CN111501790B - Staggered step type slope surface treatment method for mine refuse dump - Google Patents
Staggered step type slope surface treatment method for mine refuse dump Download PDFInfo
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- CN111501790B CN111501790B CN202010341175.4A CN202010341175A CN111501790B CN 111501790 B CN111501790 B CN 111501790B CN 202010341175 A CN202010341175 A CN 202010341175A CN 111501790 B CN111501790 B CN 111501790B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
Abstract
The invention discloses a cross stepped slope surface treatment method for a mine refuse dump, which comprises the following steps: trimming the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump to the total slope of less than 50 ℃; the method comprises the following steps that a staggered step structure is arranged on a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump, specifically, at least two groups of multi-row arc steps with the middle part arched upwards are dug in sequence from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and one ends of the two groups of multi-row arc steps are correspondingly and mutually staggered one by one; laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer; sequentially laying cultivation sheets from the arc-shaped step N close to the slope bottom to the arc-shaped step I at the slope top; shrubs are planted on the table tops at the two ends of the arc-shaped accommodating grooves. The method can quickly recover the vegetation cover of the mine waste dump and effectively maintain water and soil, avoids natural disasters, and can carry out certain leaching treatment on the soil polluted by heavy metals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological restoration, in particular to a staggered step type slope surface treatment method for a mine refuse dump.
Background
The development and utilization of mine mineral resources effectively promote the development of national and local economy and society, but a large amount of spoil is generated in the development process of the mineral resources, a series of large-scale dumping grounds are formed, and the serious water and soil loss of the large-scale dumping grounds of mines is an outstanding ecological environment problem in the development and construction process of the mineral resources. Moreover, as the mine spoil contains a large amount of gravels, the water retention and water retention capacity of the mine spoil is poor, the nutrients are few, although the soil of the spoil platform is compacted mechanically, the soil quality of the side slope is loose, the cohesive force among natural soil body particles is lacked, and the corrosion resistance and the impact resistance are poor; the spoil is artificially accumulated, has large height difference, steep side slope and extremely unstable form and has a topographic condition of severe soil erosion; the unique habitat conditions of the mine waste dump lead to the difficulty of rapid growth of vegetation in a short time, so that the mine waste dump is in a non-vegetation-covered state for a long time. Therefore, under the dual action of hydraulic power and gravity erosion, the mine waste dump has serious soil erosion, and particularly, on a high and steep slope of the waste dump, not only the fine groove, but also a shallow groove and a cutting groove are developed, and even a landslide and a debris flow are formed. For a long time, due to the lack of an effective treatment responsibility system and a vegetation recovery mode, the serious ecological environment problems such as water and soil loss, geological disasters and the like are generated, soil pollution and water pollution are caused, and the social stability around a mine, the normal production life and the body health of local people and the like are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a staggered step type slope surface treatment method for the mine refuse dump, which avoids natural disasters, can carry out certain leaching treatment on the soil polluted by heavy metals and effectively prevents the soil with the overproof heavy metal content at the bottom of the slope from polluting the surrounding environment.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for treating a slope of a mine dump in a staggered step manner, comprising the steps of:
step one, trimming a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump to a total gradient of less than 50 degrees;
step two, arranging a staggered step structure on the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump, specifically digging at least two groups of arc steps with the middle part arched upwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in sequence, wherein one ends of the two groups of arc steps are staggered one by one, and one end of one of the arc steps is propped against the step surface of the other arc step; at least two arc-shaped accommodating grooves are respectively dug in the length direction of the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps on the table top of any one group of multiple rows of arc-shaped steps; the arc-shaped accommodating grooves on the at least two groups of the arc-shaped steps are not mutually overlapped;
thirdly, laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer with the thickness not more than 7cm, wherein the length direction of the corn straws or the reed straws is consistent with the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove;
step four, laying cultivation sheet bodies in sequence from the arc step N close to the slope bottom to the arc step I at the slope top, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
4.1, laying a cultivation sheet body made of a non-woven fabric substrate on the straw layer of the arc-shaped step N, wherein the front end of the cultivation sheet body extends outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped accommodating groove and then extends downwards to the slope bottom;
4.2, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-1 of the arc-shaped step N, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped containing groove and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N, filling the arc-shaped containing groove with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating soil above the arc-shaped containing groove to a slope N with the slope smaller than the slope A, and compacting;
4.3, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-2 of the arc-shaped step N-1, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped holding tank and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N-1, filling the arc-shaped holding tank with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, and then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped holding tank to a slope surface N-1 with the slope smaller than the slope surface A and compacting the soil;
4.4, repeating the steps for 4.3 until the arc-shaped steps I are laid, then extending downwards from the top of the slope to form at least two fixing rods, sequentially inserting the lower ends of the fixing rods into the cultivation sheet body of the arc-shaped steps I, the straw layer and the bottoms of the arc-shaped containing grooves, fixing at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes on the at least two fixing rods at intervals transversely, uniformly distributing a plurality of spray holes on the pipe walls of the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, filling the arc-shaped containing grooves with soil close to the bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped containing grooves to cover the at least two fixing rods and the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes and form a slope I with a gradient smaller than that of; and
and fifthly, transplanting shrubs on the table tops at the two ends of the plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves and at the mutually contacted positions of the step surfaces of the two arc-shaped steps which are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, the width of the table top of the arc-shaped step I is at least 4m, and the radian of each row of arc-shaped steps is less than 0.8 radian.
Preferably, the arc-shaped receiving groove has an opening width of not more than 2m and a depth of at least 0.5 m.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent arc-shaped steps of the same group of the multiple rows of the arc-shaped steps is at least 5 m.
Preferably, 4.4 of the fourth step further comprises the following steps:
a water supply system is adopted to supply water into at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, and the volume ratio of the primary water supply L to the soil quantity M filled in the holding tank is 1:12-1: 15;
compacting the slope I again, and then supplementing soil again to form a slope I ', so that the slope I' is approximately equal to the slope I in gradient.
Preferably, the water supply system comprises a water supply tank arranged on a slope top platform; a high-pressure pump provided in the water supply tank; and one end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the high-pressure pump, and the other end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes.
Preferably, the aperture of the spray hole of any one arc-shaped spray pipe is less than 5 mm.
Preferably, the cultivation sheet body is a sheet-shaped bag body, and the sheet-shaped bag body further comprises a non-woven fabric layer which is arranged on the lower surface of the sheet-shaped bag body; a degradable plastic provided as an upper surface of the sheet bag body; filling cultivation soil with drought-resistant grass seeds in the flaky bag body; the reticular reinforcing ribs are arranged on the flaky bag body in a criss-cross mode and divide and fix the flaky bag body and the cultivation soil into a plurality of accommodating cavities; the heavy metal ion adsorption film is covered on the upper surface of the degradable plastic along the longitudinal ribs or the transverse ribs of the reticular reinforcing ribs; the adsorption guide column is a tubular body formed by a heavy metal ion adsorption film, one end of the tubular body is connected to the upper surface of the heavy metal adsorption film, the other end of the tubular body extends to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer along a through hole of a sheet-shaped bag body penetrated by the reticular reinforcing ribs, and the lower end of the tubular body is of a multi-branch structure and is attached to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer.
Preferably, the specification of the cultivation sheet body is as follows: the length is 8-15m, the width is 5-10m, and the thickness is 3-10 cm.
Preferably, the total coverage area of the cultivation sheet body is less than 70% of the total slope surface area of the slopes I to N.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps can reduce the overall height of the slope surface A and improve the stability of the slope surface A; on the other hand, rainwater can be guided to diffuse along the arc-shaped step surface to two sides to a certain extent, the water content of the slope is improved, and surface runoff is prevented from forming; the arc-shaped accommodating groove can be paved with a straw layer at the bottom of the groove body so as to improve the water containing amount and the organic matter content and improve the air permeability at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove; on the other hand, the cultivation sheet body can be effectively fixed, and the earth surface vegetation recovery can be assisted and rapidly completed; the cultivation sheet body of the non-woven fabric substrate has flexibility, can be adaptively deformed along with the topography of the laying position of the cultivation sheet body, improves the combination degree of the cultivation sheet body and a slope body, further, part of cultivation sheet bodies are laid on the straw layer and compacted and fixed by filling soil, construction is convenient, the fixed combination degree of the cultivation sheet body and the slope body is high, and the cultivation sheet body is not easy to slip; in the process of laying the cultivation sheet bodies layer by layer from the slope bottom to the slope top, the heavy metal contaminated soil close to the slope bottom is adjusted to the position close to the slope top, and leaching and vegetation adsorption are facilitated to remove heavy metals in the soil.
In conclusion, the method can quickly recover the vegetation cover of the mine waste dump and effectively maintain water and soil, avoids natural disasters, can carry out certain leaching treatment on the soil polluted by heavy metals, and effectively prevents the soil with the overproof heavy metal content at the bottom of the slope from polluting the surrounding environment.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of treating a stepped slope surface in a mine dump according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a slope surface of a mine dump according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves are in perspective view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first arcuate step adjacent the top of a hill in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of a portion of a tablet body to which a heavy metal adsorption film is attached according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for treating a slope surface of a mine refuse dump in a staggered step manner comprises the following steps:
step one, trimming a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump 100 to a total gradient of 35 degrees, 40 degrees or 45 degrees;
step two, arranging a staggered step structure on the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump, specifically digging at least two groups of arc steps 10 with the middle part arched upwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in sequence, wherein one ends of the two groups of arc steps are staggered one by one, and one end of one of the arc steps which are staggered one by one is propped against the step surface of the other arc step; at least two arc-shaped accommodating grooves 101 are respectively dug in the length direction of the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps on the table top of any one group of multiple rows of arc-shaped steps; the arc-shaped accommodating grooves on the at least two groups of the arc-shaped steps are not mutually overlapped; as shown in fig. 2, from top to bottom, the length of the arc-shaped accommodating groove can be adjusted along with the length of the arc-shaped step, so as to conveniently arrange a proper number of arc-shaped accommodating grooves;
thirdly, laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer 102 with the thickness not more than 7cm, wherein the length direction of the corn straws or the reed straws is consistent with the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove;
step four, laying cultivation sheet bodies in sequence from the arc step N close to the slope bottom to the arc step I at the slope top, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
4.1, laying a cultivation sheet body made of a non-woven fabric substrate on the straw layer of the arc-shaped step N, wherein the front end of the cultivation sheet body extends outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped accommodating groove and then extends downwards to the slope bottom;
4.2, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-1 of the arc-shaped step N, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped containing groove and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N, filling the arc-shaped containing groove with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating soil above the arc-shaped containing groove to a slope N with the slope smaller than the slope A, and compacting;
4.3, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-2 of the arc-shaped step N-1, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped holding tank and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N-1, filling the arc-shaped holding tank with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, and then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped holding tank to a slope surface N-1 with the slope smaller than the slope surface A and compacting the soil;
4.4, repeating the steps for 4.3 until the arc-shaped steps I are laid, then extending downwards from the top of the slope to form at least two fixing rods 20, sequentially inserting the lower ends of the fixing rods into the cultivation sheet body, the straw layer and the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove of the arc-shaped steps I, fixing at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes 30 on the at least two fixing rods at intervals transversely, uniformly distributing a plurality of spray holes on the pipe walls of the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, then filling the arc-shaped accommodating groove with soil close to the bottom of the mine soil discharge field, then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped accommodating groove to cover the at least two fixing rods and the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes and forming a slope I with the gradient smaller; and
and step five, transplanting shrubs 40 on the table tops at the two ends of the plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves and at the mutually contacted positions of the step surfaces of the two arc-shaped steps which are arranged in a mutually staggered mode. The quantity of the transplanted shrubs is processed according to the actual planting area.
In the scheme, the plurality of rows of arc-shaped steps can reduce the overall height of the slope surface A and improve the stability of the slope surface A; on the other hand, rainwater can be guided to diffuse along the arc-shaped step surface to two sides to a certain extent, the water content of the slope is improved, and surface runoff is prevented from forming; the arc-shaped accommodating groove can be paved with a straw layer at the bottom of the groove body so as to improve the water containing amount and the organic matter content and improve the air permeability at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove; on the other hand, the cultivation sheet body can be effectively fixed, and the earth surface vegetation recovery can be assisted and rapidly completed; the cultivation sheet body of the non-woven fabric substrate has flexibility, can be adaptively deformed along with the topography of the laying position of the cultivation sheet body, improves the combination degree of the cultivation sheet body and a slope body, further, part of cultivation sheet bodies are laid on the straw layer and compacted and fixed by filling soil, construction is convenient, the fixed combination degree of the cultivation sheet body and the slope body is high, and the cultivation sheet body is not easy to slip; in the process of laying the cultivation sheet bodies layer by layer from the slope bottom to the slope top, the heavy metal contaminated soil close to the slope bottom is adjusted to the position close to the slope top, and leaching and vegetation adsorption are facilitated to remove heavy metals in the soil.
In conclusion, the method can quickly recover the vegetation cover of the mine waste dump and effectively maintain water and soil, avoids natural disasters, can carry out certain leaching treatment on the soil polluted by heavy metals, and effectively prevents the soil with the overproof heavy metal content at the bottom of the slope from polluting the surrounding environment.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the step surface of the arc-shaped step I is at least 4m, for example, 4m, 4.5m or 5m, and the radian of each row of arc-shaped steps is less than 0.8 radian.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the opening of the arc-shaped accommodating groove is not more than 2m, and the depth of the arc-shaped accommodating groove is at least 0.5 m.
In a preferable scheme, the distance between two adjacent arc steps is at least 5 m.
In a preferred embodiment, 4.4 of the fourth step further comprises the following steps: a water supply system is adopted to supply water into at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, and the volume ratio of the primary water supply L to the soil quantity M filled in the holding tank is 1:12-1: 15; compacting the slope I again, and then supplementing soil again to form a slope I ', so that the slope I' is approximately equal to the slope I in gradient. In this scheme, carry out inside to domatic I and spray and the compaction is handled, can improve the shock resistance to domatic I.
In a preferred scheme, a plurality of spray holes are uniformly distributed on the pipe body of any one arc-shaped spray pipe, and the aperture of each spray hole is smaller than 5 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply system includes a water supply tank 50 disposed at the top of a hill; a high-pressure pump provided in the water supply tank; and one end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the high-pressure pump, and the other end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes.
As shown in fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the cultivation sheet body is a sheet-shaped bag body, and the sheet-shaped bag body further comprises a non-woven fabric layer 601 which is arranged as the lower surface of the sheet-shaped bag body; a degradable plastic 602 provided as an upper surface of the sheet bag body; filling cultivation soil with drought-resistant grass seeds in the flaky bag body; the reticular reinforcing ribs 603 are arranged on the flaky bag body in a criss-cross manner, and divide and fix the flaky bag body together with the cultivation soil into a plurality of accommodating cavities; the cultivating soil can be respectively fixed in the plurality of accommodating cavities, so that the cultivating soil of the cultivating sheet body is uniformly distributed; a heavy metal ion adsorption film 604 covering the upper surface of the degradable plastic along the longitudinal ribs or the transverse ribs of the mesh-shaped reinforcing ribs; the adsorption guide column 605 is a tubular body formed by a heavy metal ion adsorption film, one end of the tubular body is connected to the upper surface of the heavy metal adsorption film, the other end of the tubular body extends to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer along a through hole of a sheet-shaped bag body through which the net-shaped reinforcing rib penetrates, and the lower end of the tubular body is of a multi-branch structure and is attached to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer. In this scheme, the lower extreme adsorbable heavy metal ion of siphonozooid, guide it to the heavy metal ion adsorption film along adsorbing the guide post on, handle 10-12 months after, can get rid of the heavy metal adsorption film manual work to effectively improve the heavy metal and get rid of the effect.
In a preferred scheme, the specification of cultivation lamellar body is: the length is 8-15m, the width is 5-10m, and the thickness is 3-10 cm. The length direction of the cultivating sheet body is approximately vertical to the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove; the length of arc holding tank slightly is greater than the width of cultivating the lamellar body.
In a preferred scheme, the total coverage area of the cultivation sheet body is less than 70% of the total slope surface area of the slopes I to N.
Example 1
A mine refuse dump staggered step type slope surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
step one, trimming a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump 100 until the total gradient is 45 degrees;
step two, arranging a staggered step structure on the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump, specifically digging at least two groups of arc steps 10 with the middle part arched upwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in sequence, wherein one ends of the two groups of arc steps are staggered one by one, and one end of one of the arc steps which are staggered one by one is propped against the step surface of the other arc step; at least two arc-shaped accommodating grooves 101 are respectively dug in the length direction of the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps on the table top of any one group of multiple rows of arc-shaped steps; the arc-shaped accommodating grooves on the at least two groups of the arc-shaped steps are not mutually overlapped; as shown in fig. 2, from top to bottom, the length of the arc-shaped accommodating groove can be adjusted along with the length of the arc-shaped step, so as to conveniently arrange a proper number of arc-shaped accommodating grooves;
thirdly, laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer 102 with the thickness of 7cm, wherein the length direction of the corn straws or the reed straws is consistent with the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove;
step four, laying cultivation sheet bodies in sequence from the arc step N close to the slope bottom to the arc step I at the slope top, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
4.1, laying a cultivation sheet body made of a non-woven fabric substrate on the straw layer of the arc-shaped step N, wherein the front end of the cultivation sheet body extends outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped accommodating groove and then extends downwards to the slope bottom;
4.2, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-1 of the arc-shaped step N, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped containing groove and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N, filling the arc-shaped containing groove with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating soil above the arc-shaped containing groove to a slope N with the slope smaller than the slope A, and compacting;
4.3, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-2 of the arc-shaped step N-1, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped holding tank and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N-1, filling the arc-shaped holding tank with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, and then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped holding tank to a slope surface N-1 with the slope smaller than the slope surface A and compacting the soil;
4.4, repeating the steps for 4.3 until the arc-shaped steps I are laid, then extending downwards from the top of the slope to form at least two fixing rods 20, sequentially inserting the lower ends of the fixing rods into the cultivation sheet body, the straw layer and the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove of the arc-shaped steps I, fixing at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes 30 on the at least two fixing rods at intervals transversely, uniformly distributing a plurality of spray holes on the pipe walls of the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, then filling the arc-shaped accommodating groove with soil close to the bottom of the mine soil discharge field, then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped accommodating groove to cover the at least two fixing rods and the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes and forming a slope I with the gradient smaller; and
and step five, transplanting shrubs 40 on the table tops at the two ends of the plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves and at the mutually contacted positions of the step surfaces of the two arc-shaped steps which are arranged in a mutually staggered mode. The quantity of the transplanted shrubs is processed according to the actual planting area.
Wherein, the mesa width of arc step I is 4m, and the radian of every row of arc step is 0.7 radian.
The opening width of arc holding tank is 2m, and the degree of depth of arc holding tank is 0.5 m.
The distance between two adjacent arc steps in the plurality of arc steps in the same group is 5 m.
4.4 of the fourth step further comprises the following steps: a water supply system is adopted to supply water into at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, and the volume ratio of the primary water supply quantity L to the soil quantity M filled in the holding tank is 1: 12; compacting the slope I again, and then supplementing soil again to form a slope I ', so that the slope I' is approximately equal to the slope I in gradient. In this scheme, carry out inside to domatic I and spray and the compaction is handled, can improve the shock resistance to domatic I.
The specification of cultivating the lamellar body does: the length is 8m, the width is 5m, and the thickness is 5 cm. The length direction of the cultivating sheet body is approximately vertical to the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove; the length of arc holding tank slightly is greater than the width of cultivating the lamellar body.
The total coverage area of the cultivation sheet body is 55-60% of the total slope surface area of the slope surface I-slope surface N.
Example 2
A mine refuse dump staggered step type slope surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
step one, trimming a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump 100 to a total gradient of 40 degrees;
step two, arranging a staggered step structure on the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump, specifically digging at least two groups of arc steps 10 with the middle part arched upwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in sequence, wherein one ends of the two groups of arc steps are staggered one by one, and one end of one of the arc steps which are staggered one by one is propped against the step surface of the other arc step; at least two arc-shaped accommodating grooves 101 are respectively dug in the length direction of the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps on the table top of any one group of multiple rows of arc-shaped steps; the arc-shaped accommodating grooves on the at least two groups of the arc-shaped steps are not mutually overlapped; as shown in fig. 2, from top to bottom, the length of the arc-shaped accommodating groove can be adjusted along with the length of the arc-shaped step, so as to conveniently arrange a proper number of arc-shaped accommodating grooves;
thirdly, laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer 102 with the thickness of 6cm, wherein the length direction of the corn straws or the reed straws is consistent with the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove;
step four, laying cultivation sheet bodies in sequence from the arc step N close to the slope bottom to the arc step I at the slope top, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
4.1, laying a cultivation sheet body made of a non-woven fabric substrate on the straw layer of the arc-shaped step N, wherein the front end of the cultivation sheet body extends outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped accommodating groove and then extends downwards to the slope bottom;
4.2, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-1 of the arc-shaped step N, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped containing groove and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N, filling the arc-shaped containing groove with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating soil above the arc-shaped containing groove to a slope N with the slope smaller than the slope A, and compacting;
4.3, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-2 of the arc-shaped step N-1, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped holding tank and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N-1, filling the arc-shaped holding tank with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, and then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped holding tank to a slope surface N-1 with the slope smaller than the slope surface A and compacting the soil;
4.4, repeating the steps for 4.3 until the arc-shaped steps I are laid, then extending downwards from the top of the slope to form at least two fixing rods 20, sequentially inserting the lower ends of the fixing rods into the cultivation sheet body, the straw layer and the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove of the arc-shaped steps I, fixing at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes 30 on the at least two fixing rods at intervals transversely, uniformly distributing a plurality of spray holes on the pipe walls of the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, then filling the arc-shaped accommodating groove with soil close to the bottom of the mine soil discharge field, then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped accommodating groove to cover the at least two fixing rods and the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes and forming a slope I with the gradient smaller; 4.4 of the fourth step further comprises the following steps: a water supply system is adopted to supply water into at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, and the volume ratio of the primary water supply quantity L to the soil quantity M filled in the holding tank is 1: 15; compacting the slope I again, and then supplementing soil again to form a slope I ', so that the slope I' is approximately equal to the slope I in gradient.
The cultivation sheet body is a sheet-shaped bag body, and the sheet-shaped bag body further comprises a non-woven fabric layer 601 which is arranged on the lower surface of the sheet-shaped bag body; a degradable plastic 602 provided as an upper surface of the sheet bag body; filling cultivation soil with drought-resistant grass seeds in the flaky bag body; the reticular reinforcing ribs 603 are arranged on the flaky bag body in a criss-cross manner, and divide and fix the flaky bag body together with the cultivation soil into a plurality of accommodating cavities; the cultivating soil can be respectively fixed in the plurality of accommodating cavities, so that the cultivating soil of the cultivating sheet body is uniformly distributed; a heavy metal ion adsorption film 604 covering the upper surface of the degradable plastic along the longitudinal ribs or the transverse ribs of the mesh-shaped reinforcing ribs; an adsorption guide column 605 which is a tubular body formed by the heavy metal ion adsorption film, wherein one end of the tubular body is connected to the upper surface of the heavy metal adsorption film, the other end of the tubular body is arranged in a manner that the reticular reinforcing ribs penetrate through the through holes of the flaky bag body and extend towards the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer, and the lower end of the tubular body is in a multi-branch structure and is attached to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer; and
and step five, transplanting shrubs 40 on the table tops at the two ends of the plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves and at the mutually contacted positions of the step surfaces of the two arc-shaped steps which are arranged in a mutually staggered mode. The quantity of the transplanted shrubs is processed according to the actual planting area.
Wherein, the mesa width of arc step I is 5m, and the radian of every row of arc step is 0.6 radian.
The opening width of arc holding tank is 1.5m, and the degree of depth of arc holding tank is 0.7 m.
The distance between two adjacent arc steps is 7 m.
A plurality of spray holes are uniformly distributed on the pipe body of any one arc-shaped spray pipe, and the aperture of each spray hole is smaller than 5 mm.
The water supply system comprises a water supply tank 50 arranged on a top of the slope platform; a high-pressure pump provided in the water supply tank; and one end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the high-pressure pump, and the other end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes.
The specification of cultivating the lamellar body does: the length is 15m, the width is 10m, and the thickness is 10 cm. The length direction of the cultivating sheet body is approximately vertical to the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove; the length of arc holding tank slightly is greater than the width of cultivating the lamellar body.
The total coverage area of the cultivation sheet body is less than 65-69% of the total slope surface area of the slope surfaces I-N.
By applying the method of the invention, an experimental group 1 (example 1) and an experimental group 2 (example 2) are arranged on the south slope surface of the same mine refuse dump, and a control group 1 and a control group 2 which only spray the same amount of cultivation soil with grass seeds are arranged at the same time, and the specific results are shown in the following table 1:
table 1:
remarking:
1. the evaluation standard of the runoff erosion resistance is specifically as follows:
and (3) excellent: the surface runoff area is less than 5% of the area of a treatment area (a mine refuse dump platform area or a slope);
good: the surface runoff area exceeds 20% of the area of the treatment area;
difference: the surface flow area exceeds 40% of the area of the treatment area.
While example 1, example 2, control 3 and control 4 were performed, representative sampling points were taken and 12 soil samples were collected in each area before and after treatment. The sampling depth is 0-10 cm, and the sampling depth is mainly a slope soil sample and a slope bottom soil sample. The sample is collected, sealed in a polyethylene plastic bag and taken back to a laboratory for analysis. And drying and crushing the soil sample, and sieving the soil sample by a sieve with the aperture of 0.25 mm. According to the characteristics of the pollution of the mining area, heavy metal elements are selected for determination, Pb and As are selected in the method, and the content of organic matters is determined at the same time. Pb was measured by graphite furnace-atomic absorption method, and As was measured by courtyard fluorescence method. The specific results are shown in table 2 below:
table 2:
in summary, as can be seen from table 1, the method for treating the slope surface of the mine waste dump in the staggered step manner provided by the invention can quickly recover the vegetation coverage rate of at least 92% within 1 year, effectively prevent the mine waste dump from serious water and soil loss, and generate certain social and ecological benefits; as can be seen from Table 2, the staggered and stepped slope treatment method for the mine refuse dump provided by the invention can obviously reduce the heavy metal content of the slope soil and the pollution intensity level of the heavy metal while recovering the vegetation coverage.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A mine refuse dump staggered step type slope surface treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, trimming a slope surface A of a mine refuse dump to a total gradient of less than 50 degrees;
step two, arranging a staggered step structure on the slope surface A of the mine refuse dump, specifically digging at least two groups of arc steps with the middle part arched upwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in sequence, wherein one ends of the two groups of arc steps are staggered one by one, and one end of one of the arc steps is propped against the step surface of the other arc step; at least two arc-shaped accommodating grooves are respectively dug in the length direction of the multiple rows of arc-shaped steps on the table top of any one group of multiple rows of arc-shaped steps; the arc-shaped accommodating grooves on the at least two groups of the arc-shaped steps are not mutually overlapped;
thirdly, laying the soaked and rolled corn straws or reed straws at the bottom of the arc-shaped accommodating groove to form a straw layer with the thickness not more than 7cm, wherein the length direction of the corn straws or the reed straws is consistent with the length direction of the arc-shaped accommodating groove;
step four, laying cultivation sheet bodies in sequence from the arc step N close to the slope bottom to the arc step I at the slope top, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
4.1, laying a cultivation sheet body made of a non-woven fabric substrate on the straw layer of the arc-shaped step N, wherein the front end of the cultivation sheet body extends outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped accommodating groove and then extends downwards to the slope bottom;
4.2, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-1 of the arc-shaped step N, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped containing groove and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N, filling the arc-shaped containing groove with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating soil above the arc-shaped containing groove to a slope N with the slope smaller than the slope A, and compacting;
4.3, laying a cultivation sheet body on the straw layer of the last adjacent arc-shaped step N-2 of the arc-shaped step N-1, extending the front end of the cultivation sheet body outwards to the outer edge of the arc-shaped holding tank and then downwards extending to the arc-shaped step N-1, filling the arc-shaped holding tank with soil close to the slope bottom of the mine refuse dump, and then continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped holding tank to a slope surface N-1 with the slope smaller than the slope surface A and compacting the soil;
4.4, repeating the steps for 4.3 until the arc-shaped steps I are laid, then extending downwards from the top of the slope to form at least two fixing rods, sequentially inserting the lower ends of the fixing rods into the cultivation sheet body of the arc-shaped steps I, the straw layer and the bottoms of the arc-shaped containing grooves, fixing at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes on the at least two fixing rods at intervals transversely, uniformly distributing a plurality of spray holes on the pipe walls of the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, filling the arc-shaped containing grooves with soil close to the bottom of the mine refuse dump, continuously accumulating the soil above the arc-shaped containing grooves to cover the at least two fixing rods and the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes and form a slope I with a gradient smaller than that of; and
and fifthly, transplanting shrubs on the table tops at the two ends of the plurality of arc-shaped accommodating grooves and at the mutually contacted positions of the step surfaces of the two arc-shaped steps which are arranged in a staggered mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the width of the step of the arcuate step is at least 4m, and the arc of each row of arcuate steps is less than 0.8 arc.
3. The mine refuse dump stepped slope treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the opening of the arc-shaped accommodating groove is not more than 2m, and the depth of the arc-shaped accommodating groove is at least 0.5 m.
4. The mine refuse dump stepped slope treatment method of claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent curved steps of a same set of rows of curved steps is at least 5 m.
5. The mine refuse dump staggered step slope treatment method according to claim 1, wherein 4.4 of the fourth step further comprises the steps of:
a water supply system is adopted to supply water into at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes, and the volume ratio of the primary water supply L to the soil quantity M filled in the holding tank is 1:12-1: 15;
compacting the slope I again, and then supplementing soil again to form a slope I ', so that the slope I' is approximately equal to the slope I in gradient.
6. The mine refuse dump stepped ramp processing method according to claim 5, wherein the water supply system includes a water supply tank disposed at a top ramp platform; a high-pressure pump provided in the water supply tank; and one end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the high-pressure pump, and the other end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the at least two arc-shaped spraying pipes.
7. The mine refuse dump staggered step slope surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the spray hole of any one arc-shaped spray pipe is less than 5 mm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation sheet is a sheet-shaped bag, and the sheet-shaped bag further comprises a non-woven fabric layer disposed as a lower surface of the sheet-shaped bag; a degradable plastic provided as an upper surface of the sheet bag body; filling cultivation soil with drought-resistant grass seeds in the flaky bag body; the reticular reinforcing ribs are arranged on the flaky bag body in a criss-cross mode and divide and fix the flaky bag body and the cultivation soil into a plurality of accommodating cavities; the heavy metal ion adsorption film is covered on the upper surface of the degradable plastic along the longitudinal ribs or the transverse ribs of the reticular reinforcing ribs; the adsorption guide column is a tubular body formed by a heavy metal ion adsorption film, one end of the tubular body is connected to the upper surface of the heavy metal adsorption film, the other end of the tubular body extends to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer along a through hole of a sheet-shaped bag body penetrated by the reticular reinforcing ribs, and the lower end of the tubular body is of a multi-branch structure and is attached to the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer.
9. The mine refuse dump staggered step slope surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the specifications of the cultivation sheet body are as follows: the length is 8-15m, the width is 5-10m, and the thickness is 3-10 cm.
10. The mine refuse dump staggered step slope treatment method of claim 1, wherein the total coverage area of the plant sheets is less than 70% of the total slope area of the slope i to the slope N.
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| JPH10195878A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1998-07-28 | Yutaka Fukuzumi | Tree planting method for slope face |
| JP2006138097A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2006-06-01 | Geo System Co Ltd | Greening method for concrete block type retaining wall |
| CN102392455A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Technique for safe improvement as well as ecological repair and reconstruction of mine soil discharge yard |
| CN105839649A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-10 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for metal mine waste storage yard |
| CN105908802A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 山东大学 | Ecotype rainwater quality-divided accumulation and storage system and building method for hilly region |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10195878A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1998-07-28 | Yutaka Fukuzumi | Tree planting method for slope face |
| JP2006138097A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2006-06-01 | Geo System Co Ltd | Greening method for concrete block type retaining wall |
| CN102392455A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Technique for safe improvement as well as ecological repair and reconstruction of mine soil discharge yard |
| CN105839649A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-10 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for metal mine waste storage yard |
| CN105908802A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 山东大学 | Ecotype rainwater quality-divided accumulation and storage system and building method for hilly region |
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