CN111493100B - Tobacco powder borer protective agent and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents

Tobacco powder borer protective agent and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDF

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CN111493100B
CN111493100B CN202010532737.3A CN202010532737A CN111493100B CN 111493100 B CN111493100 B CN 111493100B CN 202010532737 A CN202010532737 A CN 202010532737A CN 111493100 B CN111493100 B CN 111493100B
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protective agent
leaves
tobacco
powder
cloth
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CN111493100A (en
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彭良雨
王博
周发钧
金鑫
黄静
刁朝强
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Guiyang Office of Guizhou Tobacco Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a tobacco powder borer protective agent, which comprises the following components: camphor leaf: 1 part; and (3) moxa: 1 part; walnut leaves: 1 part; the preparation of the protective agent comprises the following steps: s1 crushing: selecting clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves, and respectively crushing the clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves into powder of 50-100 meshes; s2 soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 12-24 hours; s3 filtering: filtering the soaked diluent, and reserving filtrate to obtain the protective agent; the using mode of the protective agent is that the protective agent is uniformly sprayed on the cloth surface, and then the cloth is covered on the surface of the cigarette packet, so that the surface of the cloth sprayed with the protective agent is exposed to the air. The protective agent obtained by the invention is safe and nontoxic, has no pollution to tobacco leaves, does not influence the later cigarette smoking taste, has high efficiency and lasting effect, lasts for 45-60 days, can expel and kill more than 90% of the tobacco powder borers around tobacco packets in a warehouse, has low production cost and obvious effect, and has economic practicability and popularization.

Description

Tobacco powder borer protective agent and preparation and use methods thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pest control of tobacco, and particularly relates to a tobacco powder moth protective agent and preparation and use methods thereof.
Background
Tobacco powder borer, belonging to the Lepidoptera, the family of Bombycidae. Mainly harmful to tobacco leaves, is one of the main pests in tobacco storage, is distributed all over the world, and is more in southern China and southwest China, such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and other production areas. The early larvae eat mesophyll to leave epidermis, so that a plurality of semitransparent spots appear on tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves can be eaten and polished when the tobacco leaves are seriously damaged and only leave veins when the tobacco leaves are eaten after 2 years; after the larvae are hatched, feeding on two sides of the main veins of the leaves, gradually expanding outwards, and leaving a plurality of tobacco leaf fragments and brown insect manure on the tobacco leaves after feeding; the larvae like to spit silk and are connected with tobacco scraps and brown insect dung to form nests, and the tobacco leaves are hidden in the nests, and the wrinkled parts of the tobacco leaves are most hidden. The damaged tobacco leaves are easy to go moldy and go bad.
The tobacco powder borer is particularly fond of eating tobacco leaves, and meanwhile, the tobacco powder borer can enter the interior of the cigarette along with the processed tobacco shreds to eat the tobacco shreds; meanwhile, dead bodies and excrement pollute tobacco leaves and tobacco products, and usability of the tobacco leaves and quality of cigarettes are seriously affected. Therefore, how to effectively eliminate the tobacco powder borer is the most critical thing for tobacco enterprises.
The current control methods are mainly chemical control, including spraying insecticides or fumigation. Tobacco companies pack tobacco leaves by using sacks of 35cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 100cm, tobacco bags are stacked and stored, if the mode of spraying insecticide is adopted to kill the pink borers, the insecticide can only act on the top layer of stacked tobacco bags, the pesticide cannot penetrate into the inner layer of the tobacco bags and every nook formed by stacked tobacco bags, the killing of the pink borers is insufficient, the effective time of the insecticide is 7-15 days, new pink borers quickly breed and develop, and the tobacco leaves are continuously damaged. In addition, the excessive use of the pesticide causes the problem of tobacco leaf pollution and influences the taste of cigarettes in later period.
The fumigation is a technical measure for killing pests, germs or other harmful organisms in a sealable place by adopting compounds such as fumigants. The fumigant generally adopted in the industry is aluminum phosphide, which can immediately generate high-toxicity phosphine gas after absorbing water, enters the body through the respiratory system of insects, acts on the respiratory chain of cell mitochondria and cytochrome oxidase to inhibit the normal respiration of the cell mitochondria to kill, and also generates nerve injury to the human body, and the fumigant can not be close to a warehouse for a long time after being used. The condition for fumigating aluminium phosphide is harsh, the requirement cost is high, and the fumigating expense for one warehouse at a time reaches more than twenty thousand, so the method is not easy to adopt.
The warehouse has large space and more corners, and especially the old warehouse has a plurality of dead angles, which limits the application of some technologies, increases the difficulty of the tobacco powder borer prevention and treatment work, and forces people to find a novel protective agent with high efficiency, low toxicity to control the tobacco powder borer to damage tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the tobacco powder borer protective agent is safe and nontoxic, can effectively expel and kill the tobacco powder borers in a warehouse, and reduces the damage of the tobacco powder borers to tobacco leaves.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a protective agent for tobacco powder borer, which comprises the following components: 1-4 parts of camphor leaves; 1-3 parts of wormwood; 1-3 parts of walnut leaves.
Further, the protective agent for the tobacco powder borer comprises the following components: camphor leaf: 1 part; and (3) moxa: 1 part; walnut leaves: 1 part.
A preparation method of a tobacco powder borer protective agent comprises the following steps:
s1 crushing: selecting clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves, and respectively crushing the clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves into powder of 50-100 meshes;
s2 soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 12-24 hours;
s3 filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent, and reserving filtrate to obtain the protective agent.
Further, the mass ratio of the powder to the clean water in the step S2 is 1: 50-55.
Further, the protective agent is uniformly sprayed on the cloth cover, and then the cloth covers the surface of the cigarette packet, so that the surface of the cloth sprayed with the protective agent is exposed in the air.
Further, the spraying dosage of the protective agent to the cloth is 100-150g/m2。
Further, the cloth adopts 200-250g/m2The nonwoven fabric of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the tobacco powder borer protective agent prepared by taking camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves as raw materials is safe and non-toxic, has no pollution to tobacco leaves, does not influence the smoking taste of cigarettes in the later period, has high efficiency and lasting drug effect for 45-60 days, and can expel and kill more than 90% of tobacco powder borers around tobacco packets in a warehouse;
(2) the protective agent is sprayed on the non-woven fabric, so that the tobacco leaf storage agent is suitable for occasions for storing tobacco leaves, such as tobacco company warehouses, farmer houses, tobacco planting base warehouses and the like, and is convenient to popularize and use safely in a unified mode;
(3) the non-woven fabric sprayed with the protective agent is used for completely covering the cigarette packet to expel insects and kill pests, so that the tobacco leaves are closely protected, and the tobacco leaves are prevented from being damaged again by the surviving pink borers in corners;
(4) the non-woven fabric is used as a carrier of the protective agent, so that the protective agent has the advantages of antibiosis and mildew resistance, and is beneficial to the lasting exertion of the protective agent;
(5) the invention has the advantages of simple raw materials and production processing technology, low production cost, obvious effect, economical practicability and popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples in order to facilitate better understanding by those skilled in the art.
The camphor leaves, the wormwood and the walnut leaves used in the invention are local products in Guizhou province and are all fresh plants.
Example 1
Weighing clean camphor leaves with the mass of 1kg, wormwood with the mass of 1kg and walnut leaves with the mass of 1kg respectively, and processing the materials according to the following steps:
s1 crushing: pulverizing Cinnamomum camphora leaf, folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Juglandis to 50 mesh powder respectively;
s2 soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding 150kg of clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 24 hours;
s3 filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent, and reserving filtrate to obtain the protective agent.
The protective agent obtained above is used at a concentration of 100g/m2The dosage of the pesticide is uniformly sprayed at 200g/m2The protective product produced by the invention is obtained on the non-woven fabric.
Examples 2 to 4
Examples 2-4 differ from example 1 in that the amount ratios of the camphor leaves, the wormwood leaves and the walnut leaves are 1:2:3, 1:3:2 and 3:2:1, respectively.
Comparative example 1
Weighing clean camphor leaves with the mass of 1kg, 1kg of wormwood and 1kg of walnut leaves respectively, setting a test control group CK1, and treating the materials according to the following steps:
s1 crushing: pulverizing Cinnamomum camphora leaf, folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Juglandis to 50 mesh powder respectively;
s2 soaking: respectively adding 50kg of clean water into the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1 for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 24 hours;
s3 filtering: and respectively filtering the soaked diluent to obtain camphor liquid filtrate, wormwood filtrate and walnut leaf filtrate protective agent.
The above obtained Cinnamomum camphora extractive solution, folium Artemisiae Argyi filtrate and folium Juglandis filtrate are respectively mixed at a ratio of 100g/m2The dosage of the pesticide is uniformly sprayed at 200g/m2The nonwoven fabric of (2) was coated with CK1a, CK1b and CK1c protectors.
Comparative example 2
A test control group CK2 is set by combining camphor leaves and wormwood, the mass of the camphor leaves and the wormwood is 1kg, and the camphor leaves and the wormwood are processed according to the following steps:
s1, crushing: pulverizing folium Cinnamomi Camphorae and folium Artemisiae Argyi to 50 mesh powder respectively;
s2, soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding 100kg of clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 24 hours;
s3, filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent to obtain the protective agent of the mixed liquid of the camphor leaves and the wormwood.
Mixing the above obtained folium Cinnamomi Camphorae and folium Artemisiae Argyi at a ratio of 100g/m2The dosage of the pesticide is uniformly sprayed at 200g/m2The CK2 protective product was obtained on the nonwoven fabric of (1).
Comparative example 3
A test control group CK3 is set by combining camphor leaves and walnut leaves, the mass of the camphor leaves and the walnut leaves is 1kg, and the camphor leaves and the walnut leaves are processed according to the following steps:
s1, crushing: pulverizing Cinnamomum camphora leaves and walnut leaves to 50 mesh powder respectively;
s2, soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding 100kg of clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 24 hours;
s3, filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent to obtain the camphor leaf and walnut leaf mixed liquid protective agent.
Mixing the above obtained Cinnamomum camphora leaf and folium Juglandis at a ratio of 100g/m2The dosage of the pesticide is uniformly sprayed at 200g/m2The CK3 protective product was obtained on the nonwoven fabric of (1).
Comparative example 4
A test control group CK4 is set by combining wormwood and walnut leaves, the mass of the wormwood and the walnut leaves is 1kg, and the wormwood and the walnut leaves are treated according to the following steps:
s1, crushing: respectively pulverizing folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Juglandis to 50 mesh powder;
s2, soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding 100kg of clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 24 hours;
s3, filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent to obtain the mixed solution protective agent of the wormwood and the walnut leaves.
Mixing the above obtained folium Artemisiae Argyi and folium Juglandis at a ratio of 100g/m2The dosage of the pesticide is uniformly sprayed at 200g/m2The CK4 repellent was obtained on the nonwoven fabric of (1).
The use test is as follows:
the protective products obtained in the above example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are respectively covered on the tobacco bags in different areas of the same warehouse (the number and the size of the pink borers in different areas of the warehouse are similar), and the daily observation records that the test results are as follows:
Figure BDA0002535960270000071
in the above table, 0 indicates no pest, 1 indicates few pest, 2 indicates less pest, 3 indicates a little more pest, 4 indicates more pest, and 5 indicates general pest situation.
According to the experimental observation of the applicant, the protection products obtained in the examples 1 to 4 begin to die after being used for 24 hours, the death amount is 42 percent, the death amount is 63 percent after 72 hours, the death amount is 79 percent after 120 hours, the death amount is 92 percent after 240 hours, the existence of the pink borers is rarely found around tobacco packets after the protection products last for 60 days, the quality of tobacco leaves is not polluted by the protection agent, more than 97 percent of the tobacco leaves are not damaged by the pink borers, and the invention has better expelling and killing effects on the tobacco leaf pink borers and protects the tobacco leaves from being damaged by the pink borers.
Wherein CK1a, CK1b and CK1c have certain protective effects on pink borer, have less insect pest after using and happen or slightly more insect pest; the control effect of CK2, CK3 and CK4 on pink borer is better than that of CK1a, CK1b and CK1c, and is different from that of examples 1-4, and little insect pest or less insect pest occurs after the pesticide composition is used.
The experimental phenomenon shows that the camphor leaves, the wormwood and the walnut leaves have a synergistic effect when used together, the using effect is obviously better than that of single use or combined use of every two of the camphor leaves, the wormwood and the walnut leaves, and the cost performance is higher when the using amount is 1:1: 1.
Insecticidal experiments:
respectively has a size of 1m2The protective agent obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was sprayed on 8 sheets of nonwoven fabric until the nonwoven fabric was wet, and 1m was sprayed2Spraying water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is wet. Laying 9 non-woven fabrics in a transparent box, respectively putting 30 adults of the tobacco pink borer into the box, culturing at constant temperature (28 +/-1 ℃) and moisture preservation (RH 75 +/-5%), and recording the quantity change of the pink borer as follows:
Figure BDA0002535960270000081
the above experimental results show that: the pesticide has a killing effect on pink borers, and the insecticidal effect of the embodiment 1 is the best; the insecticidal effects of CK1a, CK1b and CK1c are smaller than the insecticidal effects of comparative examples 1-4, the insecticidal effects of comparative examples 1-4 are smaller than the insecticidal effects of examples 1-4, and the common use of camphor leaves, wormwood leaves and walnut leaves has a synergistic effect and the insecticidal effect is the best.

Claims (6)

1. The protective agent for the tobacco powder borer is characterized by comprising the following components: 1 part of camphor leaf, 1 part of wormwood and 1 part of walnut leaf.
2. The preparation method of the protective agent for the tobacco meal moth according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 crushing: selecting clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves, and respectively crushing the clean camphor leaves, wormwood and walnut leaves into powder of 50-100 meshes;
s2 soaking: mixing the powder obtained after the crushing in the step S1, adding clear water for dilution, and soaking the diluted solution for 12-24 hours;
s3 filtering: and filtering the soaked diluent, and reserving filtrate to obtain the protective agent.
3. The method for preparing the protective agent for the tobacco powder borer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the powder to the clean water in the step S2 is 1: 50-55.
4. The use method of the protective agent for the tobacco meal moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the protective agent is uniformly sprayed on the cloth surface, and then the cloth is covered on the surface of the cigarette packet, so that the surface of the cloth sprayed with the protective agent is exposed to the air.
5. The use method of the protective agent for the tobacco meal moth according to claim 4, characterized in that: the spraying dosage of the protective agent to the cloth is 100-150g/m2。
6. The use method of the protective agent for the tobacco meal moth according to claim 4, characterized in that: the cloth adopts 200-ion 250g/m2The nonwoven fabric of (1).
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