CN111502640B - Device and method for measuring formation pore pressure and leakage pressure - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring formation pore pressure and leakage pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111502640B CN111502640B CN202010321120.7A CN202010321120A CN111502640B CN 111502640 B CN111502640 B CN 111502640B CN 202010321120 A CN202010321120 A CN 202010321120A CN 111502640 B CN111502640 B CN 111502640B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring stratum pore pressure and leakage pressure, wherein mass flowmeters are arranged at an inlet and an outlet to accurately monitor the change of mass flow of the inlet and the outlet, a throttling pipeline is also arranged at the outlet, and the pressure in an annular space can be changed by controlling the opening of the throttling valve. When the opening of the throttle valve is reduced, the back pressure at the outlet is increased, so that the pressure in the annular space is increased, and the formation leakage pressure can be measured by observing the change of the readings of the outlet mass flow meter. When the opening of the throttle valve is increased, the back pressure at the outlet is reduced, the pressure in the annular space is also reduced, and the size of the formation pore pressure can be measured by observing the indication change of the mass flowmeter at the outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of offshore oil engineering, in particular to a device and a method for measuring formation pore pressure and leakage pressure according to the change of the opening of a throttle valve.
Background
In ocean deep water drilling operation, the well kick and the well leakage occur frequently, and if the well kick and the well leakage cannot be found in time, disastrous results can be caused. Therefore, in the deep sea drilling process, it becomes important to determine the pore pressure and the leakage pressure of the stratum in time. In the prior art, the methods for measuring the pore pressure and the leakage pressure of the stratum all need to stop drilling for measurement, thereby wasting a large amount of operation time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to solve the problem that the drilling of the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure is difficult to predict without stopping.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the pore pressure and the leakage pressure of the stratum according to the change of the opening degree of a throttle valve.
The invention provides a device for measuring stratum pore pressure and leakage pressure, which comprises a drilling assembly, a mud pit, an inlet mass flow assembly, an outlet mass flow assembly and a data terminal, wherein the drilling assembly is used for drilling a stratum; the mud pit is communicated with the drilling assembly through a liquid input pipeline and a liquid output pipeline, the inlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid input pipeline, the outlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid output pipeline, and the inlet mass flow assembly and the outlet mass flow assembly are both electrically connected with the data terminal.
The drilling assembly comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a shaft, the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the drill rod, the drill rod and the drill rod are both arranged in the shaft, the lower end of the drill rod is communicated with the shaft, the upper end of the drill rod is communicated with a liquid input pipeline, and the upper end of the shaft is communicated with a liquid output pipeline; the drilling fluid in the mud pit flows into the drill rod through the fluid input pipeline, enters the shaft through the drill bit, circulates upwards along the shaft to the wellhead, and flows back to the mud pit through the fluid output pipeline to form fluid circulation.
The inlet mass flow component comprises a first mass flow meter valve, a second mass flow meter valve, a third mass flow meter valve, an inlet mass flow meter and two first parallel pipelines, the first mass flow meter valve is arranged on the liquid input pipeline, the inlet mass flow meter is connected with the first mass flow meter valve in parallel through the two first parallel pipelines, the second mass flow meter valve and the third mass flow meter valve are respectively arranged on the two first parallel pipelines, and the inlet mass flow meter collects flow information of the liquid input pipeline and transmits the flow information to the data terminal.
Export mass flow subassembly includes fourth mass flow meter valve, fifth mass flow meter valve, sixth mass flow meter valve, export mass flow meter and two parallelly connected pipelines of second, the fourth mass flow meter valve sets up on liquid output pipeline, export mass flow meter is parallelly connected with the fourth mass flow meter valve through two parallelly connected pipelines of second, fifth mass flow meter valve and sixth mass flow meter valve set up respectively on two parallel pipelines of second, export mass flow meter gathers the flow information of liquid output pipeline and transmits for data terminal.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure, and by using the device for measuring the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure, whether the leakage occurs at the bottom of the well is judged by changing the opening of the throttle valve and observing the change condition of the indication of the outlet mass flowmeter, and the sizes of the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure can be calculated.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) Measuring and calculating annular friction resistance loss Pf under a normal circulation condition;
2) Reducing the opening degree of a flowmeter valve of the outlet pipeline, judging whether leakage occurs or not through the change of outlet flow, and if so, calculating leakage pressure Ploss; on the basis of the condition that the discharge amount of the drilling fluid injected into the shaft is not changed, under the condition that the opening of the valve is reduced, if the drilling fluid is not lost, the pressure at the throttling valve is increased, and the discharge amount is not reduced; if drilling fluid is lost, the displacement is reduced and the pressure at the choke valve is comparable to the choke pressure during normal drilling.
3) And (3) increasing the opening degree of a flow meter valve of the outlet pipeline, judging whether well kick occurs or not according to the change of the outlet flow, and calculating the formation pore pressure Pkx. On the basis of the condition that the discharge amount of drilling fluid injected into a shaft is not changed, under the condition of increasing the opening degree of a valve, if no kick happens, the pressure at a throttling valve is reduced, and the discharge amount is not increased; if a kick occurs, the pressure fluctuations at the choke are not large and the displacement is increased.
Using the formation pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring device, in the step 1), specifically, the second mass flow meter valve, the third mass flow meter valve, the fifth mass flow meter valve and the sixth mass flow meter valve are closed, the first mass flow meter valve and the fourth mass flow meter valve are opened, and the annular friction resistance loss is calculated according to a formula Pf = Pd-Ph-Pout, where Pd is the bottom hole pressure, unit: MPa, obtained by measurement, and Pout is the wellhead pressure, unit: MPa, obtained by measurement, pf is annular friction loss, unit: MPa, ph is the annular liquid column pressure, unit: MPa is calculated by a formula Ph = rho gH, and rho is the density of the drilling fluid in the annulus, and the unit is as follows: g/cm 3 H is the liquid column height in the annulus, unit: m and g are gravity coefficients.
Using the formation pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring device, the step 2) is specifically to open a second mass flowmeter valve, a third mass flowmeter valve, a fifth mass flowmeter valve 7 and a sixth mass flowmeter valve, close the first mass flowmeter valve and the fourth mass flowmeter valve, gradually reduce the opening of the third mass flowmeter valve, observe the flow measured by the outlet mass flowmeter, and measure the wellhead pressure Pout at the moment when the flow is reduced and leakage occurs; loss pressure Ploss is calculated by the formula Ploss = Pout + Ph + Pf.
Using the formation pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring device, wherein the step 3) is specifically to open a second mass flowmeter valve, a third mass flowmeter valve, a fifth mass flowmeter valve and a sixth mass flowmeter valve, close the first mass flowmeter valve and the fourth mass flowmeter valve, gradually increase the opening degree of the third mass flowmeter valve, observe the flow measured by the outlet mass flowmeter, generate a kick when the flow is increased, and measure the wellhead pressure Pout at the moment; formation pore pressure Pkx is calculated by the formula Pkx = Pout + Ph + Pf.
The Coriolis mass flow meters are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the invention to accurately monitor the change of the mass flow of the inlet and the outlet, and a throttling pipeline is also arranged at the outlet, so that the pressure in the annular space can be changed by controlling the opening of the throttling valve. When the opening of the throttle valve is reduced, the back pressure at the outlet is increased, so that the pressure in the annular space is increased, and the formation leakage pressure can be measured by observing the change of the readings of the outlet mass flow meter. When the opening of the throttle valve is increased, the back pressure at the outlet is reduced, the pressure in the annular space is also reduced, and the size of the formation pore pressure can be measured by observing the indication change of the mass flowmeter at the outlet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a formation pore pressure and loss pressure measuring device according to the present invention, wherein the direction of arrows indicates the flow direction of drilling fluid.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a mud pit, 2, drilling fluid, 3, a mud pump pipeline, 4, a first mud pump, 5, an inlet mass flowmeter, 6, a first mass flowmeter valve, 7, a second mass flowmeter valve, 8, a third mass flowmeter valve, 9, a first parallel pipeline, 10, a stand pipe, 11, a steering gear, 12, an offshore platform, 13, a tension rope, 14, a telescopic joint, 15, a water-resisting pipe, 16, a drill pipe, 17, a subsea blowout preventer, 18, a drill bit, 19, an outlet mass flowmeter, 20, a fourth mass flowmeter valve, 21, a fifth mass flowmeter valve, 22, a sixth outlet mass flowmeter valve, 23, a second parallel pipeline, 24, a throttle pipeline, 25, a drilling fluid outlet, 26, a sensing data line, 27 and a data terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a device for measuring formation pore pressure and loss pressure, which comprises a drilling assembly, a mud pit 1, an inlet mass flow assembly, an outlet mass flow assembly and a data terminal; the mud pit is communicated with the drilling assembly through a liquid input pipeline and a liquid output pipeline, the inlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid input pipeline, the outlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid output pipeline, and the inlet mass flow assembly and the outlet mass flow assembly are both electrically connected with the data terminal 27. The mud pit is filled with drilling fluid 2.
The drilling assembly comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a shaft, the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the drill rod, the drill rod and the drill rod are both arranged in the shaft, the lower end of the drill rod is communicated with the shaft, the upper end of the drill rod is communicated with a liquid input pipeline, and the upper end of the shaft is communicated with a liquid output pipeline; the drilling fluid in the mud pit flows into the drill rod through the fluid input pipeline, enters the shaft through the drill bit, circulates upwards along the shaft to the wellhead, and flows back to the mud pit through the fluid output pipeline to form fluid circulation.
The entry mass flow subassembly includes first mass flow meter valve 6, second mass flow meter valve 7, third mass flow meter valve 8, entry mass flow meter 5 and two first parallel line 9, first mass flow meter valve 6 sets up on the liquid input pipeline, entry mass flow meter 5 is parallelly connected with first mass flow meter valve 6 through two first parallel line 9, second mass flow meter valve 7 and third mass flow meter valve 8 set up respectively on two first parallel line 9, entry mass flow meter 6 gathers the flow information of liquid input and transmits for data terminal 27.
The outlet mass flow component comprises a fourth mass flow meter valve 20, a fifth mass flow meter valve 21, a sixth mass flow meter valve 22, an outlet mass flow meter 19 and two second parallel pipelines 23, the fourth mass flow meter valve 20 is arranged on the liquid output pipeline, the outlet mass flow meter 19 is connected with the fourth mass flow meter valve 20 in parallel through the two second parallel pipelines 23, the fifth mass flow meter valve 21 and the sixth mass flow meter valve 22 are respectively arranged on the two second parallel pipelines 23, and the outlet mass flow meter 19 collects flow information of the liquid output pipeline and transmits the flow information to the data terminal 27.
The upper end of the water-stop pipe 15 is fixedly connected with the offshore platform 12, the lower end of the water-stop pipe is inserted into the seabed, two sides of the water-stop pipe 15 are connected with the offshore platform 12 through expansion joints 14 and tension ropes 13, a drill stem 16 is sleeved in the water-stop pipe 15, a seabed blowout preventer 17 is arranged at the junction of a seabed mud line and seawater and connected with the water-stop pipe 15, and a drill bit 18 is connected to the lower end of the drill stem 16.
Drilling fluid 2 is injected by a mud pump 4 through a mud pump line 3 into the riser 10 (during which time it flows through an inlet mass flow meter 5, transmitting flow information to a data acquisition and analysis system 27 via a sensor data line 26), then through the drill string 16 and drill bit 18 into the wellbore, then circulating up the wellbore to the wellhead, after flowing through a diverter 11, through an outlet mass flow meter 19 (transmitting flow information to the data acquisition and analysis system 27 via the sensor data line 26) and a choke line 24 back to the mud pit 1.
The mass flow meters are connected with the drilling pipeline by flange plates, the first to sixth mass flow meter valves are all gate type valves, and the first to sixth mass flow meter valves are connected with the drilling pipeline by flanges. The throttle valve adopts a wedge-shaped throttle valve, and the connection mode also adopts flange connection.
The stratum leakage pressure and the stratum pore pressure can be judged by controlling the opening of the throttle valve and observing the flow change of the outlet.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure, which uses the device for measuring the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure to judge whether the bottom of the well has leakage or not by changing the opening of the throttle valve and observing the change condition of the reading of the outlet mass flowmeter, and can calculate the size of the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure.
Firstly, measuring the formation leakage pressure, and under the condition of normal circulation, measuring the bottom hole pressure Pd
The downhole pressure can be measured by a PWD device and is as follows:
Pd＝Pf+Ph+Pout (1)
the annular liquid column pressure is:
Ph＝ρgH (2)
wherein Pd is bottom hole pressure, pf is annular friction loss, ph is annular liquid column pressure, pout is wellhead pressure, rho is annular drilling fluid density, and H is annular liquid column height.
Well head pressure can be measured with the manometer of well drilling exit, therefore the annular space frictional resistance loss size just can be worked out, and annular space frictional resistance loss size is:
Pf＝Pd-Ph-Pout (3)
reduce exit throttle valve opening, the back pressure in exit increases thereupon to make bottom hole pressure increase, observe the change of export flow through data acquisition analytic system this moment, explain the bottom hole when export flow begins to reduce and taken place the loss of leakage, read out the registration Pout of exit manometer, around the change throttle valve opening, the friction loss of ring vacancy is unchangeable all the time, friction loss is the same with friction loss pressure Pf when normal cycle, so the loss pressure size is:
Ploss＝Pout+Ph+Pf (4)
measuring formation pore pressure requires increasing the throttle opening. When the opening of the throttle valve at the outlet is increased, the back pressure at the outlet is reduced along with the opening of the throttle valve at the outlet, so that the bottom hole pressure is reduced, the change of the outlet flow is observed through a data acquisition and analysis system, the occurrence of kick is indicated when the outlet flow begins to increase, the reading Pout of a pressure gauge at the outlet is read, and the stratum pore pressure can be calculated by the following formula
Pkx＝Pout+Ph+Pf (5)
The Coriolis mass flow meters are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the invention to accurately monitor the change of the mass flow of the inlet and the outlet, and a throttling pipeline is also arranged at the outlet, so that the pressure in the annular space can be changed by controlling the opening of the throttling valve. When the opening of the throttle valve is reduced, the back pressure at the outlet is increased, so that the pressure in the annular space is increased, and the formation leakage pressure can be measured by observing the change of the readings of the outlet mass flow meter. When the opening of the throttle valve is increased, the back pressure at the outlet is reduced, the pressure in the annular space is also reduced, and the size of the formation pore pressure can be measured by observing the indication change of the mass flowmeter at the outlet.
In the drilling process, when a drill rod is not positioned at the bottom of a well, the testing of the formation pore pressure and the formation leakage pressure cannot be realized through a downhole tool, but by applying the technology, the data of the formation pore pressure and the formation leakage pressure can be obtained by utilizing the characteristic response of a wellhead flowmeter.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive changes in the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A stratum pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring method is characterized in that a stratum pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring device is used, whether leakage occurs at the bottom of a well is judged by changing the opening of a throttle valve and observing the change condition of the indication number of an outlet mass flowmeter, and the sizes of the stratum pore pressure and the leakage pressure can be calculated, so that the stratum pore pressure and the leakage pressure can be predicted without stopping drilling; the method comprises the following steps:
1) Measuring and calculating annular friction resistance loss Pf under normal circulation conditions; the method specifically comprises the following steps: closing the second mass flow meter valve, the third mass flow meter valve, the fifth mass flow meter valve and the sixth mass flow meter valve, opening the first mass flow meter valve and the fourth mass flow meter valve, and calculating the annular friction resistance loss according to a formula Pf = Pd-Ph-Pout, wherein Pd is the bottom hole pressure and the unit: MPa, obtained by measurement, and Pout is the wellhead pressure, unit: MPa, obtained by measurement, pf is annular friction loss, unit: MPa, ph is the annular liquid column pressure, unit: MPa is calculated by a formula Ph = rho gH, and rho is the density of the drilling fluid in the annulus, and the unit is as follows: g/cm 3 H is the liquid column height in the annulus, unit: m and g are gravity coefficients;
2) Reducing the opening degree of a flowmeter valve of the outlet pipeline, judging whether leakage occurs or not through the change of outlet flow, and if so, calculating leakage pressure Ploss;
3) Increasing the opening degree of a flowmeter valve of the outlet pipeline, judging whether well kick occurs or not according to the change of the outlet flow, and calculating the formation pore pressure Pkx;
the device for measuring the formation pore pressure and the leakage pressure comprises a drilling assembly, a mud pit, an inlet mass flow assembly, an outlet mass flow assembly and a data terminal; the mud pit is communicated with the drilling assembly through a liquid input pipeline and a liquid output pipeline, the inlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid input pipeline, the outlet mass flow assembly is communicated with the liquid output pipeline, and the inlet mass flow assembly and the outlet mass flow assembly are both electrically connected with a data terminal; the drilling assembly comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a shaft, the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the drill rod, the drill rod and the drill rod are both arranged in the shaft, the lower end of the drill rod is communicated with the shaft, the upper end of the drill rod is communicated with a liquid input pipeline, and the upper end of the shaft is communicated with a liquid output pipeline; the drilling fluid in the mud pit flows into a drill rod through a fluid input pipeline, enters a shaft through a drill bit, circulates upwards along the shaft to a wellhead, and flows back to the mud pit through a fluid output pipeline to form fluid circulation; the outlet mass flow component comprises a fourth mass flow meter valve, a fifth mass flow meter valve, a sixth mass flow meter valve, an outlet mass flow meter and two second parallel pipelines, the fourth mass flow meter valve is arranged on the liquid output pipeline, the outlet mass flow meter is connected with the fourth mass flow meter valve in parallel through the two second parallel pipelines, the fifth mass flow meter valve and the sixth mass flow meter valve are respectively arranged on the two second parallel pipelines, and the outlet mass flow meter acquires flow information of the liquid output pipeline and transmits the flow information to the data terminal; the inlet mass flow component comprises a first mass flow meter valve, a second mass flow meter valve, a third mass flow meter valve, an inlet mass flow meter and two first parallel pipelines, the first mass flow meter valve is arranged on the liquid input pipeline, the inlet mass flow meter is connected with the first mass flow meter valve in parallel through the two first parallel pipelines, the second mass flow meter valve and the third mass flow meter valve are respectively arranged on the two first parallel pipelines, and the inlet mass flow meter collects flow information of the liquid input pipeline and transmits the flow information to the data terminal.
2. The formation pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is specifically to open the second mass flow meter valve, the third mass flow meter valve, the fifth mass flow meter valve and the sixth mass flow meter valve, close the first mass flow meter valve and the fourth mass flow meter valve, gradually reduce the opening degree of the third mass flow meter valve, observe the flow measured by the outlet mass flow meter, and when the flow is reduced, leakage occurs, and measure the wellhead pressure Pout at that time; loss pressure Ploss is calculated by the formula Ploss = Pout + Ph + Pf.
3. The formation pore pressure and leakage pressure measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) is specifically to open the second mass flow meter valve, the third mass flow meter valve, the fifth mass flow meter valve and the sixth mass flow meter valve, close the first mass flow meter valve and the fourth mass flow meter valve, gradually increase the opening degree of the third mass flow meter valve, observe the flow measured by the outlet mass flow meter, and when the flow is increased, a kick occurs, and measure the wellhead pressure at that time Pout; formation pore pressure Pkx is calculated by the formula Pkx = Pout + Ph + Pf.
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| CN113533655B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-09-16 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device for simulating stratum respiration effect and control method |
| CN114991690A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-09-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Formation pressure test while drilling method and device |
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| US20020112888A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-08-22 | Christian Leuchtenberg | Drilling system and method |
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