dodecin-ESAT6融合蛋白作为候选疫苗,对今后结核新疫苗的开发、发病机制的研究及结核病的防治有重大意义。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种结核病候选疫苗融合蛋白和制备方法。
根据Genbank中报道的ESAT6和Rv1498a基因CDS序列设计引物,分别扩增ESAT6和Rv1498a基因,用SOE法(重叠延伸,Gene splicing by overlap extension)进一步扩增Rv1498a-ESAT6嵌合基因,将此嵌合基因与大肠杆菌质粒pet28a同时双酶切插入质粒的多克隆位点处,构建重组质粒Rv1498a-ESAT6,先用卡那霉素筛选阳性重组子,再用PCR、基因序列分析进行鉴定。
从-80℃冰箱中取出大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,置于冰上融化三分钟,加入10ul之前连接好的Rv1498a-ESAT6质粒,放于冰上静置30min,然后迅速将其放入42℃水浴锅中热激85s,冰浴3min,加入无抗LB液体培养基,振荡培养1h。将菌液吹均匀,滴到含有卡那霉素抗性LB固体培养基中,涂布均匀后,倒置于37℃细菌培养箱,中培养次日查看。在固体培养板上挑选圆形菌落。加入细菌裂解液中,离心取上清作菌落PCR。将阳性克隆使用IPTG诱导表达,集菌裂解,将裂解液上清收集并用HIS trap亲和层析柱纯化。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明得到Dodecin-ESAT6融合蛋白。
本发明的候选疫苗融合蛋白具有以下优势:
1、重组表达了结核分枝杆菌关键抗原ESAT6。
2、将人Rv1498a基因与ESAT6通过基因工程技术融合在一起。
3、能稳定的在大肠杆菌表达外源蛋白Dodecin-ESAT6。
4、重组疫苗的免疫原性优于ESAT6。
附图说明:
图1为Rv1498a基因、Esat6基因和Rv1498a-ESAT6嵌合基因的PCR图。1,DNA分子量标准;2,Esat6条带;3,Rv1498a条带;4,Rv1498a-ESAT6条带。
图2为rpET28a:Rv1498a-ESAT6菌落PCR鉴定图。1,DNA分子量标准;2、3,rpET28a:Rv1498a-ESAT6重组大肠杆菌。
图3为pET28a的质粒图谱。
图4为SDS-page检测纯化后Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白。1,蛋白分子量标准。2,纯化后Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白。
图5为Western-blot检测纯化后Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白。1,蛋白分子量标准。2,纯化后Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白Western-blot检测。
图6细胞培养上清中TNF-a、IL-12p40水平。
具体实施方式:
1.实验主要试剂
培养基试剂:胰蛋白胨(Tryptone)、酵母提取物(Yeast Extract)购自于英国Oxoid公司;
基因克隆试剂:NdeI、Hind III限制性内切酶、T4DNA连接酶均购自于德国Thermo公司;dNTP、rTaq酶购自Takara公司;E.Z.N.A.Plasmid Mini Kit I、E.Z.N.A.GelExtraction Kit均购自于美国Omega公司;PCR引物由上海生工生物公司合成;pet28a载体、H37Rv株基因组本实验室保存;BL21(DE3)感受态均购于上海生工生物公司;RPMI1640培养基和胎牛血清购自Gibco公司。Esat6单克隆抗体购自美国Santa Cruz公司;细胞因子ELISA试剂盒购自博欣盛公司。内毒素去除试剂盒ToxinEraser购自金斯瑞公司;
抗生素:卡那霉素(kanamycin)购自于北京Solarbio公司;
诱导剂:异丙基-β-d-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside,IPTG)购自于中国阿拉丁公司;
2.实验步骤
2.1PCR扩增
根据Genbank中报道的Rv1498a和Esat6基因CDS序列设计2对引物,引物序列为:Rv1498a上游:5’-GGAATTCCATatgagcaatcacacc-3’,Rv1498a下游:5’-cgcctggaggattccga attcatgacagagcagcag-3’,上游黑体字是NdeI的酶切位点,下游删除终止密码子,下划线部分是含有36个碱基的linker序列。Esat6上游:5’-ctgctgctctgtcatgaattcggaatcctccagg cg-3’,Esat6下游:5’-CCCAAGCTTctatgcgaacatccc-3’,上游下划线部分是含有36个碱基互补的linker序列,下游黑体字是HindⅢ的酶切位点。结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板,分别PCR扩增Rv1498a基因和Esat6基因。Rv1498a基因PCR扩增体系:总体积为50μL,5×PCR Buffer 10μL,dNTP 4μL(dATP,dGTP,dCTP,dTTP各10mmoL/L),H37Rv株基因组DNA 1μL,Rv1498a基因上下游引物各1μL,rTaq DNA聚合酶1U,去离子水32.5μL。PCR反应条件如下:95℃预变性5分钟,94℃变性30秒,57℃复性45秒,72℃延伸1分钟,30个循环,72℃延伸10分钟。Esat6PCR扩增方法同上。以扩增得到的Esat6、Rv1498a基因为模板,Rv1498a上游引物和Esat6下游引物,使用上述PCR方法扩增得到Rv1498a-ESAT6基因(图1)。
2.2酶切
将含pET28a质粒、Rv1498a-ESAT6基因分别进行HindIII、NdeI双酶切,酶切体系及反应条件参照下表进行:
加好后用手指充分弹均匀,轻微离心,置于37度恒温水浴锅酶切2小时。将所得酶切产物用琼脂糖凝胶分离,切胶后使用美国OMEGA E.Z.N.A.Gel Extraction Kit回收纯化,所得产物-20保存备用。
2.3目的基因的连接
将酶切、纯化后的pET28a与目的基因Rv1498a-ESAT6片段片段连接,使用下表连接体系:
按照上述体系加好后轻轻涡旋震荡,离心后置于PCR仪器中16度连接4h,得到Dodecin-ESAT6重组质粒。
2.4重组质粒的转化
从-80℃冰箱中取出大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,置于冰上融化三分钟,加入10ul之前连接好的Dodecin-ESAT6质粒,轻轻弹匀后迅速放于冰上静置30min,然后迅速将其放入42℃水浴锅中热激85s,冰浴3min,加入750ul无抗LB液体培养基,置于37℃摇床220rpm,振荡培养1h。将菌液4500rpm,离心5min,吸取750μl清液后将剩余液体吹均匀,滴到含有25μg/ml卡那霉素LB固体培养基中,涂布均匀后,倒置于37℃细菌培养箱,中培养12-16h次日检查看。
2.5菌落PCR挑选阳性克隆
在固体培养板上挑选边缘清晰的圆形菌落到0.5ml EP管中。加入20ul含有10mMTris-HCL PH8.0和0.1%Triton 100的细菌裂解液中,放入沸水中煮5分钟。10000转离心3分,用移液枪将上清1ul作菌落PCR。所用10ul菌落PCR体系如下:
PCR结束后用琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定阳性克隆(图2)及测序。
2.6细菌的培养和诱导表达
(1)将Dodecin-ESAT6菌种从-80度冰箱取出,划线具卡那抗性的固体培养基上,置于恒温培养箱37度培养16h。
(2)第二日将LB平板取出,挑取圆形菌落接种于5ml带有卡那抗性的液体培养基37度,220转震荡培养16h。
(3)第三天取出5ml菌液,接种于300ml带有卡那抗性的液体培养基中37度,220转震荡培养1小时。
(4)每隔一段时间取样测定菌液的OD600值,当达到0.6时,向培养基中加入终浓度为0.5-1mM的IPTG,30度,220转,诱导培养10小时。取样期间要注意无菌操作避免污染菌液。
(5)将诱导培养完毕的菌液收集离心管中,使用4度离心机13400转离心1min收集菌液,弃掉上清,反复收集完毕所有菌体。
2.7超声破碎提取总蛋白
(1)将收集好的菌体使用20ml的20mM Tris-Hcl PH7.4,1mM氯化镁的Buffer A洗涤液重悬菌体。
(2)8000rpm离心2分钟,弃掉上清。
(3)用上述缓冲液20ml将菌液重悬。
(4)打开超声破碎仪,使用直径为5mm的超声探头,将变幅杆调到对应的档位,设定程序,功率95%,超声6s,停6s,共超声30分钟。
(5)设定好程序后打开超声仓,将含有大量菌液的离心管放置在冰上,然后放到超声仓中固定,盖上舱门,开始超声。超声完毕后菌液应该由浑浊变为澄清,说明超声完全,超声避免有大量气泡产生。
(6)将超声完毕的菌液使用4度离心机13000rpm离心2min,收集上清蛋白质溶液存于-20度冰箱待用。
2.8Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白的纯化
(1)将1mlNi-NTA亲和层析柱从4度冰箱取出,将AKTA Primer纯化仪打开,选择manual run,设定流速为0.5ml/min,设定上限柱压为0.4MPa。
(2)将Ni-NTA亲和层析柱安装到纯化仪上,安装时要避免气泡进入柱子中。
(3)使用10倍体积的平衡缓冲液(20mM Tris-HCl pH7.4,0.5M NaCl,10mM咪唑)平衡层析柱,等OD280处的紫外吸收峰不在下降时将度数调零。
(4)将裂解总蛋白从进液口A上样。调节其流速为0.5ml/min。
(5)等待上样完毕后继续用10-20倍体积的平衡缓冲液缓冲液清洗直到OD280吸光度值不再下降。
(6)使用含有50、100、200mM咪唑的平衡缓冲液进行梯度洗脱,设定流速为1ml/min。
(7)将洗脱下的Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白收集。
将收集好的Dodecin-ESAT6蛋白超滤浓缩,对其进行SDS-PAGE检测(图4)、Western-blot检测(图5)。使用内毒素去除试剂盒去除内毒素后保存于-80度冰箱。
2.9细胞因子的诱生
将Dodecin-ESAT6融合蛋白、Esat6蛋白、PBS分别加入铺有1E6cells/well的THP-1细胞24孔细胞培养板中,置于37℃5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养24h,4000rpm离心收集细胞培养上清,用ELISA试剂盒检测TNF-a、IL-12p40的分泌(图6)。结果表明:Dodecin-ESAT6融合蛋白相比于Esat6,显著提高了人巨噬细胞促炎因子TNF-a(P<0.001),IL-12p40(P<0.05)的分泌。
结论
成功表达人Dodecin-ESAT6融合蛋白,并且其免疫原性优于ESAT6,为研制具有特异性抗结核杆菌免疫保护和佐剂增强双重效应的新型疫苗奠定了基础。
序列表
<110> 四川大学
<120> 一种结核病候选疫苗融合蛋白
<130> NA
<141> 2020-04-10
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 504
<212> DNA
<213> Mycobacterium tuberculosis
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(210)
<223> RV1498a without stop codon
<220>
<221> gene
<222> (217)..(504)
<223> ESAT6 gene
<400> 1
atgagcaatc acacctaccg agtgatcgag atcgtcggga cctcgcccga cggcgtcgac 60
gcggcaatcc agggcggtct ggcccgagct gcgcagacca tgcgcgcgct ggactggttc 120
gaagtacagt caattcgagg ccacctggtc gacggagcgg tcgcgcactt ccaggtgact 180
atgaaagtcg gcttccgcct ggaggattcc gaattcatga cagagcagca gtggaatttc 240
gcgggtatcg aggccgcggc aagcgcaatc cagggaaatg tcacgtccat tcattccctc 300
cttgacgagg ggaagcagtc cctgaccaag ctcgcagcgg cctggggcgg tagcggttcg 360
gaggcgtacc agggtgtcca gcaaaaatgg gacgccacgg ctaccgagct gaacaacgcg 420
ctgcagaacc tggcgcggac gatcagcgaa gccggtcagg caatggcttc gaccgaaggc 480
aacgtcactg ggatgttcgc atag 504
Claims (3)
1.一种重组蛋白Dodecin-ESAT6,其特征在于,Dodecin-ESAT6由结核分枝杆菌Rv1498a-Rv3875嵌合基因编码。
2.如权利要求1所述的重组蛋白Dodecin-ESAT6,其特征在于,由结核分枝杆菌抗原ESAT6和结核分枝杆菌多聚体蛋白Dodecin组成的融合蛋白。
3.如权利要求1所述的重组蛋白Dodecin-ESAT6的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法需具备以下几个步骤:
(1)结核分枝杆菌Rv3875、Rv1498a基因的扩增;
(2)使用重叠延伸法对Rv1498a-Rv3875嵌合基因的扩增;
(3)将Rv1498a-Rv3875嵌合基因插入至大肠杆菌质粒pet28a中,构建rpET28aRv1498a-Rv3875重组质粒;
(4)将(3)中的重组质粒热激转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);
(5)用卡那霉素进行筛选;
(6)用菌落PCR筛选阳性克隆及测序鉴定;
(7)IPTG诱导后收集细菌蛋白,Western-blot鉴定Dodecin-ESAT6重组蛋白。
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