CN111515394A - 一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱 - Google Patents

一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱 Download PDF

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CN111515394A
CN111515394A CN202010420021.4A CN202010420021A CN111515394A CN 111515394 A CN111515394 A CN 111515394A CN 202010420021 A CN202010420021 A CN 202010420021A CN 111515394 A CN111515394 A CN 111515394A
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杨森
刘子阳
王广原
秦渊
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,该保护箱大大缩短了准备时间,提高了工作效率,节省了惰性气体的用气量,降低了加工成本,简化了操作过程。本发明适用于加工平台固定、激光器随机器人自由运动的激光加工,特别适用于具有高温易氧化特性材料的激光熔覆及立体成形过程。针对送粉式激光立体成形还具有离焦量校准功能,可以保证激光增材制造中的实验稳定性,保证成形件的加工质量。加之箱体体积小,重量轻,具有优秀的节能、环保、易于搬运的特点。

Description

一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱
技术领域
本发明属于激光立体成形及修复领域,涉及一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱。
背景技术
在进行激光增材制造时,被加工材料的高温氧化是影响加工质量和产品性能的重要问题。在采用送粉方式的激光熔覆与激光立体成形加工中,当熔覆材料或基底材料为难熔金属等高温易氧化材料时,需要解决加工过程中的氧化问题。现有的防氧化方法主要靠增加惰性气体或真空保护装置。一类是将整个激光加工系统(包括激光器,平台,机器人等)全部包含在内的真空保护室,其优点是保护效果好,但每次实验需要耗费的惰性气体量大,同时实验前抽真空的时间长的缺点。另一类是采用小型的惰性气体保护箱或真空箱来进行加工气氛保护,其优点是所需气体量少,充气或抽真空时间短,是近年来较被采用的一种方法。但这种方法的现有技术大多采用激光束不移动,保护箱体内置可移动加工平台或者利用振镜移动激光束的方法来实现,这类方法存在一定局限性,如不适用于需要通过配套工业机器人来实现的柔性激光加工作业,以及采用送粉方式的激光熔覆成形和激光立体成形加工。
专利一种激光立体成形设备的惰性气氛保护室(CN 103894609 B)公开了一种简易的激光立体成形设备的惰性气氛保护室,用于金属材料的立体成形加工和激光熔覆成形。
上述激光立体成形设备的惰性气氛保护室存在以下缺陷:
(1)需要对原有激光喷嘴进行加工才能进行某些零部件的装配;
(2)仅通过胶带捆扎进行密封,难以保证保护箱和激光设备之间的气密性;
(3)加工时无法保证离焦量参数的稳定性,无法调整激光器与沉积试样最上端的距离为定值。
上述缺陷至今为止,现有保护箱装置和方法未能实现小型激光立体成形气氛保护箱中离焦量参数的准确控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其所有的装配零部件适用于各类激光器且不需要对激光器进行加工,保证实验中离焦量参数的稳定,本发明的另一目的在于提供一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱的使用方法,为了提高成形件加工质量,节省惰性气体的用气量,降低加工成本,简化操作过程。
为实现本发明目的而采用的技术方案如下:
一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,该保护气氛箱具体包括如下:
箱体由304不锈钢薄板制作而成,箱体的长宽高分别为45cm*38cm*30cm,箱体重量约12kg;箱体的顶部中间有一直径8cm的圆环开口,圆环开口和激光器及同轴送粉头之间通过柔性薄膜连接,圆环开口与柔性薄膜的连接部位有夹紧密封装置。箱体加工腔为密闭腔,与外界实现气密封。
进一步,箱体前侧有操作可视窗,由透明材料制成,可实时观察箱内加工情况,窗口有氧含量表和温度表,用与监测箱内气氛状态和温度。
进一步,在同轴送粉头上装配有可拆卸的挡尘圆环片和挡尘罩,用于防止加工时高温粉末与柔性薄膜接触。
进一步,在挡尘圆环片装配有可拆卸的离焦量校准器,透过操作可视窗实时观察箱内加工情况并调整同轴送粉头高度,保证加工过程中离焦量参数的稳定。
进一步,箱体右侧板上有排气阀门,用来排出空气。所述箱体左侧板上有进气阀门,用来输入保护气体。
进一步,箱体上部有气压表,用来监测箱内气体压力。
进一步,箱体内部有粉末收集盒,可将粉末重复回收,加工时需放入粉末收集盒,加工结束后取出粉末收集盒将粉末回收。
本发明与现有气氛保护箱和方法相比具有如下优点:1.箱体由304不锈钢薄板制作而成,箱体体积适中,重量较轻且结构强度较高,便于搬运;2.不需要对原有激光器进行另外加工便可进行所有零部件的装配,箱体内零部件均可重复拆卸使用,制作简单,成本低;3.利用箱内的离焦量校准器可实时修正同轴送粉头高度与成形件高度之间的差值,确保实验过程中离焦量数值保持稳定,避免成形件上表面出现起伏波动,提高成形件的成形质量;4.设有可拆卸的挡尘圆环片与挡尘罩可以防止激光加工过程中高温粉末与柔性薄膜接触,保证加工过程中的气密性。
附图说明
图1为惰性气氛保护箱结构示意图。
图2为是在惰性气氛保护箱内沉积的薄壁TiAl合金试样图。
图3为局部氩气保护下沉积的薄壁TiAl合金试样图。
图1中的各标注分别为:1、箱体;2、进气阀门;3、同轴送粉头;4、不锈钢卡箍;5、气压表;6、激光器;7、夹紧密封件;8、抽气阀门;9、柔性薄膜;10、挡尘圆环片;11、挡尘罩;12、离焦量校准器;13、粉末收集盒。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例来对本发明进行进一步详细描述。
如图1所示为惰性气氛保护箱结构示意图。箱体1左侧板上装有进气阀门2,右侧板上装有抽气阀门8。箱体顶部左后方装有气压表5,箱体1正前部有操作可视窗,可通过可视窗实时观察箱内加工情况,可视窗内装有氧含量表,用于实时监控箱内氧含量浓度。各阀门和测量表的开设部位可根据实验仪器的设置而定,而不局限于上述位置。箱体1的顶部有一圆环开口,可令同轴送粉头3及激光器6在其中移动,箱体圆环开口和同轴送粉头3之间用柔性薄膜9实现密封。柔性薄膜9与箱体顶部圆环处用夹紧密封件7进行夹紧,夹紧密封件7下部有硅胶垫片进行密封。同轴送粉头3与柔性薄膜9之间用不锈钢卡箍4进行夹紧,不锈钢卡箍4内侧有硅胶垫片进行密封。箱体下部设有可抽拉的粉末收集盒13。其中加工腔各表面均为密封结合,可实现加工腔与外界的气密封。
具体操作步骤为:先将整个箱体1置于总系统加工平台上。打开箱体前门,在箱内可视窗处安装好氧含量表,将粉末收集盒13放入箱内。将同轴送粉头3和激光器6移动至箱体顶部圆环开口内,将柔性薄膜9与箱体顶部圆环开口用夹紧密封件7进行夹紧密封。将同轴送粉头3与柔性薄膜9用不锈钢卡箍4夹紧紧密。将挡尘圆环10和挡尘罩11装配到同轴送粉头3上,将离焦量校准器12安装到挡尘圆环上,将基底放入箱内,调节根据实验参数调节同轴送粉头3和激光器6的高度到达指定位置。离焦量校准器为一字线激光器,在实验开始前将一字激光器调整水平,使其光线与沉积基板最上端齐平。关闭箱体前门,关闭进气阀2,打开抽气阀门8,通过小型真空泵从抽气口将箱体内部空气排出箱外,至气压计显示为所需压力值时停止抽气;关闭真空泵和抽气阀门8,打开进气阀门2,打开惰性气体瓶通入惰性气体至气压计显示为所需压力值。待通入一段时间气体后,开启激光和送粉器进行实验,实验中利用离焦量校准器对同轴送粉头3的高度进行实时调整,使一字光线始终与沉积试样最上端齐平。实验完毕后关闭激光和送粉器,继续通入惰性气体,直至温度冷却至低于氧化温度,关闭惰性气体。打开前挡板,取出加工完的试样。将粉末收集盒取出,将盒内粉末收集,全部实验完毕。
实施例
采用本发明的惰性气氛保护箱,进行TiAl合金粉末的激光立体成形实验,并与局部氩气保护下的成形实验结果进行对比。
依据图1搭建惰性气氛保护箱,两组实验均为40道沉积层往复双向扫描沉积纵向搭接,采用的Z轴提升高度ΔZ为0.4mm,激光功率为500W,送粉速率为2.69g/min,激光束扫描速度为2mm/s,沉积制备长度为50mm的薄壁。
图2中是在惰性气氛保护箱内沉积的薄壁TiAl合金试样,箱内氧含量低于1000ppm(0.1%)。薄壁试样表面呈深草黄色和蓝紫色,说明试样在激光沉积过程中被氧化的程度较低,得到了较好的气氛保护。并且在箱内加工时,利用离焦量校准器进行实时调整,保证加工过程中参数的稳定,因此试样上部平整。将此条件下的试样进行拉伸实验,进行三次拉伸实验并取平均值,试样抗拉强度为489MPa,延伸率为0.4%
对比例
图3中是局部氩气保护下沉积的薄壁TiAl合金试样,由于TiAl合金在高温加工时容易被氧化,在氧含量较高时,试样表面呈灰绿色,且离焦量参数在加工中难以保持恒定,因此试样上部高低不平。将此条件下的试样进行拉伸实验,进行三次拉伸实验并取平均值,试样抗拉强度为402MPa,延伸率为0.3%。相较于局部氩气保护下沉积的薄壁,惰性气氛保护箱内沉积的薄壁试样的力学性能得到了较大的提高,抗拉强度提高了21.6%,延伸率提高了33.0%。

Claims (8)

1.一种激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,该惰性气氛保护箱包括:不锈钢薄板制作而成的箱体,箱体的顶部中间设有圆环开口,可令同轴送粉头及激光器在其中移动,圆环开口和激同轴送粉头之间用柔性薄膜连接,该柔性薄膜与箱体顶部圆环处用夹紧密封件进行夹紧;箱体加工腔设置为密闭腔,与外界实现气密封。
2.如权利要求1所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,箱体前侧有操作可视窗,由透明材料制成,可实时观察箱内加工情况,窗口设有氧含量表和温度表,用与监测箱内气氛状态和温度。
3.如权利要求1所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,同轴送粉头上装配有可拆卸的挡尘圆环片和挡尘罩,用于防止加工时高温粉末与柔性薄膜接触。
4.如权利要求3所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,在挡尘圆环片装配有可拆卸的离焦量校准器,透过操作可视窗实时观察箱内加工情况并调整同轴送粉头高度,保证加工过程中离焦量参数的稳定。
5.如权利要求1所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,箱体内部靠近底部位置设有粉末收集盒,可将粉末重复回收,加工时需放入粉末收集盒,加工结束后取出粉末收集盒将粉末回收。
6.如权利要求1所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,夹紧密封件下部有硅胶垫片进行密封。
7.如权利要求1所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,同轴送粉头与柔性薄膜之间用不锈钢卡箍进行夹紧。
8.如权利要求7所述的激光立体成形惰性气氛保护箱,其特征在于,不锈钢卡箍内侧有硅胶垫片进行密封。
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