CN111516304B - 一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111516304B
CN111516304B CN202010200191.1A CN202010200191A CN111516304B CN 111516304 B CN111516304 B CN 111516304B CN 202010200191 A CN202010200191 A CN 202010200191A CN 111516304 B CN111516304 B CN 111516304B
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composite
equipment module
interior trim
trim panel
pressing
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CN111516304A (zh
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庄理少
徐松
方勇
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Jiangyin Yanli Automobile Decorative Parts Stock Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，所述复合纤维内饰板包括底层、中间层、面层以及设于所述面层外表面的装饰层，所述底层和面层均为熔喷多孔丙纶布，所述装饰层为针刺多孔装饰面料，所述中间层为两侧以上叠合连接的复合麻纤维毡，且所述复合麻纤维毡中的纤维为中空丙纶纤维与麻纤维的混合纤维。所述制备工艺包括设置一套复合纤维内饰板的生产线，所述复合纤维内饰板的生产线包括复合热压设备模块，所述复合热压设备模块上配置有热压展平装置。本发明制备的复合纤维内饰板具有重量轻、表面质量好、绿色环保等优势。

Description

一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车内饰板技术领域，具体涉及一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺。
背景技术
麻纤维复合板是一种由植物麻纤维和高分子PP纤维复合而成的环保型板材，其是采用无胶复合技术，具有环保、质轻、强度高、韧性好、阻燃性优良等优势，且克服了传统复合装饰板材会释放甲醛和VOC(挥发性有机化合物)的弊端。
在汽车零部件等工业领域中使用的纤维增强复合材料中，常采用化学纤维增强热塑性基体来制造车门内板、行李箱、顶棚、仪表盘、挡泥板衬、扰流板等。其中的化学纤维常采用玻璃纤维、芳纶等，其缺点是脆性大、环保性差，且其密度相对较大，重量较重。例如玻璃纤维的密度为2.4～2.76g/cm3，芳纶的密度为1.37～1.44g/cm3，而重量较重的内饰板不利于汽车能耗的降低和动力性能的提高。
另外，传统玻璃纤维增强复合材料的汽车内饰板也存在着可回收性能不佳和制造环保问题，因此无法适应汽车行业的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要克服传统木质或玻璃纤维汽车内饰板的不足，研制出一种符合汽车内饰件的要求的产品，在保证产品低密度的前提下，产品面料与基材不分层，有较高的剥离强度，较好的平整度，较低的有害物质排放，符合人体健康要求。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提出一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，具体的技术方案如下：
一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板，包括底层、中间层、面层以及设于所述面层外表面的装饰层，所述底层和面层均为熔喷多孔丙纶布，所述装饰层为针刺多孔装饰面料，所述中间层为两侧以上叠合连接的复合麻纤维毡，且所述复合麻纤维毡中的纤维为中空丙纶纤维与麻纤维的混合纤维。
上述所述底层和面层采用熔喷多孔丙纶布，装饰层采用针刺多孔装饰面料，有利于热压复合时避免表面气泡的产生，从而提高复合纤维内饰板的表面质量。另外，采用中空丙纶纤维可以有效减轻复合纤维内饰板的重量，实现内饰板的轻量化。
一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，包括设置一套复合纤维内饰板的生产线，所述复合纤维内饰板的生产线包括按照生产的流程依次布置的纤维预处理设备模块、纤维混合成网设备模块、纤维针刺成毡设备模块、真空去异味烘干一体化设备模块、麻毡叠层预热设备模块、复合热压设备模块；其中，所述复合热压设备模块上配置有热压展平装置。
优选的，所述热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的生产线还包括布置在所述复合热压设备模块之后的切边设备模块。
优选的，所述热压展平装置包括设置在所述复合热压设备模块压头上的耐高温硅橡胶压板、一体化的连接在所述硅橡胶压板四周外围的环形硅橡胶空心胎、设置在所述环形硅橡胶空心胎上的气嘴。
使用所述复合热压设备模块进行热压时，在热压复合的初始阶段，其压头下压动作与热压展平装置相联动，通过气嘴向环形硅橡胶空心胎内缓慢充入一定量压缩空气，使得环形硅橡胶空心胎逐渐向外膨胀，拉动硅橡胶压板向四周逐渐微量展开，从而可以使得面料始终处于展平状态，该展平动作与装饰层的多孔结构相互协同，降低了其表面鼓包风险，并使得产品的面料有较好的平整度。
优选的，所述纤维预处理设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的开包机、粗开松机、除尘系统、高速精梳机。
优选的，所述纤维混合成网设备模块包括气流成网机。
优选的，所述纤维针刺成毡设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的预刺机和主刺机。
本发明的有益效果是：
第一，本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，复合麻纤维毡中的纤维为中空丙纶纤维与麻纤维的混合纤维，使得制成的复合纤维内饰板重量轻，可以使汽车质量减小，利于节能减排。
第二，本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，产品装饰层的面料通过丙纶布与内饰板基材热压连接，具有较高的剥离强度。
第三，本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，装饰层采用针刺多孔装饰面料，面层采用熔喷多孔丙纶布，配合热压连接时采用特殊设计的热压展平装置，两者相互协同，能够使面料与基材热压复合时两者之间无气体，降低其表面鼓包风险，并使得产品的面料有较好的平整度。
第四，本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板及制备工艺，可以代替稀缺的原木材料，其采用的麻纤维和中空PP纤维无有害气味排放，可降解和循环利用，符合人体健康要求和绿色环保要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的结构示意图；
图2是本发明中的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板生产线的示意图；
图3是图2中的热压展平装置的结构示意图。
图中：1、底层，2、中间层，3、面层、4、装饰层(针刺多孔装饰面料)，5、复合麻纤维毡(麻纤维+中空PP纤维)。
图中：6、热压展平装置，7、复合热压设备模块压头，8、耐高温硅橡胶压板，9、环形硅橡胶空心胎，10、气嘴，11、复合热压设备模块工作台，12、复合纤维内饰板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
如图1至3所示为本发明的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的实施例，包括底层1、中间层2、面层3以及设于所述面层3外表面的装饰层4，所述底层1和面层3均为熔喷多孔丙纶布，所述装饰层4为针刺多孔装饰面料，所述中间层2为两侧以上叠合连接的复合麻纤维毡5，且所述复合麻纤维毡5中的纤维为中空丙纶纤维与麻纤维的混合纤维。
上述所述底层1和面层3采用熔喷多孔丙纶布，装饰层采用针刺多孔装饰面料，有利于热压复合时避免表面气泡的产生，从而提高复合纤维内饰板的表面质量。另外，采用中空丙纶纤维可以有效减轻复合纤维内饰板的重量，实现内饰板的轻量化。
实施例2：
一种采用实施例1的热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，包括设置一套复合纤维内饰板的生产线，所述复合纤维内饰板的生产线包括按照生产的流程依次布置的纤维预处理设备模块、纤维混合成网设备模块、纤维针刺成毡设备模块、真空去异味烘干一体化设备模块、麻毡叠层预热设备模块、复合热压设备模块；其中，所述复合热压设备模块上配置有热压展平装置。
优选的，所述热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的生产线还包括布置在所述复合热压设备模块之后的切边设备模块。
优选的，所述热压展平装置6包括设置在所述复合热压设备模块压头7上的耐高温硅橡胶压板8、一体化的连接在所述硅橡胶压板8四周外围的环形硅橡胶空心胎9、设置在所述环形硅橡胶空心胎9上的气嘴10。
本实施例中，所述环形硅橡胶空心胎9为圆环形硅橡胶空心胎。
使用所述复合热压设备模块进行热压时，在热压复合的初始阶段，其压头7下压动作与热压展平装置6相联动，通过气嘴10向环形硅橡胶空心胎9内缓慢充入一定量压缩空气，使得环形硅橡胶空心胎9向外膨胀，拉动硅橡胶压板8向四周逐渐微量展开，从而可以使得面料始终处于展平状态，该展平动作与装饰层的多孔结构相互协同，降低了其表面鼓包风险，并使得产品的面料有较好的平整度。
优选的，所述纤维预处理设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的开包机、粗开松机、除尘系统、高速精梳机。
优选的，所述纤维混合成网设备模块包括气流成网机。
优选的，所述纤维针刺成毡设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的预刺机和主刺机。
实施例3：
采用实施例1和实施例2制备的热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板按相关标准进行性能测试，其结果如下：
Figure BDA0002419103070000051
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板包括底层、中间层、面层以及设于所述面层外表面的装饰层，所述底层和面层均为熔喷多孔丙纶布，所述装饰层为针刺多孔装饰面料，所述中间层为两层以上叠合连接的复合麻纤维毡，且所述复合麻纤维毡中的纤维为中空丙纶纤维与麻纤维的混合纤维；
所述制备工艺包括设置一套复合纤维内饰板的生产线，所述复合纤维内饰板的生产线包括按照生产的流程依次布置的纤维预处理设备模块、纤维混合成网设备模块、纤维针刺成毡设备模块、真空去异味烘干一体化设备模块、麻毡叠层预热设备模块、复合热压设备模块；其中，所述复合热压设备模块上配置有热压展平装置，所述热压展平装置包括设置在所述复合热压设备模块压头上的耐高温硅橡胶压板、一体化的连接在所述硅橡胶压板四周外围的环形硅橡胶空心胎、设置在所述环形硅橡胶空心胎上的气嘴；
使用所述复合热压设备模块进行热压时，在热压复合的初始阶段，其复合热压设备模块上的压头下压动作与热压展平装置相联动，通过气嘴向环形硅橡胶空心胎内缓慢充入一定量压缩空气，使得环形硅橡胶空心胎逐渐向外膨胀，拉动硅橡胶压板向四周逐渐微量展开，使得面料始终处于展平状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述复合纤维内饰板的生产线还包括布置在所述复合热压设备模块之后的切边设备模块。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述纤维预处理设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的开包机、粗开松机、除尘系统、高速精梳机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述纤维混合成网设备模块包括气流成网机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性天然复合纤维内饰板的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述纤维针刺成毡设备模块包括按照生产的流程依次布置的预刺机和主刺机。
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