CN111504112A - 冷凝器 - Google Patents

冷凝器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111504112A
CN111504112A CN202010075255.XA CN202010075255A CN111504112A CN 111504112 A CN111504112 A CN 111504112A CN 202010075255 A CN202010075255 A CN 202010075255A CN 111504112 A CN111504112 A CN 111504112A
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condenser
multiport
tube
channel space
cooling plate
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P.甘特
F.奧古斯提尼
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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ABB Grid Switzerland AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0012—Vertical tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0015—Plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/20—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means being attachable to the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/30—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/045—Condensers made by assembling a tube on a plate-like element or between plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0028—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cooling heat generating elements, e.g. for cooling electronic components or electric devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0063—Condensers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种冷凝器(1)，冷凝器(1)包括上歧管(4)中的流体入口(3)和下歧管(6)中的流体出口(5)。为了获得简单并且高效的冷凝器，冷凝器(1)包括多端口式管(2)，多端口式管(2)设有多个单独的流动通道(9)，流动通道(9)由管的相反的外侧壁(7)和在相反的外侧壁之间延伸的内部中间壁(8)界定。多端口式管(2)在其之间限定通道空间(15)。多个冷却板(10)在上歧管与下歧管之间延伸，冷却板(10)与多端口式管(2)成热接触，以从流动通道中的流体接收热负荷。冷却板(10)具有外边缘(13)，外边缘(13)从通道空间(15)向外突出并且远离通道空间(15)而定向。

Description

冷凝器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使热耗散到环境中的冷凝器。
背景技术
冷凝器用于接收经加热的流体，以便通过使多余的热耗散到环境而使流体冷却。
关于冷凝器的挑战是获得如下的设计：在冷凝器能够以高功率密度高效地使热耗散时，该设计同时简单到足以用于成本效益合算的大量生产。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种能够克服上文中所提到的缺陷的新型冷凝器设计。利用根据独立权利要求1的冷凝器来实现该目标。
将多端口式管与带有具有从限定于多端口式管之间的通道空间向外突出的外端的边缘的冷却板组合来使用使得获得如下的冷凝器是可能的：在可使组合的冷却板面积最大化时，该冷凝器同时制造起来简单且廉价。
在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选实施例。
附图说明
在下文中，将通过示例的方式并且参考附图而更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1至图3示出了冷凝器的第一实施例，
图4至图5示出了冷凝器的第二实施例，以及
图6示出了冷凝器的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
图1至图3示出了冷凝器的第一实施例。图1从上方示出了冷凝器1，图2是图1的冷凝器的部分横截面，并且，图3是在图1和图2的冷凝器1中使用的多端口式管2的端部视图。
所示出的冷凝器1包括带有用于接收流体的流体入口3的上歧管4。取决于实施方式，经加热的流体可起源于例如蒸发器。例如，如图1、图4和图6中的一个中所示出的，下歧管6设有流体出口5。多个多端口式管2在上歧管4与下歧管6之间延伸。这些多端口式管2在上歧管4与下歧管6之间提供流动路径，使得已经经由入口3进入冷凝器1的流体可经由出口5离开冷凝器而到达例如所述蒸发器。在此情况下，蒸发器可为使发电机的断路器或任何其它高电流或高电压装置冷却的蒸发器。
图3示出了一个多端口式管2的端部视图。多端口式管设有相反的外侧壁7和在外侧壁7之间延伸的内部中间壁8。中间壁8将多端口式管分成多个单独的流动通道9。例如，内部流动通道9的直径(或高度和宽度)可处于0.1 mm与10 mm之间，并且，接收到上歧管中的流体的爆破压力可处于1巴与120巴之间。这促进将许多备选的制冷剂用作流体。例如，多端口式管可通过挤压而由铝制造。
图1至图3中所示出的冷凝器1还设有在上歧管4与下歧管6之间延伸的多个冷却板10。在实践中，使冷却板10直接地接触歧管是不必要的，然而，为了使冷却板10的面积最大化，优选地，冷却板10延伸成尽可能接近于上歧管和下歧管。在所示出的实施例中，各个冷却板10具有接触一个多端口式管10的一个外侧壁7的侧表面11。以此方式，冷却板10与多端口式管10成热接触，使得冷却板10从流体通道9中的流体高效地接收热负荷。例如，冷却板10可为通过铜焊而附接到多端口式管的金属板。可根据所需的冷却需求而调整平行的冷却板10之间的间距D和冷却板的数量，以获得足够的热耗散表面面积。优选地，针对自然对流而优化冷却板10之间的间距，以便获得自然对流式冷凝器，在自然对流式冷凝器中，板之间的空气流可由于重力而出现，而不需要利用风扇。为了促进由于自然对流而产生的高效的空气流，冷却板10之间的空间优选地向上和向下开放。结果，冷凝器在板的从通道空间15向外突出的部分中不具有防止从冷却板之间的空间向上的空气流的任何障碍物。
然而，在一些实施方式中，例如，如图6的实施例中所示出的，冷却板10之间的空气流可由风扇辅助。在此情况下，风扇可定向成在冷却板之间生成竖直流(如图6中的那样)或备选地定向成在冷却板之间生成水平空气流，在此情况下，空气还在翅片16之间流动。
如图2中所示出的，多端口式管2布置到冷凝器1使得多端口式管2在其之间限定通道空间15，使得所有的流动通道9都位于该通道空间内。冷却板定尺寸成使得其外边缘13从该通道空间15向外突出。在图1至图2的示例中，冷却板布置成使得仅其中间(中部)区段14位于通道空间15中，而相反的外边缘13从通道空间向外突出。以此方式，冷却板的侧表面11的面积显著地变大，使得可获得从通道9中的流体接收的热负荷的高效耗散。结果，冷凝器的厚度并非由上歧管和下歧管的宽度限定，而是改为由冷却板的相反的外边缘13之间的距离限定。
在操作期间，多端口式管2的通道9中的大的压力降(与歧管中的压力降相比)将迫使进入上歧管4的处于蒸汽状态的流体在所有的多端口式管的不同的通道9之间形成均匀的流分布。在实践中，通道中的压力降显著地大于歧管中的压力降。由于蒸汽均匀地分布到多端口式管的所有的通道，故结果是高的热效率。
在图1和图2中，冷凝器1具有平行构造，在该平行构造中，冷却板10使其侧表面10与多端口式管2的外侧壁7平行。
为了向冷凝器1提供额外的刚度并且还增加热耗散，翅片16在通道空间15中布置成在多端口式管2的外侧壁7与冷却板10的侧表面12之间延伸。结果，在所示出的实施例中，这些翅片用于使得结构更稳健。
图1和图2中所示出的冷凝器1能够作为自然对流式两相冷凝器来工作。不需要泵来将流体从上歧管4传递到下歧管6，这是因为作为蒸汽而进入上歧管4的流体可由于来自冷却板2的热耗散而冷凝成液体并且由于重力而最终进入下歧管6中。另外，由于冷却板10的表面面积相对大，故不需要风扇在冷却板之间产生空气流。因此，冷凝器可在没有这样的泵或风扇的无源系统中使用。然而，自然地，冷凝器也可在包括流体泵和/或风扇的系统中使用。
图4至图5示出了冷凝器的第二实施例。图4至图5的实施例非常类似于与图1至图3结合而解释的实施例。因此，主要通过指出这些实施例之间的差异而解释图4至图5的实施例。
图4从上方示出了冷凝器1'，并且，图5是图4的冷凝器的部分横截面。在图4和图5的实施例中，冷凝器1'具有垂直构造，在该垂直构造中，冷却板10'具有与多端口式管2的外侧壁7垂直的侧表面11。
类似地，如先前的实施例中的那样，冷却板10'定尺寸成使得其外边缘13从通道空间15向外突出。然而，第一基部17'附接成在多端口式管2的第一侧上沿着多端口式管2的外侧壁7延伸。平行的冷却板10'的沿第一方向(在图5中向右)延伸的第二内边缘18'附接到该第一基部17'。对应地，第二基部19'附接成在多端口式管2的第二侧上沿着多端口式管2的外侧壁7延伸。平行的冷却板10'的沿第二方向(在图5中向左)延伸的第二内边缘20'附接到该第二基部19'。例如，第一基部17'和第二基部19'可作为金属板而实施。以此方式，起源于多端口式管2的通道中的流体的热经由第一基部17'和第二基部18'来传导至冷却板10'，热负荷从冷却板10'耗散到环境。
图6示出了冷凝器的第三实施例。图6的实施例非常类似于与图4结合而解释的实施例。因此，主要通过指出这些实施例之间的差异而解释图6的实施例。在图6中，冷凝器21'设有在冷却板13之间生成空气流的风扇22。在所示出的实施例中，风扇22定向成在板13之间生成竖直的空气流，使得空气向上流动。结果，通过由于经由板来耗散到环境空气的热而产生的自然对流来生成的向上的空气流由生成沿同一方向的空气流的风扇22辅助。
将理解，上文中的描述和附图仅旨在示出本发明。对于本领域技术人员而言将为显然的是，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可变更并且修改本发明。

Claims (10)

1. 一种冷凝器(1, 1', 21')，包括：
上歧管(4)中的流体入口(3)，以及
下歧管(6, 26, 36, 46)中的流体出口(5, 25, 35, 45)，其特征在于，
所述冷凝器(1, 1', 21')包括多端口式管(2)，所述多端口式管(2)在所述上歧管与所述下歧管之间延伸，所述多端口式管(2)设有多个单独的流动通道(9)，所述流动通道(9)由所述管的相反的外侧壁(7)和在所述相反的外侧壁之间延伸的内部中间壁(8)界定，所述多端口式管(2)在所述上歧管(4)与所述下歧管(6, 26, 36, 46)之间提供流动路径，
所述多端口式管(2)在所述多端口式管(2)之间限定通道空间(15)，
多个冷却板(10, 10')在所述上歧管与所述下歧管之间延伸，所述冷却板(10, 10')与所述多端口式管(2)成热接触，以从所述流动通道中的流体接收热负荷，并且
所述冷却板(10, 10')具有外边缘(13)，所述外边缘(13)从所述通道空间(15)向外突出并且远离所述通道空间(15)而定向。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其特征在于，所述冷凝器(1)具有平行构造，所述平行构造带有具有与所述多端口式管(2)的外侧壁(7)平行的侧表面(11, 12)的冷却板(10)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冷凝器，其特征在于，所述冷却板(10)具有从所述通道空间(15)向外突出的相反的外边缘(13)和所述通道空间(15)中的中间区段(14)，所述冷却板(10)经由所述中间区段(14)来附接到相应的多端口式管(2)的外侧壁(7)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的冷凝器，其特征在于，所述通道空间(15)设有翅片(16)，所述翅片(16)在所述多端口式管(2)的所述外侧壁(7)与所述冷却板(10)的侧表面(12)之间延伸。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其特征在于，所述冷凝器(1', 21')具有垂直构造，所述垂直构造带有具有与所述多端口式管(2)的所述外侧壁(7)垂直的侧表面(11)的冷却板(10')。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的冷凝器，其特征在于，
使其外边缘(13)从所述通道空间(15)沿第一方向向外突出的冷却板(10')具有第二内边缘(18')，所述第二内边缘(18')附接到沿着所述多端口式管(2)的第一外侧壁(7)延伸的第一基部(17')，并且
使其外边缘(13)从所述通道空间(15)沿第二方向向外突出的冷却板(10')具有第二内边缘(20')，所述第二内边缘(20')附接到沿着所述多端口式管(2)的第二外侧壁(7)延伸的第二基部(19')。
7. 根据权利要求1至6中的一项所述的冷凝器(1, 1')，其特征在于，所述冷凝器是自然对流式冷凝器。
8. 根据权利要求1至7中的一项所述的冷凝器(21')，其特征在于，所述冷凝器设有在所述冷却板(10, 10')之间生成空气流的风扇(22)。
9. 根据权利要求1至6中的一项所述的冷凝器(1, 21')，其特征在于，所述冷凝器是由辅助空气在所述冷却板(10, 10')之间向上竖直流动的风扇(22)提供的自然对流式冷凝器。
10. 根据权利要求1至9中的一项所述的冷凝器(1, 1', 21')，其特征在于，所述冷凝器从使高电流或电压装置冷却、优选地使发电机的断路器冷却的蒸发器接收流体并且将流体传递到所述蒸发器。
CN202010075255.XA 2019-01-22 2020-01-22 冷凝器 Pending CN111504112A (zh)

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