CN111493341A

CN111493341A - Wormwood defoliating machine

Info

Publication number: CN111493341A
Application number: CN202010368768.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周阳; 黄海东; 周杰; 房震; 李峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-05-02
Filing date: 2020-05-02
Publication date: 2020-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-02
Also published as: CN111493341B

Abstract

The invention relates to a wormwood defoliating machine, which comprises a feeding supporting plate, a roller defoliating mechanism, a stalk pulling roller defoliating mechanism and a chain type clamping conveying mechanism. According to the invention, the structure of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism is designed, so that the clamping force can be controlled, the moxa stalks can be automatically and stably clamped for conveying, and the problems that the moxa stalks fall off and are broken due to the change of the basic form of the moxa stalks in the process of clamping and conveying the moxa stalks can be avoided; the structure design of the chain type clamping conveying mechanism not only can be suitable for clamping moxa stalks with different thicknesses, the chain type clamping conveying mechanism and the stem pulling roller defoliation mechanism are matched for use, except the function of conveying the moxa, the flexible-section defoliation function is realized, the middle lower part of the moxa can be defoliated, the defoliation effect is good, the defoliation efficiency is high, the impurity content rate of the moxa defoliation is greatly reduced, and the defoliation rate of the moxa is high.

Description

Wormwood defoliating machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wormwood defoliating machine.

Background

The moxa is different from traditional crops such as sugarcane, the moxa tip stems are easy to break and destroy, the moxa stems are made of nonmagnetic materials with high lignification degree, the surface is rough, the leaf removing environment cannot guarantee good air tightness, and the like, so that the vacuum adsorption type clamping device and the magnetic adsorption type clamping device cannot clamp and remove leaves of the moxa tips firmly without damaging the moxa tip stems.

The invention relates to the introduction of stem and leaf separation equipment, and discloses leafing equipment and a method for leafy stalk plants (the publication number is CN106072716A), which utilize shear stress formed by speed difference between leafing rollers to separate leaves from stems, the separated stems and leaves are output together from a discharge port, the true stem and leaf separation is not realized, manual picking is needed, and the processing process is very complicated. In addition, utility model a rosemary stem leaf separating centrifuge (publication number is CN204471436U) discloses realize the stem leaf separation through the serrated knife, because reciprocating motion can form the resistance, has reduced work efficiency, does not have a section among the consequently prior art and can fine realization chinese mugwort leaf and chinese mugwort pole splitter. Later, a double-speed wormwood defoliating machine (with the publication number of CN 110722628A) is developed by Hubei industrial university, the structure of the double-speed wormwood defoliating machine is the same as that of a conventional wormwood defoliating machine, a defoliating roller is used for defoliating wormwood, the defoliating roller is in a form of being vertically arranged and combining a plurality of pairs of defoliating rollers to move in the same way, but the wormwood defoliating machine formed by the structure cannot meet the requirement of defoliating the tip of wormwood, and the stem of the tip of the wormwood is broken to increase the impurity content; simultaneously, the conveying chain of the wormwood defoliator composed of the structure is easy to fall under the influence of the action of gravity when the conveying operation area spans too large, and then the conveying precision, the conveying efficiency and the clamping effect of the wormwood defoliator are influenced.

In addition, the prior wormwood defoliating machine has the following defects: 1. the automatic clamping of the moxa stalks cannot be met, the clamping force cannot be controlled, and when the clamping force is too loose, the moxa often falls off in the clamping process; when the clamping force is too large, the basic form of the wormwood stem is easy to change, so that the wormwood stem is easy to break; 2. the clamping device cannot be suitable for clamping wormwood with different stalks and thicknesses, and has poor universality; 3. the chain cannot be tensioned and conveyed, and the chain is often loosened, jumped, vibrated and noisy, so that the service life of the chain is short; 4. the selection of the motor power is not scientific and reasonable, so that the motor power cannot meet the overall design requirement of the wormwood defoliator; 5. the structural design of the defoliation roller is not scientific and reasonable, so that tip stalks of the moxa are easy to break and damage in the defoliation process, and the defoliation roller cannot be in actual contact with the connection points of the stems and leaves of the moxa so as to cause low defoliation rate; 6. the structural design and the angle design of the stalk-pulling rollers are not scientific and reasonable, so that the clearance between the upper and the lower stalk-pulling rollers can not be adjusted and the upper and the lower stalk-pulling rollers and the conveying chain can not realize the matching motion, thereby causing the poor stem and leaf separation effect of the middle and lower part stalks of the wormwood and the incapability of ensuring that the wormwood stalks can be smoothly drawn out, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wormwood defoliating machine which respectively designs the structures of a chain type clamping conveying mechanism, a roller defoliating mechanism and a stalk-pulling roller defoliating mechanism, the chain type clamping conveying mechanism, the roller defoliation mechanism and the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism are combined into a whole to be matched for use, the problems that the feeding speed of an existing wormwood defoliating machine cannot be adjusted, the feeding precision is low, the clamping force of wormwood stems cannot be controlled, wormwood often falls off in the clamping and feeding processes, the basic form of the wormwood stems can be changed in the feeding and defoliating processes, the wormwood stems are prone to breaking in the defoliating process, a chain is prone to breaking, the noise is high, the service life of the wormwood stems is affected, the motor cannot meet the requirements of the whole machine operation, the wormwood stems cannot be smoothly drawn out, the impurity content of the wormwood is high, the defoliating effect of the wormwood is poor, the defoliating efficiency of the wormwood is low and the like are solved. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the wormwood defoliating machine comprises a rack, wherein a feeding supporting plate is arranged on one side of the rack, the feeding supporting plate is provided with two blocks, a roller defoliating mechanism is arranged on one side of one feeding supporting plate, and a stem-pulling roller defoliating mechanism is arranged on one side of the roller defoliating mechanism; the front sides of the roller defoliation mechanism and the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism are provided with a chain type clamping conveying mechanism together, and two feeding supporting plates are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the same end of the chain type clamping conveying mechanism.

Preferably, the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism comprises a double-row conveying chain, wherein a U-shaped stem pressing rod is arranged on the double-row conveying chain, more than one floatable spring seat is arranged on the U-shaped stem pressing rod, first bearing seats are respectively arranged at the left inner end and the right inner end of the double-row conveying chain, a first driven shaft is arranged in one first bearing seat, a driving shaft is arranged in the other first bearing seat, a clamping chain tensioning device is arranged at one side of the first driven shaft, a worm and gear reducer is arranged at one end of the driving shaft, a first motor capable of driving the double-row conveying chain to feed is arranged at one side of the worm and gear reducer, and the first motor and the worm and gear reducer are connected with a; the double-row conveying chain comprises chain rollers, wherein chains are respectively arranged on two sides of the chain rollers, and the chain rollers and the chains are connected with chain pin shafts; each chain comprises a plurality of outer chain plates, and an inner chain plate is arranged on two adjacent outer chain plates; the clamping chain tensioning device comprises a second bearing seat, a driven chain wheel is installed in one end of the second bearing seat, a first fixing plate is arranged at the other end of the second bearing seat, a second driven shaft penetrates through the center of the driven chain wheel and is connected with the second bearing seat, more than one tensioning bolt is arranged on the top surface of the first fixing plate, a positioning hole is formed in one side of the first fixing plate, and a fixing bolt is installed in the positioning hole.

Preferably, the roller threshing mechanism comprises a lower layer spiral threshing roller and an upper layer spiral threshing roller arranged above the lower layer spiral threshing roller; the upper surface of the lower layer spiral defoliating roller is provided with a lower layer spiral defoliating roller stem pressing rod, and one side of the lower layer spiral defoliating roller stem pressing rod is provided with a clamping chain stem pressing rod.

Preferably, the stalk-pulling roll defoliation mechanism comprises an introduction cone, one side of the introduction cone is provided with a stalk-pulling roll device, and one side of the stalk-pulling roll device is provided with a second motor capable of providing power support for the movement of the stalk-pulling roll device; the stem-pulling roller device comprises a lower stem-pulling roller, an upper stem-pulling roller is arranged on the lower stem-pulling roller, fixed bearings are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower stem-pulling roller, stem-pulling roller bearings are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the upper stem-pulling roller, and the stem-pulling roller bearings are arranged on the fixed bearings; one side of one of the fixed bearings is provided with a transmission gear, one side of one of the stalk-pulling roll bearings is also provided with a transmission gear, the two transmission gears are arranged at the same side, and the upper and lower transmission gears are in meshed connection. The stalk-pulling roll bearing is connected with the frame and is provided with an installation plate, more than one waist round hole is arranged on the installation plate, and the waist round hole is connected with the stalk-pulling roll bearing and is provided with a positioning bolt; when the stem-pulling roll bearing is moved to the position in the waist circular hole, the stem-pulling roll bearing and the frame are fixedly arranged through the positioning bolt, so that the position of the upper stem-pulling roll can be adjusted in a left-right moving mode, the upper stem-pulling roll and the lower stem-pulling roll can be located at the positions opposite to each other up and down, and can be located in a staggered state in a three-dimensional space, and the purpose of adjusting the gap is achieved. And a transmission chain wheel is arranged on one side of the transmission gear on one side of the stalk-pulling roller bearing. When the moxa stalks are pulled from between the upper stalk-pulling roll and the lower stalk-pulling roll, the leaves of the moxa will rub against the upper stalk-pulling roll and the lower stalk-pulling roll to realize defoliation. The lead-in cone refers to a skinning or harvesting header accessory, the specific structure of which is already common knowledge and will not be explained in detail here. One side of the upper layer helical threshing roller is provided with a third motor for driving the upper layer helical threshing roller and the lower layer helical threshing roller to synchronously rotate, the upper layer helical threshing roller and the lower layer helical threshing roller are respectively connected with a chain wheel mechanism with the third motor, a transmission chain wheel is connected with the second motor and is also provided with the chain wheel mechanism, and the specific structure of the chain wheel mechanism is common knowledge and is not explained in detail here.

Preferably, clamping conveying chain guide rails are respectively arranged on two sides of the double-row conveying chain, each clamping conveying chain guide rail is composed of two hollow square steels, one hollow square steel is a lower guide rail, the other hollow square steel is an upper guide rail, steel blocks are fixedly welded to the rack at intervals of three equal parts on one side of each clamping conveying chain guide rail, and the other side of each clamping conveying chain guide rail is connected with a chain roller in the chain in a tangent mode. The structural design of centre gripping conveying chain guide rail can reduce the too big tenesmus of chain quality and carry the influence that the effect produced to the centre gripping to ensure that the whole transport operation regional span when double conveying chain leads to the upper portion of chain to be because the effect of receiving gravity easily takes place the tenesmus often, thereby influence chain centre gripping conveying mechanism's centre gripping effect, make double conveying chain and centre gripping chain overspeed device tensioner can not closely cooperate the problem.

Preferably, each floatable spring seat comprises a pressure spring, a pressure spring limiting seat is arranged at the upper end of the pressure spring, an upper fixed plate is arranged on the pressure spring limiting seat, a lower fixed plate is arranged below the pressure spring limiting seat, a lower floating plate is arranged below the lower fixed plate, a stud is arranged through the upper fixed plate, the pressure spring limiting seat, the pressure spring, the lower fixed plate and the lower floating plate from top to bottom in sequence, and an adjusting nut is arranged at the lower end of the stud; the U-shaped stem pressing rod is fixedly connected with the lower floating plate in each floatable spring seat through a pin, so that the U-shaped stem pressing rod and more than one floatable spring seats form a pressing device.

Preferably, more than one spiral threshing roller is arranged on each layer of spiral threshing roller, each spiral threshing roller comprises a threshing roller and a threshing rotating shaft penetrating through the center of the threshing roller, each threshing roller comprises a circular rubber pipe arranged on the outer circumference of the threshing roller, a plurality of drill holes are arranged on the outer circumference of the circular rubber pipe, and steel wire bristles formed by binding steel wire materials by adopting iron wires are embedded in each drill hole; the upper layer spiral defoliation roller and the lower layer spiral defoliation roller are arranged in a separated and staggered mode, and the design can overcome the problem that the tip stalks of the wormwood are easy to break and damage. In order to realize better defoliation effect and enable the defoliation effect to be matched with the motion of a double-row conveying chain, the steel wire bristles are arranged in a multi-head spiral arrangement, wherein the multi-head refers to more than two heads and comprises two heads, three heads, four heads, five heads and six heads … …, and the inclination angle of the multi-head spiral of the steel wire bristles is 30 degrees.

Preferably, the operation process of the roller threshing mechanism is as follows: when the moxa enters the moxa leaf removing machine, the leaf removing roller starts to remove leaves from the tip stem of the moxa, the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism clamps the middle and upper stem of the moxa to convey forwards, the tip to-be-removed stem firstly enters the lower spiral leaf removing roller, the stem pressing rod of the lower spiral leaf removing roller can press the stem of the moxa so as to ensure that the steel wire bristles in the leaf removing roller are fully contacted with the stem and leaf connecting points, and two leaf removing rollers in the lower spiral leaf removing roller are reversely removed leaves when rotating anticlockwise. Subsequently, when the stems of the tips of the moxa grass enter the upper layer spiral defoliation roller, the stem rods can be tightly pressed towards the upper layer spiral defoliation roller by the clamping chains to ensure that the steel wire brush bristles in the upper layer spiral defoliation roller are fully contacted with the connection points of the stems and the leaves of the moxa grass, and when two defoliation rollers in the upper layer spiral defoliation roller rotate anticlockwise, the reverse defoliation is carried out, so that the defoliation of the tips of the whole moxa grass is finally completed.

Preferably, the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism is obliquely arranged, and an included angle formed by the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism and the double-row clamping conveying chain is 5-45 degrees.

The wormwood defoliating machine has the beneficial effects that: the structure of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism is designed, so that the clamping force can be controlled, the moxa stalks can be automatically and stably clamped for conveying, and the problems that the moxa stalks fall off and are broken due to the change of the basic form of the moxa stalks in the process of clamping and conveying the moxa stalks can be avoided; the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism is structurally designed to be suitable for clamping moxa stalks with different thicknesses, and the chain is further prevented from loosening, jumping, shaking, generating high noise and being short in service life through the clamping chain tensioning device; the first motor, the worm gear reducer, the coupling and the like are combined to control the running speed of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism and meet the requirement of the overall design of the wormwood defoliating machine by designing a calculation formula of the first motor and the worm gear reducer; the structure of the roller defoliation mechanism is improved, so that the defoliation roller cannot damage the tips and the stalks of the moxa during the defoliation process of the tips and the stalks of the moxa, the impurity content of defoliation of the moxa is reduced, and the defoliation rate of the moxa is improved; the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism is designed through the structure of the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism, the inclined angle between the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism and the chain type clamping conveying mechanism is scientifically and reasonably designed, so that the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism not only can perfectly cooperate with the chain type clamping conveying mechanism to move, but also can adjust the gap between an upper stem-drawing roller and a lower stem-drawing roller in the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism, so that the stem-drawing roller can be smoothly drawn out, the chain type clamping conveying mechanism and the stem-drawing roller device are matched to use, the stem-drawing roller device not only has a conveying function, but also has a flexible-section defoliation function on the wormwood, so that the middle-lower part of the wormwood can be defoliated, the stem-leaf defoliation separation effect of stems and leaves of the middle-lower part of the wormwood is ensured to be good, the defoliation efficiency is high, the whole structural design and the.

Drawings

For ease of illustration, the present invention is described in detail by the following preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the wormwood defoliator of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the moxa leaf remover of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism in the wormwood defoliating machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial structure view of the double row conveying chain in the mugwort defoliator of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a clamp chain tensioner in a wormwood defoliator of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a stalk-pulling roller defoliating mechanism in the wormwood defoliating machine of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the stem pulling-up roller and the mounting end of the frame in the wormwood defoliating machine of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a floatable spring seat in the mugwort defoliator of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a front view of a threshing cylinder in the moxa thresher of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the feeding direction of moxa stalks by the moxa defoliating machine of the present invention and the conveying direction of the double row of conveying chains.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 9, the wormwood defoliating machine of the present invention includes a frame 1, a feeding supporting plate 2 is disposed on one side of the frame 1, the feeding supporting plate 2 is provided with at least two blocks, a roller defoliating mechanism 3 is disposed on one side of one feeding supporting plate 2, and a stem-pulling roller defoliating mechanism 4 is disposed on one side of the roller defoliating mechanism 3; the front sides of the roller defoliation mechanism 3 and the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism 4 are provided with a chain type clamping conveying mechanism 5, and the two feeding supporting plates 2 are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the same end of the chain type clamping conveying mechanism 5.

In one embodiment, the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 comprises a double-row conveying chain 50, a U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 is arranged on the double-row conveying chain 50, more than one floatable spring seat 52 is arranged on the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51, first bearing seats 53 are respectively arranged at the left inner end and the right inner end of the double-row conveying chain 50, a first driven shaft 54 is arranged in one of the first bearing seats 53, a driving shaft 55 is arranged in the other first bearing seat 53, a clamping chain tensioning device 56 is arranged at one side of the first driven shaft 54, a worm gear reducer 57 is arranged at one end of the driving shaft 55, a first motor 58 capable of driving the double-row conveying chain 50 to feed is arranged at one side of the worm gear reducer 57, and a coupler 59 is connected between the first motor 58 and the worm gear reducer 57; the double-row conveying chain 50 comprises a chain roller 501, wherein chains are respectively arranged on two sides of the chain roller 501, and the chain roller 501 and the chains are connected with a chain pin shaft 502; each chain comprises a plurality of outer chain plates 503, and an inner chain plate 504 is arranged on two adjacent outer chain plates 503; the clamping chain tensioning device 56 comprises a second bearing seat 560, a driven chain wheel 561 is installed in one end of the second bearing seat 560, a first fixing plate 562 is arranged at the other end of the second bearing seat 560, a second driven shaft 563 penetrates through the center of the driven chain wheel 561 and is connected with the second bearing seat 560, more than one tensioning bolt 564 is arranged on the top surface of the first fixing plate 562, a positioning hole 565 is arranged on one side of the first fixing plate 562, and a fixing bolt 566 is installed in the positioning hole 565.

In one embodiment, the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 has the following structural design principle: this chain centre gripping conveying mechanism 5 can adjust its speed of carrying according to the needs of production, it realizes controlling the size of its clamping-force through floatable spring seat 52, in addition, chain centre gripping conveying mechanism 5's structural design not only can guarantee that the chinese mugwort grass can not appear droing, guarantee that the chinese mugwort grass stem can keep basic form and prevent that the chinese mugwort grass stem can not appear the skew at the in-process of carrying at the transport, it still makes the chinese mugwort grass stem can be smoothly taken out by draw stem roller disleaving mechanism 4, and be fit for pressing from both sides the chinese mugwort grass stem that the thickness is different, and its clamp is effectual, with the non-magnetic material that solves the chinese mugwort grass stem for lignification degree is higher, the surface is coarse and the environment of removing the leaf can't guarantee the gas tightness good, general clamping device is difficult to its problem of stabilizing the centre gripping. It designs through the structure to double conveying chain 50 to set up conveying chain into double, can also accomplish the work of defoliating when guaranteeing that it can the centre gripping carry chinese mugwort grass stem stalk. In order to ensure that the chain cannot be loosened, jump and vibrate in the conveying process, reduce the working noise and prolong the service life of the chain, the clamping chain tensioning device 56 is arranged, and a user can push the driven chain wheel 561 and the second driven shaft 563 to move radially by adjusting the tightness of the tensioning bolt 564 and adjusting the position of the fixing bolt 566 in the positioning hole 565 so as to achieve the purpose of tensioning the chain and realize fine adjustment of the inclined direction of the chain, so that the conveying of the chain clamping moxa is more stable.

In one embodiment, in order to meet the design requirement of the overall operation of the wormwood defoliator, a proper first motor 58 and a worm gear reducer 57 need to be selected, so that the conveying speed of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 needs to be designed to realize the control of the conveying speed of the chain. The linear speed of the clamping conveyor chain is calculated by the formula 4-1:

in the actual working process, the factors influencing the working efficiency of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 are many, so various influencing factors are considered, and the working efficiency of the clamping and conveying mechanism is calculated by the formula 4-2:

as the mass of the wormwood stalks is smaller, the influence of the conveying load on the whole chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 is smaller, the main friction resistance comes from the resistance generated by the friction between the chain roller 501 and the chain roller during the chain tensioning work, so the first motor 58 in the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 is a Y series three-phase asynchronous motor with the model of Y90S-4, the rated power of 1100W and the rated rotating speed of 1450 r/min. The worm gear speed reducer 57 is a horizontal worm gear speed reducer 57 with the model of WPKA 70-A and the speed reduction ratio of 30, and the coupler 59 is an elastic pin coupler 59 for compensating displacement. The first motor 58, the worm gear reducer 57 and the coupling 59 are used together, so that the conveying speed of the double-row conveying chain 50 can be accurately adjusted.

In one embodiment, the roller threshing mechanism 3 comprises a lower layer spiral threshing roller 31 and an upper layer spiral threshing roller 32, wherein the lower layer spiral threshing roller 31 and the upper layer spiral threshing roller 32 are distributed in an upper-lower layer; a lower layer helical threshing roller stalk pressing rod 33 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower layer helical threshing roller 31, and a clamping chain stalk pressing rod 34 is arranged on one side of the lower layer helical threshing roller stalk pressing rod 33.

In one embodiment, the stalk-pulling roll defoliation mechanism 4 comprises a guide cone 41, a stalk-pulling roll device 40 is arranged on one side of the guide cone 41, and a second motor 42 capable of providing power support for the movement of the stalk-pulling roll device 40 is arranged on one side of the stalk-pulling roll device 40; the stem-pulling roller device 40 comprises a lower stem-pulling roller 43, an upper stem-pulling roller 44 is arranged on the lower stem-pulling roller 43, fixed bearings 45 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower stem-pulling roller 43, stem-pulling roller bearings 46 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the upper stem-pulling roller 44, and the stem-pulling roller bearings 46 are arranged on the fixed bearings 45; one side of one of the fixed bearings 45 is provided with a transmission gear 47, one side of one of the stalk-pulling roll bearings 46 is also provided with a transmission gear 47, the upper and lower transmission gears 47 are arranged at the same side, and the upper and lower transmission gears 47 are in meshed connection. A driving chain wheel 48 is arranged at one side of the driving gear 47 at one side of the stalk-pulling roll bearing 46. When the moxa stalks are pulled from between the upper stalk-pulling roll 44 and the lower stalk-pulling roll 43 with the movement of the double row conveying chain 50, the leaves of the moxa are rubbed with the upper stalk-pulling roll 44 and the lower stalk-pulling roll 43 to achieve defoliation. One side of the upper helical threshing cylinder 32 is provided with a third motor 49 for driving it to rotate synchronously with the lower helical threshing cylinder 31. The upper stem-drawing roll 44 can adjust the height gap between the upper stem-drawing roll 44 and the lower stem-drawing roll 43 by increasing or reducing the number of washers on the stem-drawing roll bearing 46, meanwhile, the stem-drawing roll bearing 46 is connected with the frame 1 and is provided with an installation plate 401, more than one waist-round hole 402 is arranged on the installation plate 401, and the waist-round hole 402 is connected with the stem-drawing roll bearing 46 and is provided with a positioning bolt 403; after the stem-pulling roll bearing 46 is moved to the position in the oval hole 402, the stem-pulling roll bearing 46 is fixed below the frame 1 through the positioning bolt 403, so that the corresponding positions of the upper stem-pulling roll 44 and the lower stem-pulling roll 43 can be adjusted in a left-right movement mode, the upper stem-pulling roll 44 and the lower stem-pulling roll 43 are staggered in space, the purpose of adjusting the gap between the upper stem-pulling roll 44 and the lower stem-pulling roll 43 in a left-right mode is achieved, and the stem-pulling roll bearing is suitable for defoliating moxa stalks with different thicknesses.

In one embodiment, the two sides of the double-row conveying chain 50 are respectively provided with a clamping conveying chain guide rail, the clamping conveying chain guide rail is composed of two hollow square steels, one hollow square steel is a lower guide rail 61, the other hollow square steel is an upper guide rail 62, one side of the clamping conveying chain guide rail is fixedly welded with the rack 1 at intervals of three equal parts to form a steel block, and the other side of the clamping conveying chain guide rail is connected with a chain roller 501 in the chain in a tangent mode. The clamping conveying chain guide rail can reduce the influence of the chain on the clamping conveying effect due to the fact that the chain falls down due to too large mass by utilizing the structural design of the steel block and the rack 1 in a fixed welding mode, so that the phenomenon that the upper portion of the chain falls down easily due to the influence of gravity when the whole conveying operation area span of the double-row conveying chain 50 is too large is avoided, the clamping effect of the chain type clamping conveying mechanism 5 is affected, and the problem that the double-row conveying chain 50 cannot be tightly matched with the clamping chain tensioning device 56 is solved.

In one embodiment, each floatable spring seat 52 comprises a compressed spring 521, a compressed spring limiting seat 522 is arranged at the upper end of each compressed spring 521, an upper fixing plate 523 is arranged on the compressed spring limiting seat 522, a lower fixing plate 524 is arranged below the compressed spring limiting seat 522, a lower floating plate 525 is arranged below the lower fixing plate 524, a stud 526 is arranged to penetrate through the upper fixing plate 523, the compressed spring limiting seat 522, the compressed spring 521, the lower fixing plate 524 and the lower floating plate 525 sequentially from top to bottom, and an adjusting nut 527 is mounted at the lower end of the stud 526; the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 is fixedly connected with the lower floating plate 525 in each of the floatable spring seats 52 through a pin, so that the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 and more than one floatable spring seat 52 form a pressing device.

In one embodiment, the floatable spring seat 52 is matched with the double-row conveying chain 50 for use, so that automatic clamping of the moxa stalks can be realized, and the clamping force can be adjusted. When chinese mugwort grass got into double centre gripping conveying chain, chinese mugwort grass stem stalk can make pressure spring 521 take place deformation, can know according to hooke's law, and the diameter when chinese mugwort grass stem stalk is bigger can lead to spring deformation just bigger to the clamp force that makes it is just bigger, closing device comes the adaptation through fluctuation to carry out automatic centre gripping to the chinese mugwort grass stem stalk of thickness difference, with the purpose that realizes its commonality is strong. In order to be matched and clamped with the floatable spring seat 52, the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 is designed to be matched with a plurality of floatable spring seats 52 for use. In order to facilitate the moxa to be automatically fed or clamped (fed) better along with the rotation of the double-row conveying chain 50, the front end part of the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 is arranged to be bent and tilted upwards at an angle of 30 degrees with the plane of the double-row conveying chain 50, and the middle rear part of the U-shaped stem pressing rod 51 is wrapped by medical adhesive tape to increase the friction force of the U-shaped stem pressing rod, so that a mode that a human hand can be simulated to remove leaves is realized, and the middle lower end part of the moxa can be automatically removed leaves in the process of being drawn out.

In one embodiment, more than one spiral threshing roller is arranged on each layer of spiral threshing roller, each spiral threshing roller comprises a threshing roller 7 and a threshing rotating shaft 8 penetrating through the center of the threshing roller 7, the threshing roller 7 comprises a rubber round pipe arranged on the outer circumference of the rubber round pipe, a plurality of drill holes are arranged on the outer circumference of the rubber round pipe, and steel wire bristles 71 made of steel wires bound to steel wire materials are embedded in each drill hole; the upper layer spiral threshing roller 32 and the lower layer spiral threshing roller 31 are arranged in a separated and staggered mode, and the design can overcome the problem that the tip and the stem of the moxa are easily broken or damaged in the process of threshing the moxa by the threshing roller 7. In order to achieve a better threshing effect and to enable it to be matched to the movement of the double-row conveying chain 50, the rows of steel wire bristles 71 in each threshing cylinder 7 are arranged in a multi-head spiral arrangement, and the inclination angle of each row of spiral steel wire bristles 71 to the horizontal plane is set to be 30 degrees.

In one embodiment, the impurity content rate is increased due to the fact that the moxa leaves are tangled due to too long steel wire bristles 71, the threshing rate is reduced due to the fact that the top ends of the steel wire bristles 71 are too short to actually contact with the connecting points of the stem leaves of the moxa, and therefore under the condition that the threshing cylinder 7 is away from the moxa clamping conveying plane for a certain distance, the length of the steel wire bristles 71 in the threshing cylinder 7 should be within an effective range, and the effective length L of the threshing bristles should meet the change range of the following formula 4-3:

according to the test result of the moxa material, the effective length of the steel wire bristles 71 is set to be 28.915mm or more and L or more and 31.085mm or less, and the length range of the steel wire bristles 71 has the best effect on the defoliation of the moxa.

Preferably, the length of the wire bristles 71 is set to 30 mm.

In one embodiment, the operation process of the roller threshing mechanism 3 is as follows: when the moxa enters the moxa leaf removing machine, the leaf removing roller 7 starts to remove leaves from the tip stalks of the moxa, the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 clamps the middle upper part stalks of the moxa and conveys the middle upper part stalks forwards (namely towards the direction of the stalk pulling roller leaf removing mechanism 4), the tip stalks to be removed firstly enter the lower layer spiral leaf removing roller 31, the lower layer spiral leaf removing roller stem pressing rod 33 can press the moxa stalks to ensure that the steel wire brush hairs 71 in the leaf removing roller 7 are fully contacted with the connecting points of the stems and leaves, and when the two leaf removing rollers 7 in the lower layer spiral leaf removing roller 31 rotate anticlockwise, the reverse leaf removing is performed. Subsequently, when the stems of the tips of the moxa enter the upper layer spiral defoliation roller 32, the clamping chains press the stems 34 to press the stems of the moxa towards the upper layer spiral defoliation roller 32, so as to ensure that the steel wire brush hairs 71 in the upper layer spiral defoliation roller 32 are fully contacted with the connection points of the stems and leaves of the moxa, and when two defoliation rollers 7 in the upper layer spiral defoliation roller 32 rotate anticlockwise, the moxa leaves are reversely defoliated, and finally the whole defoliation of the tips of the moxa is completed. The structural design of the roller defoliation mechanism 3 not only ensures that the defoliation roller 7 can not damage the tip stalks of the moxa during the defoliation process of the moxa so as to ensure high defoliation rate of the moxa, but also ensures that the defoliation roller 7 can be actually contacted with the connecting points of the stems and leaves of the moxa so as to ensure good defoliation effect and high defoliation efficiency.

In one embodiment, the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism 4 is obliquely arranged, the included angle formed by obliquely arranging the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism 4 and the double-row clamping conveying chain is 5-45 degrees, and the design of the angle not only ensures that the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism 4 can move in cooperation with the double-row clamping conveying chain, but also ensures that the moxa stalks can be smoothly pulled out by the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism 4.

In one embodiment, the operation process of the wormwood defoliating machine is as follows: the moxa to be defoliated is placed on the feeding supporting plate 2 in batches, 3-5 moxa in each batch are preferably placed at a time interval of 3-7 seconds, and the distance from the top end of the tip of the moxa to the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism 5 is 350-450 mm. Referring to fig. 10, the direction in which the moxa stalks 8 are fed is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the holding conveyor chain. When the first motor 58 is started, the double-row conveying chain 50 can be driven to rotate, so that the moxa straw 8 is automatically fed under the combined action of the double-row conveying chain 50 and the clamping chain tensioning device 56, and the tip stalks of the moxa can be tightly pressed on the lower-layer spiral defoliating roller 31 under the pressure action of the lower-layer spiral defoliating roller stalk pressing rod 33, so that the tip stalks of the moxa can be ensured to be contacted with the lower-layer spiral defoliating roller 31 to start defoliating; when the moxa tip stalks are driven by the double-row conveying chain 50 to enter the upper-layer spiral threshing roller 32, the moxa tip stalks are contacted with the upper-layer spiral threshing roller 32 under the action of the upper supporting force of the clamping chain pressing the stalks 34 to be threshed; after the defoliation of the tips of the moxa is finished, the moxa stalks are conveyed by the double-row conveying chain 50 and conveyed into the stalk-pulling roller device 40 under the action of the guide-in cone 41, the moxa stalks can be horizontally pulled out under the combined action of the upper stalk-pulling roller 44 and the lower stalk-pulling roller 43, the stalk-pulling roller device 40 is in a mode of simulating bionic defoliation of hands, the clamping force of the stalk-pulling roller device 40 is changed, the moxa stalks can be smoothly pulled out, the moxa is separated from the stalk-pulling roller device 40 under the action of friction force while the moxa stalks are pulled out, the overall structure of the device can realize that the basic form of the moxa stalks can not be changed in the automatic defoliation process of the moxa, so that the moxa stalks are broken, the impurity content of the moxa can be greatly reduced, the defoliation rate of the moxa leaves can be greatly improved, the defoliation effect is good, and the defoliation efficiency is high.

The invention relates to a wormwood defoliating machine, which comprises a rack, a feeding supporting plate, a roller defoliating mechanism, a stalk-pulling roller defoliating mechanism and a chain type clamping conveying mechanism. According to the invention, the structure of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism is designed, so that the clamping force can be controlled, the moxa stalks can be automatically and stably clamped for conveying, and the problems that the moxa stalks fall off and are broken due to the change of the basic form of the moxa stalks in the process of clamping and conveying the moxa stalks can be avoided; the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism is structurally designed to be suitable for clamping moxa stalks with different thicknesses, and the chain is further prevented from loosening, jumping, shaking, generating high noise and being short in service life through the clamping chain tensioning device; the first motor, the worm gear reducer, the coupling and the like are combined to control the running speed of the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism and meet the requirement of the overall design of the wormwood defoliating machine by designing a calculation formula of the first motor and the worm gear reducer; the structure of the roller defoliation mechanism is improved, so that the defoliation roller cannot damage the tips and the stalks of the moxa during the defoliation process of the tips and the stalks of the moxa, the impurity content of defoliation of the moxa is reduced, and the defoliation rate of the moxa is improved; the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism not only can perfectly match with the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism to move, but also can adjust the gap between the upper stem-drawing roller and the lower stem-drawing roller in the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism, so that the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism can smoothly draw out the stems of the wormwood, and the stem and leaf separation effect and the separation efficiency of the stems of the middle and lower parts of the wormwood are good.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all technical solutions that are the same as or equivalent to the contents of the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The wormwood defoliation machine is characterized in that: the straw-pulling roller threshing machine comprises a rack, wherein a feeding supporting plate is arranged on one side of the rack, two feeding supporting plates are arranged, a roller threshing mechanism is arranged on one side of one feeding supporting plate, and a straw-pulling roller threshing mechanism is arranged on one side of the roller threshing mechanism; the front sides of the roller defoliation mechanism and the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism are provided with a chain type clamping conveying mechanism together, and two feeding supporting plates are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the same end of the chain type clamping conveying mechanism.

2. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chain type clamping and conveying mechanism comprises a double-row conveying chain, wherein a U-shaped stem pressing rod is arranged on the double-row conveying chain, more than one floatable spring seat is arranged on the U-shaped stem pressing rod, first bearing seats are respectively arranged at the left inner end and the right inner end of the double-row conveying chain, a first driven shaft is arranged in one first bearing seat, a driving shaft is arranged in the other first bearing seat, a clamping chain tensioning device is arranged at one side of the first driven shaft, a worm and gear speed reducer is arranged at one end of the driving shaft, a first motor capable of driving the double-row conveying chain to feed is arranged at one side of the worm and gear speed reducer, and the first motor and the worm and gear speed reducer; the double-row conveying chain comprises chain rollers, wherein chains are respectively arranged on two sides of the chain rollers, and the chain rollers and the chains are connected with chain pin shafts; each chain comprises a plurality of outer chain plates, and an inner chain plate is arranged on two adjacent outer chain plates; the clamping chain tensioning device comprises a second bearing seat, a driven chain wheel is installed in one end of the second bearing seat, a first fixing plate is arranged at the other end of the second bearing seat, a second driven shaft penetrates through the center of the driven chain wheel and is connected with the second bearing seat, more than one tensioning bolt is arranged on the top surface of the first fixing plate, a positioning hole is formed in one side of the first fixing plate, and a fixing bolt is installed in the positioning hole.

3. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roller threshing mechanism comprises a lower layer spiral threshing roller and an upper layer spiral threshing roller arranged above the lower layer spiral threshing roller; the upper surface of the lower layer spiral defoliating roller is provided with a lower layer spiral defoliating roller stem pressing rod, and one side of the lower layer spiral defoliating roller stem pressing rod is provided with a clamping chain stem pressing rod.

4. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stem-drawing roller defoliation mechanism comprises a guide cone, a stem-drawing roller device is arranged on one side of the guide cone, and a second motor is arranged on one side of the stem-drawing roller device; the stem-pulling roller device comprises a lower stem-pulling roller, an upper stem-pulling roller is arranged on the lower stem-pulling roller, fixed bearings are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower stem-pulling roller, stem-pulling roller bearings are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the upper stem-pulling roller, and the stem-pulling roller bearings are arranged on the fixed bearings; one side of one of the fixed bearings is provided with a transmission gear, one side of one of the stalk-pulling roll bearings is also provided with a transmission gear, the two transmission gears are arranged at the same side, and the upper transmission gear and the lower transmission gear are in meshed connection; the stalk-pulling roll bearing is connected with the frame and is provided with an installation plate, more than one waist round hole is arranged on the installation plate, and the waist round hole is connected with the stalk-pulling roll bearing and is provided with a positioning bolt; when the stem-pulling roll bearing is moved to the position in the waist-round hole, the stem-pulling roll bearing and the frame are fixedly arranged through the positioning bolt, so that the position of the upper stem-pulling roll can be adjusted in a left-right moving mode, and the purpose of adjusting the gap is achieved.

5. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the double-row conveying chain is characterized in that clamping conveying chain guide rails are arranged on two sides of the double-row conveying chain respectively, each clamping conveying chain guide rail is composed of two hollow square steels, one hollow square steel is a lower guide rail, the other hollow square steel is an upper guide rail, steel blocks are fixedly welded to the rack at intervals of three equal parts on one side of each clamping conveying chain guide rail, and the other side of each clamping conveying chain guide rail is connected with a chain roller in the chain in a tangent mode.

6. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 2, characterized in that: each floatable spring seat comprises a pressure spring, the upper end of the pressure spring is provided with a pressure spring limiting seat, an upper fixed plate is arranged on the pressure spring limiting seat, a lower fixed plate is arranged below the pressure spring limiting seat, a lower floating plate is arranged below the lower fixed plate, a stud is arranged to sequentially penetrate through the upper fixed plate, the pressure spring limiting seat, the pressure spring, the lower fixed plate and the lower floating plate from top to bottom, and the lower end of the stud is provided with an adjusting nut; the U-shaped stem pressing rod is fixedly connected with the lower floating plate in each floatable spring seat through a pin, so that the U-shaped stem pressing rod and more than one floatable spring seats form a pressing device.

7. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 3, characterized in that: more than one spiral threshing roller is arranged on each layer of spiral threshing roller, and each spiral threshing roller comprises a threshing roller and a threshing rotating shaft penetrating through the center of the threshing roller; the threshing roller comprises a circular rubber tube arranged on the outer circumference of the threshing roller, a plurality of drill holes are arranged on the outer circumference of the circular rubber tube, and steel wire bristles made of steel wire materials through binding by iron wires are embedded in each drill hole; the upper layer spiral threshing roller and the lower layer spiral threshing roller are arranged in a separated and staggered mode, and the steel wire brush hair is arranged in a multi-head spiral mode.

8. The wormwood defoliator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism is obliquely arranged, and an included angle formed by the stalk-pulling roller defoliation mechanism and the double-row clamping conveying chain is 5-45 degrees.