CN111505031A - Three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for an internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment, which comprises the following steps: step 10, arranging a ray source and a corresponding detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source0(ii) a Step 20, placing electrical equipment between the ray source and the detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source reaching the detector after passing through the electrical equipment; step 30, synchronously translating the ray source and the detector in an observation plane for a certain step number Nt, carrying out the same measurement as that in the step 20 when each step is translated, and recording data; step 40, rotating the electrical equipment by a certain angle
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of extra-high voltage power grids, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for an internal structure of gas-insulated electrical equipment.
Background
The gas insulated electric equipment is called metal insulated metal closed switch in Chinese, and is a core component of modern power grid. The gas insulated electrical equipment part consists of a central conductor, an operating part, a shell and a basin-type insulator, and sulfur hexafluoride gas insulating gas is filled in the inner space of the gas insulated electrical equipment part. The central component in the gas insulated electrical equipment is used for conducting current, is a main component for realizing the functions of the gas insulated electrical equipment, and mainly comprises a tubular lead, a circuit breaker, an arc extinguishing chamber and the like. The transformer substation gas insulation electric equipment consists of a shell, a supporting insulating part and a central conductive component, wherein the central conductive component is insulated and isolated by an insulator and sulfur hexafluoride gas. The center conductive component has the defects of component falling, local cracking, material misuse, movement mechanism dislocation and the like in the manufacturing, assembling, operating and overhauling processes, so that gas insulated electrical equipment is burnt out by discharging, and the safe operation of a power grid is influenced. In operation, the ray is needed to detect the internal component, the digital ray is conventionally used to detect the defect of the internal central component, the three-dimensional component is compressed into a plane figure, and effective detection and accurate measurement cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas insulated electrical equipment is used for testing and observing the state of the internal component of the gas insulated electrical equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for an internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment comprises the following steps:
step 10, arranging a ray source and a corresponding detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source0；
Step 20, placing electrical equipment between the ray source and the detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source reaching the detector after passing through the electrical equipment;
step 30, synchronously translating the ray source and the detector in an observation plane for a certain step number Nt, carrying out the same measurement as that in the step 20 when each step is translated, and recording data;
step 40, rotating the electrical equipment by a certain angle delta phi, then performing the same measurement as in step 30, and recording data;
step 50, repeat step 40 until rotating
Number of times of rotation
The product of the angle of rotation and each rotation angle is at least 180 DEG
Obtaining
Stopping after group data is formed;
step 60, when the intensity is I0Is I after a corresponding distance X or Y in the X or Y plane of the electrical apparatus, and where the X, Y in-plane attenuation coefficient μ is μ (X, Y), then the total attenuation along path L in the direction after each translation is I
According to
Calculating the integrand function mu of the group data;
step 70, three-dimensional imaging contrast (%) of the electrical device
Where μ f is the attenuation coefficient value of the detail feature, μ b is the attenuation coefficient value of the background material, and μ ref is the reference attenuation coefficient.
In one embodiment, in step 60, if the electrical device is uniform, the linear attenuation coefficient of the electrical device for the radiation is μ, when the intensity is I0The ray of (a) is attenuated to I after traveling a distance x in the electrical equipment, and according to the beer's law of exponent: i ═ I0e-mu x or mu x ═ xLn(I0/I)。
In one embodiment, in step 60, if the electrical device is segmented uniformly, the linear attenuation coefficients of the segments are μ 1, μ 2, μ 3, …, and the corresponding lengths are x1, x2, x3, …, then: μ 1x1+ μ 2x2+ μ 3x3+ … ═ ln (I)0/I)。
In one embodiment, the source of radiation emits radiation perpendicular to the axis of the electrical device.
In one embodiment, the circumference of the cross section of the electrical equipment is divided into a plurality of equally spaced points, transillumination imaging is performed on each point by utilizing rays, the center of each ray bundle penetrates through the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment, the ray bundle is kept perpendicular to the center point of the imaging plate, and the distance between the ray source and the imaging plate to the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment is fixed.
In one embodiment, the electrical apparatus includes a center conductor, an operating member, a housing, and a basin insulator, the source of radiation irradiating the center conductor.
In one embodiment, the source of radiation is an X-ray source.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the conventional digital ray detection equipment to carry out three-dimensional imaging on the gas insulated electrical equipment under the conditions of no power failure and no disassembly, thereby realizing the monitoring and measurement of the field state of the gas insulated electrical equipment.
Drawings
The technical solution of the present application is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the steps of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
A three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for an internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment comprises the following steps:
step 10, arranging a ray source and a corresponding detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source0；
Step 20, placing the electrical equipment between the ray source and the detector, and measuring the intensity I of the rays emitted by the ray source reaching the detector after passing through the electrical equipment;
step 30, synchronously translating the ray source and the detector in an observation plane for a certain step number Nt, carrying out the same measurement as that in the step 20 when each step is translated, and recording data;
step 40, rotating the electrical equipment by a certain angle delta phi, then performing the same measurement as in step 30, and recording data;
step 50, repeat step 40 until rotating
Number of times of rotation
The product of the angle of rotation and each rotation angle is at least 180 DEG
Obtaining
Stopping after group data is formed;
step 60, when the intensity is I0Is I after a corresponding distance X or Y in the X or Y plane of the electrical apparatus, and where the X, Y in-plane attenuation coefficient μ is μ (X, Y), then the total attenuation along path L in the direction after each translation is I
According to
Calculating the integrand function mu of the group data;
step 70, three-dimensional imaging contrast (%) of the electrical device
Where μ f is the attenuation coefficient value of the detail feature, μ b is the attenuation coefficient value of the background material, and μ ref is the reference attenuation coefficient.
In the examples, when a beam of X-rays is incident on a substance, three types of actions occur, namely photoelectric effect, kung-wu scattering and generation of electron pair, and as a result, the intensity of the incident ray is followedThe depth of incidence increases and decreases, and follows the beer exponential law. An ideal X-ray source is adopted, X-rays emitted by the ideal X-ray source are collimated into a single-beam X-ray with extremely fine fineness, and a detector is arranged on the opposite side of the X-ray source. Measuring the intensity I emitted by the X-ray source0And the intensity I reaching the detector after being attenuated by an object (such as electrical equipment) with a certain thickness, then the X-ray source and the detector synchronously translate for a certain step number Nt in an observation plane, the translation step length determines the measurement precision of the system, and the same measurement is carried out in each translation step, so that a group of data is obtained; rotating a certain angle delta phi (for example, 1 DEG), and synchronously translating Nt steps to obtain another group of data under a new angle; repeating the above steps until rotating
Number of times of rotation
The product of the angular difference with each rotation should be at least 180 DEG, i.e.
Obtaining
Sampling is stopped after group data.
In one embodiment, in step 60, if the electrical device is uniform, the linear attenuation coefficient of the electrical device for the radiation is μ, when the intensity is I0The ray of (a) is attenuated to I after traveling a distance x in the electrical equipment, and according to the beer's law of exponent: i ═ I0e- μ χ or μ χ L n (I)0/I)。
In one embodiment, in step 60, if the electrical device is segmented uniformly, the linear attenuation coefficients of the segments are μ 1, μ 2, μ 3, …, and the corresponding lengths are x1, x2, x3, …, the following formula holds: μ 1x1+ μ 2x2+ μ 3x3+ … ═ ln (I)0/I)。
More generally, if the electrical device is not uniform in both the X and Y planes, i.e., if the attenuation coefficient μ is μ (X, Y), then the total attenuation along a path L in a particular direction is:
Obviously, measure I0And I, i.e., [ integral ] μ dl, and further according to a series of projections [ integral ] μ dl, calculating the integral function μ. This results in an image corresponding to the μ distribution and thus the density distribution. Therefore, the working process of three-dimensional imaging can be divided into two steps, firstly, ray projections under a plurality of angles of the detected object are obtained by utilizing hardware forming the three-dimensional imaging system, secondly, the linear absorption coefficient distribution of each point of the section, namely the density distribution of a certain section of the detected object, is solved from the ray projection group by utilizing a certain mathematical method, and the three-dimensional image of the section can be obtained by utilizing the gray value of the image to express the density distribution.
Three-dimensional imaging image resolution is generally divided into two aspects, spatial resolution (geometric resolution) and density resolution. Spatial resolution, also known as geometric resolution, refers to the ability to discern the smallest objects from a three-dimensional image. The density resolution is an important performance index of a three-dimensional imaging device, and is a basic method for distinguishing the material of an object to be detected by using the gray scale of an image (because the gray scale directly reflects the density). The density resolution, also called contrast resolution, is expressed by a method that generally expresses the correlation in terms of the percentage (%) of density (by gray scale) change. Both theory and practice show that spatial resolution and density resolution are contradictory with a given radiation dose. When the size of the object to be examined changes, the density resolution also changes, and the product of the two is a constant, called contrast detail constant, which depends on the dose of the radiation and the performance of the ICT device. From the contrast detail curves of the three-dimensional imaging device, it is known that the higher the density resolution (% value is smaller, e.g., 0.2), the lower the spatial resolution, and conversely, the lower the density resolution (% value is larger, e.g., 2%), the higher the spatial resolution. Density resolution characterizes the ability of a three-dimensional imaged image to reproduce changes in material density. It is generally defined by the minimum object contrast that can be identified on the image:
contrast (%)
μ f- -attenuation coefficient value of detail feature; μ b — the attenuation coefficient value of the background material; μ ref- -reference attenuation coefficient (commonly referred to as μ b).
Factors that affect the contrast of an object are the compositional properties of the material, the density, and the energy of the radiation. The research shows that: at low energies (below 1Mev), the interaction of radiation with the material is primarily a photoelectric effect, where the compositional properties of the material play a major role in attenuation; at high energies compton scattering dominates, where the density of the material is approximately proportional to the attenuation coefficient, and for homogeneous materials, the density is directly proportional to the linear attenuation coefficient value. The main factors influencing the density resolution are the signal-to-noise ratio, and the sources of the noise are mainly quantum noise of a radiation source, statistical fluctuation of the intensity of the radiation source, instability of the radiation source, noise of a ray intensity data acquisition system, errors of a position measurement system and image reconstruction algorithm approximation. The quantum noise is the most dominant, and the relationship between the quantum noise and the radiation source dose is calculated according to the Brooks formula, and the source dose is increased to improve the density resolution.
In one embodiment, the radiation source emits radiation perpendicular to the electrical apparatus axis. And (3) adopting a digital ray detection technology, perpendicular to the axis of the gas insulated electrical equipment, and transilluminating the central conductive member of the gas insulated electrical equipment for multiple times along the circumferential direction to obtain a digital ray detection image. And converting the radiographic image into JPG, BMP, TIFF and other formats, and forming spatial three-dimensional data and images of the central conducting member by using a cone projection reconstruction method to measure the size, assembly gap and surface condition of the internal member of the gas insulated electrical equipment.
In one embodiment, the circumference of the cross section of the electrical equipment is divided into a plurality of equally spaced points, transillumination imaging is performed on each point by utilizing rays, the center of each ray bundle penetrates through the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment, the ray bundle is kept perpendicular to the center point of the imaging plate, and the distance between the ray source and the imaging plate to the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment is fixed.
In one embodiment, the electrical apparatus includes a center conductor, an operating member, a housing, and a basin insulator, and the source of radiation irradiates the center conductor to take measurements of the center conductor member. The obtained images are sequentially sequenced, and density distribution data of space coordinates are obtained by utilizing a cone projection three-dimensional reverse reconstruction method, so that a three-dimensional image of a central conductive member in the gas insulated electrical equipment can be obtained.
And performing surface measurement on the reconstructed three-dimensional image of the central conductive member in the gas insulated electrical equipment, determining a boundary, and realizing size measurement, gap measurement and surface condition detection of different workpieces by using three-dimensional coordinates.
In one embodiment, the source of radiation is an X-ray source.
The embodiment of the invention is used for the field test of the through-flow component in the gas insulated electrical equipment, the testing method utilizes digital ray detection equipment to transilluminate the central through-flow component of the gas insulated electrical equipment along the circumferential direction according to the radian such as a fixed circle center and the like, converts a ray picture into a JPG format, and utilizes a cone projection reconstruction method to form spatial three-dimensional data and an image of the central conductive component so as to measure the size, the assembly gap, the material and the surface condition of the internal component of the electrical equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the conventional digital ray detection equipment to carry out three-dimensional imaging on the gas insulated electrical equipment under the conditions of no power failure and no disassembly, thereby realizing the monitoring and measurement of the field state of the gas insulated electrical equipment.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments according to the present application, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional visual imaging detection method for an internal structure of gas insulated electrical equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 10, arranging a ray source and a corresponding detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source0；
Step 20, placing electrical equipment between the ray source and the detector, and measuring the intensity I of rays emitted by the ray source reaching the detector after passing through the electrical equipment;
step 30, synchronously translating the ray source and the detector in an observation plane for a certain step number Nt, carrying out the same measurement as that in the step 20 when each step is translated, and recording data;
step 40, rotating the electrical equipment by a certain angle delta phi, then performing the same measurement as in step 30, and recording data;
step 50, repeat step 40 until rotating
Number of times of rotation
The product of the angle of rotation and each rotation angle is at least 180 DEG
Obtaining
Stopping after group data is formed;
step 60, when the intensity is I0Is I after a corresponding distance X or Y in the X or Y plane of the electrical apparatus, and where the X, Y in-plane attenuation coefficient μ is μ (X, Y), then the total attenuation along path L in the direction after each translation is I
According to
Calculating the [ mu ] dl of group dataAn integrand function μ;
step 70, of the electrical apparatus
Where μ f is the attenuation coefficient value of the detail feature, μ b is the attenuation coefficient value of the background material, and μ ref is the reference attenuation coefficient.
2. The three-dimensional visualization imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 60, if the electrical equipment is uniform, the linear attenuation coefficient of the electrical equipment to the radiation is μ, and when the intensity is I0The ray of (a) is attenuated to I after traveling a distance x in the electrical equipment, and according to the beer's law of exponent: i ═ I0e- μ χ or μ χ L n (I)0/I)。
3. The three-dimensional visualization detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein in step 60, if the electrical equipment is segmented uniformly, the linear attenuation coefficients of the segments are μ 1, μ 2, μ 3, …, and the corresponding lengths are x1, x2, x3, …, then μ 1x1+ μ 2x2+ μ 3x3+ … ═ ln (I is equal to μ 3x3+ … ═ ln)0/I)。
4. The three-dimensional visualization imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein the radiation source emits radiation perpendicular to an axis of the electrical equipment.
5. The three-dimensional visualization imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein the circumference of the cross section of the electrical equipment is divided into a plurality of equally spaced points, transillumination imaging is performed at each point by using rays, the center of each ray bundle passes through the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment, the ray bundle is kept perpendicular to the center point of the imaging plate, and the distance from the ray source and the imaging plate to the center point of the cross section of the electrical equipment is fixed.
6. The three-dimensional visualization imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein the electrical equipment comprises a central conductor, an operating member, a housing and a basin insulator, and the radiation source irradiates the central conductor.
7. The three-dimensional visualization imaging detection method for the internal structure of the gas-insulated electrical equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein the radiation source is an X-ray source.
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Application publication date: 20200807 |