CN111494718A - 一种动物去细胞化肺生物支架材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种动物去细胞化肺生物支架材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种动物去细胞化肺生物支架材料的制备方法,属于组织工程和再生医学领域。传统的去细胞化肺生物支架材料,是通过灌注去垢剂来去除细胞的,去垢剂在去除细胞的同时,会有损细胞外基质(ECM),进而影响支架结构。本发明的方法创造性地提出了使用右旋糖溶液等ECM保护剂灌注气管,减少去垢剂对ECM的破坏,由此更容易平衡ECM保留与细胞成分去除两者之间的矛盾,得到细胞去除更彻底、ECM更完好的支架材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于组织工程和再生医学领域。
背景技术
由慢性阻塞性肺炎、肺间质纤维化等疾病引发的肺功能衰竭已经成为困扰医学界的一大难题。迄今为止,肺移植是临床上唯一有效的根治方法,但其开展受到供体肺短缺、供体肺转运中储存困难、手术过程繁复等因素的制约。作为原位器官移植的潜在替代治疗手段,组织工程器官技术具有来源多样、治疗方式简便等优点,正在逐渐受到重视。
多项研究表明,生物支架对支持细胞的分布、分化、再生、维持功能起到关键作用,是组织工程和再生医学领域研究的核心之一。其中,细胞外基质(ECM)无疑是一种优秀的天然生物支架材料。其具有与原组织相同的基质成分(如胶原、纤连蛋白、弹力蛋白等)和三维立体微结构,同时含有丰富的细胞因子和生长因子,与人工合成材料相比具有明显优势。在众多细胞外基质制备方法中,全器官灌注去细胞化无疑是最具潜力的一种。其原理是通过肺脏天然的脉管和气管结构,在保持器官完整性的情况下,灌注去垢剂、核酸酶、酸、碱、盐或螯合剂等试剂脱细胞,获得完整的细胞外支架网络。去垢剂是高效脱除细胞必不可少的试剂,常见的用于制备去细胞化肺生物支架材料的去垢剂包括:Triton X-100、SDS、CHAPS和SLES。任何去垢剂都不可避免的破坏ECM,但去垢剂过于温和或者浓度太低又无法有效脱细胞。因此,人们一直致力试验新的去垢剂或者去垢剂组合,来平衡脱细胞效率和ECM保护之间的矛盾。以猪为代表的大型动物,由于其器官规格和功能与人相近,有望在未来用于器官移植治疗各种终末期器官衰竭,为再生医学治疗提供新的器官来源。而且,目前国内外获取去细胞化肺生物支架材料的方法主要适用于大鼠等小型动物,应用于大型动物或脱细胞效率较低、效果不稳定,或对细胞外基质成分损伤较大(参考文献Petersen TH,Calle EA,Zhao L,Lee EJ,Gui L,Raredon MB,Gavrilov K,Yi T,Zhuang ZW,Breuer C,Herzog E,Niklason LE.Tissue-engineered lungs for invivoimplantation.Science.2010;329:538–541;Ott HC,Clippinger B,Conrad C,Schuetz C,Pomerantseva I,Ikonomou L,Kotton D,Vacanti JP.Regeneration and orthotopic transplantation of abioartificial lung.Nat Med.2010;329:538-541),脱细胞效率和ECM保护之间的矛盾更加凸显。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:提供一种去细胞效率可靠稳定、且对细胞外基质成分良好保留的去细胞化肺生物支架的方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种动物去细胞化肺生物支架材料的制备方法,包括:取肺脏,从气管灌注ECM保护剂后,再通过肺内血管灌注去垢剂,除去细胞成分;
所述ECM保护剂为渗透压10~160mOsm/L的右旋糖溶液、右旋糖酐溶液、蔗糖溶液、含葡萄糖的生理盐水或羟乙基淀粉溶液。
如前述的制备方法,所述ECM保护剂为10mOsm/L的右旋糖溶液。
如前述的制备方法,所述肺脏为大型动物的肺脏;优选的,所述大型动物为犬、猪、羊或灵长类动物;进一步优选的,所述大型动物为猪。
如前述的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)从气管灌注ECM保护剂;
2)从肺动脉或静脉灌注离子型去垢剂水溶液;
3)洗涤去除残留离子型去垢剂。
如前述的制备方法,步骤2)中的离子型去垢剂水溶液是0.25%~1.5%v/v的SLES,优选的,SLES浓度为1%v/v;
和/或,灌注时间为12~36h,优选的,灌注时间为24h。
如前述的制备方法,步骤3)是从肺内血管灌注非离子型去垢剂水溶液或水;
优选的,所述非离子型去垢剂水溶液是1%v/v的Triton X-100溶液;
和/或,灌注时间为6~24h,优选的,灌注时间为12h。
如前述的制备方法,步骤1)中,灌注ECM保护剂之前,先灌注生理盐水去除残留空气。
如前述的制备方法,步骤1)之前,还包括对肺进行冰冻、解冻。
如前述的制备方法,所述冰冻是在-20摄氏度冻存至少24小时。
如前述的制备方法,步骤4)后还包括对肺生物支架材料进行无菌处理;
所述无菌处理包括使用0.03%~0.05%v/v H2O2溶液,70%~75%v/v乙醇溶液和含有抗生素的PBS灌洗;
灌洗时间为:H2O2溶液10~15分钟,乙醇溶液15~20分钟,含有抗生素的PBS 24~36h。
前述方法制备得到的去细胞化肺生物支架材料。
术语“小型动物”指:成体体重5kg以下为小型动物,如啮齿类、家兔等。
术语“大型动物”指:成体体重5kg以上为大型动物,如犬类、猪类、羊类或猴类等。
术语“右旋糖”指:D-葡萄糖。
术语“右旋糖酐”指:D-葡萄糖的聚合物,优选的,分子量70000。
本发明的细胞化肺生物支架材料制备方法,在经血管灌注去垢剂前,先经气管灌注ECM保护剂,可以增强ECM对去垢剂的耐受性,削弱脱细胞效率和ECM保护之间的矛盾。
因此,本发明的方法有利于维持支架材料的稳定性,同时提高细胞成分的去除力度,最终得到耐降解、免疫原性低的去细胞化肺生物支架材料。显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1为未去细胞化猪肺(图1A)和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料(图1B)。
图2为未去细胞化猪肺和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料的HE和DAPI染色结果。
图3为未去细胞化猪肺和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料样品DNA含量结果。
图4为经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料(图4A)和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料(图4B)。
图5为经过(Dex-SLES)和未经(SLES)右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料胶原含量结果。
图6为经过(Dex-SLES)和未经(SLES)右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料糖胺多糖GAG含量结果。
图7为经过(Dex-SLES)和未经(SLES)右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料Gomori醛品红弹力纤维染色和AB-PAS粘蛋白染色结果。
图8为经过(Dex-SLES)和未经(SLES)右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料I型胶原、IV型胶原、纤连蛋白和层粘连蛋白免疫荧光染色结果。
图9为经过(Dex-SLES)和未经(SLES)右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料植入大鼠大网膜中1周和4周时的HE染色结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料的制备
用舒泰麻醉动物,经过全身肝素化后,取出肺脏。将导管从肺动脉和气管插入并固定。从肺动脉的套管处灌注2L含有肝素(剂量足以抗凝血即可)的PBS溶液(还可以是其他含有抗凝血物质的等渗溶液,如:含有钙离子螯合剂的水溶液、低分子肝素、肝素类似物等),灌注时间为0.5小时,之后放入-20℃冰箱冻存至少24小时。猪肺充分解冻后,从气管先后灌注0.9%m/v生理盐水和0.2%m/v右旋糖溶液(渗透压为10mOsm/L),流速为100mL/分钟,灌注时间分别为1小时和3小时。之后从肺动脉套管处灌注1%v/v的SLES(也可以是其他离子型去垢剂)水溶液,流速为100mL/分钟,灌注时间为24小时。随后灌注1%v/v的Triton X-100水溶液以去除残留的SLES,流速为100mL/分钟,灌注时间为12小时。最后灌注PBS去除肺支架中残留的Triton X-100,流速为100mL/分钟,灌注时间为12小时。无菌处理时,分别从肺动脉灌注无菌的0.05%v/v H2O2溶液,70%v/v乙醇溶液和含有100IU/mL青霉素,100μg/mL链霉素和25μg/mL两性霉素B的PBS溶液,灌注时间分别为10分钟,15分钟和24小时。
结果如图1-图3所示:
图1为未去细胞化猪肺(图1A)和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料(图1B),结果显示去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料呈白色半透明状。
图2为未去细胞化猪肺和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料的HE和DAPI染色结果,结果表明去细胞化过程使猪肺中的细胞成分得到清除,但细胞外基质成分得到保留。图3为未去细胞化猪肺和本装置和方法制备的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料样品DNA含量结果,证实了去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料中没有DNA残留,去除了98%的DNA成分。
以上结果表明:本发明的方法可以成功制备得到去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料,细胞成分去除效率高,ECM保留完好。
经由气管灌注0.2~3.0%m/v右旋糖溶液(渗透压为10~160mOsm/L)的步骤能够通过渗透压以及自由羟基,提供对ECM的保护,其中自由羟基可代替水分子同蛋白质分子表面部分结合维持其稳定性,与0.2~3.0%m/v右旋糖等渗的右旋糖酐溶液(优选分子量7000的右旋糖酐)、蔗糖溶液、含葡萄糖的生理盐水、羟乙基淀粉溶液或其他不能使蛋白变性且含自由羟基的物质的溶液可以起到与0.2~3.0%m/v右旋糖溶液近似的保护作用,能够等同替换,这些具有保护ECM作用统称为“ECM保护剂”。
另外,发明人通过实验发现,从气管灌注ECM保护剂、从血管灌注去垢剂,效果要比从血管灌注ECM保护剂、从气管灌注去垢剂的效果要好。
ECM保护剂增强ECM对去垢剂的耐受能力,进而在脱细胞过程中不用过于担心ECM损失而减少去垢剂的用量或强度,有利于细胞的充分去除。因此,实施例1中的SLES可以替换成其他离子型去垢剂,例如SDC、SDS、CHAPS等。TritonX-100的作用是去除残留SLES,可替换成其他非离子型去垢剂或水。
为了进一步说明本发明“ECM保护剂”对去细胞化肺生物支架材料制备方法的有益效果,提供如下实验例。
实验例1经过和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料的比较
本实验例是在实施例1的基础上,选择性的省略ECM保护剂右旋糖处理的步骤,作为对照,比较其与实施例1所获得生物支架材料的区别。
结果如图4-图9所示:
图4为经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料(图4A)和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料(图4B),结果显示经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料质地更为坚实,更好的保持了原器官形态。
图5和图6为经过和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料胶原和糖胺多糖GAG含量结果,结果显示经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料胶原和糖胺多糖含量均高于未经灌流材料。
图7和图8为经过和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料Gomori醛品红弹力纤维染色和AB-PAS粘蛋白和I型胶原、IV型胶原、纤连蛋白和层粘连蛋白免疫荧光染色结果,结果显示经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架染色均匀地分布于支架材料,且着色明显较未经灌流材料深,证实了经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料更好的稳定了细胞外基质的蛋白成分。
结论:经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料,更好的稳定了细胞外基质的蛋白成分,说明其可以增强ECM对去垢剂的耐受性,有利于维持支架材料的稳定性。
实验例2降解性能和免疫原性的比较
为了检测生物支架材料的降解性能和免疫原性,将经过和未经右旋糖溶液灌流处理的猪肺生物支架材料植入大鼠大网膜。植入第1周和第4周时,取出材料并用4%福尔马林固定,切片后染色。
结果如图9所示:经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料的细胞外基质成分降解的更缓慢,支架材料周围浸润的中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量更少,所引起的免疫原性更低。
结论:经过右旋糖溶液灌流处理的去细胞化猪肺生物支架材料在动物体内降解缓慢,在组织工程应用中能为干细胞贴附、繁殖、分化提供更稳定、长久的支架作用;另外,该支架材料免疫原性低,在未来器官移植应用中机体对它的免疫排斥更低,移植成功率更高。
综上,在制备去细胞化肺生物支架材料过程中,经血管灌注去垢剂前,先经气管灌注ECM保护剂,可以增强ECM对去垢剂的耐受性,有利于维持支架材料的稳定性;同时ECM保护剂增强ECM对去垢剂的耐受能力,进而在脱细胞过程中不用过于担心ECM损失而减少去垢剂的用量或强度,有利于细胞的充分去除。本发明的方法最终得到耐降解、免疫原性低的去细胞化肺生物支架材料,在组织工程中应用前景良好。
Claims (11)
1.一种动物去细胞化肺生物支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:取肺脏,从气管灌注ECM保护剂后,再通过肺内血管灌注去垢剂,除去细胞成分;
所述ECM保护剂为渗透压10~160mOsm/L的右旋糖溶液、右旋糖酐溶液、蔗糖溶液、含葡萄糖的生理盐水或羟乙基淀粉溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述ECM保护剂为10mOsm/L的右旋糖溶液。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述肺脏为大型动物的肺脏;优选的,所述大型动物为犬、猪、羊或灵长类动物;进一步优选的,所述大型动物为猪。
4.如权利要求1~3任一所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)从气管灌注ECM保护剂;
2)从肺动脉或静脉灌注离子型去垢剂水溶液;
3)洗涤去除残留离子型去垢剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2)中的离子型去垢剂水溶液是0.25%~1.5%v/v的SLES,优选的,SLES浓度为1%v/v;
和/或,灌注时间为12~36h,优选的,灌注时间为24h。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)是从肺内血管灌注非离子型去垢剂水溶液或水;
优选的,所述非离子型去垢剂水溶液是1%v/v的Triton X-100溶液;
和/或,灌注时间为6~24h,优选的,灌注时间为12h。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,灌注ECM保护剂之前,先灌注生理盐水去除残留空气。
8.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)之前,还包括对肺进行冰冻、解冻。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述冰冻是在-20摄氏度冻存至少24小时。
10.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)后还包括对肺生物支架材料进行无菌处理;
所述无菌处理包括使用0.03%~0.05%v/v H2O2溶液,70%~75%v/v乙醇溶液和含有抗生素的PBS灌洗;
灌洗时间为:H2O2溶液10~15分钟,乙醇溶液15~20分钟,含有抗生素的PBS 24~36h。
11.权利要求1~10任一所述方法制备得到的去细胞化肺生物支架材料。
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