CN111492902A - Dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method - Google Patents

Dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111492902A
CN111492902A CN202010300957.3A CN202010300957A CN111492902A CN 111492902 A CN111492902 A CN 111492902A CN 202010300957 A CN202010300957 A CN 202010300957A CN 111492902 A CN111492902 A CN 111492902A
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China
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soil
ridge
blind
enabling
crops
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CN202010300957.3A
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韦本辉
张宪
宁秀呈
周佳
周灵芝
申章佑
黄渝岚
劳承英
李艳英
胡泊
韦元波
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Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN202010300957.3A priority Critical patent/CN111492902A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/06—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on vertical or steeply-inclined shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • A01B33/106—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action the rotating shaft being oriented vertically or steeply inclined
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

A dry-land crop powder-ridge and blind-furrow water-storage cultivation method includes the steps of (1) utilizing a bottom blind furrow quick powder-ridge cultivation tool to cultivate land blocks, enabling all upper-layer soil to be subjected to powder ridge cultivation, enabling lower-layer soil to be subjected to no-tillage naturally to form blind furrows with loose soil on two sides of middle loose soil at intervals, enabling total cultivation depth L to be 45-55 cm, enabling blind furrows to be 15-20 cm in depth S, enabling blind furrows to be 25 cm in minimum width K and 6-10 cm in interval J, planting crops according to agricultural requirements, sowing or planting the crops in soil above the blind furrows, (3) enabling a loose soil region in the middle of the blind furrows to store water, enabling roots of the crops to be deeply bundled and basically meeting the requirements of the crops for water in each growth period, reducing irrigation quantity by more than 30% in water management, enabling applied fertilizer to permeate into the blind furrows along with the water, reducing fertilizer application quantity by 10-30% compared with traditional cultivation, and enabling the rest of the method to be carried out according to traditional agricultural requirements.

Description

Dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dry land farming cultivation, in particular to a dry land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method.
Background
With the development of social economy, in order to increase the yield and improve the labor productivity, the labor people invent and create various agricultural production tools. In the field of tillage, the current farming methods are known as deep tillage, shallow tillage, no tillage and a method combining several farming methods, and before modern mechanization appears, farmers use hoes, shovels, plows and harrows for farming due to the limitation of production tools, and tillage is labor-consuming and laborious, so that shallow tillage and no tillage are main means. Due to the over-frequent cultivation in the long year and the heterosis utilization of hybrid fine seeds, the fertilizer and water requirements are large, the land quality is gradually degraded, the soil is hardened seriously, the permeability is reduced, the water and fertilizer energy storage capacity is reduced, and the requirements of shallow-ploughed or no-ploughed crops on high quality and high yield cannot be met. Since the appearance of tractors and matched agricultural implements, deep ploughing is easy to realize, and people also pay attention to the combination of deep ploughing, shallow ploughing and no ploughing so as to meet the requirements of various plant growth.
In recent years, the emergence of the ridge smashing technology changes the existing backward cultivation mode, the cultivated layer is constructed by doubling again, a good farmland 'cultivated land reservoir' and a soil aerobic and oxygen increasing mechanism are formed, natural resources such as soil, natural rainfall, soil oxygen and the like are used in a friendly and efficient manner, the crop naturality is improved by 20-100% greatly, the yield per unit and the product quality are improved, and the modern agriculture development is light and simple cultivation, so that the grain, water resource, ecological safety and national health requirements are met. The ridge smashing technology is used for realizing ultra-deep ploughing and activating various land resources, repairing soil, increasing and storing natural rainfall and improving ecological huge science and application potential, green ecological big pattern agriculture can be constructed, and the method is expected to enable China to realize the transformation from a single 'cultivated land agriculture' pattern to 'green super agriculture' pattern such as 'cultivated land, saline-alkali land, degraded grassland, marginal land, river water and offshore water area' and the like, so that agricultural products such as grains, meat, milk and fish can be produced in a high-quality mode. Through research of several years, the ridge smashing technology has great effect in popularization and application in various countries, however, practical application research finds that the existing ridge smashing cultivation technology has the problems of high cultivation tool energy consumption, low cultivation efficiency and the like, and the existing ridge smashing technology can be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dry crop powder ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method, which utilizes special rotary blades to cultivate, the upper layer soil is not easy to miss plowing, the lower layer soil between two rotary blades has small width no plowing, the bottom of the cultivated place naturally forms a W-shaped blind ditch, the relative equal-divided loose blind ditch formed by the whole field or local ridge cultivation utilizes the uniform crushing and suspension of the ridge soil on the upper part of the cultivation layer, the soil porosity is large, the oxygen amount is large, the rainwater infiltration is fast, the bottom loose ditch easily receives and stores rainwater and snow water and is not easy to flow and disperse in the whole field, meanwhile, the soil ditch at the bottom stores water and fertilizer, attracts the root system of crops to be deeply pricked, improves the drought resistance and cold resistance of the crops, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, further saving water and even zero irrigation, reducing 10-30% of chemical fertilizer, increasing yield or balancing yield, and achieving the cultivation purpose of saving water, saving fertilizer and ecologically enhancing efficiency.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:
a dry-land crop powder ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, namely utilizing a bottom blind ditch rapid ridge-grinding tillage tool to cultivate land blocks, finely crushing and suspending all the soil of upper layer soil, naturally forming blind ditches without loosening the soil at both sides of the middle loosened soil at intervals of lower layer soil, and having the functions of rapid infiltration of rainwater in the upper layer soil and water storage in the lower blind ditches, wherein the total depth L of the loosened soil of the ridge-grinding tillage tool is 45-55 cm, the depth S of the loosened soil blind ditches is 15-20 cm, the minimum width K of the blind ditches is 25 cm, and the interval J of the blind ditches is 6-10 cm;
(2) sowing or planting: planting crops according to the agronomic requirements, and sowing or planting the crops in the finely-crushed suspended soil above the blind ditches;
(3) field management and harvesting: the soil loosening area in the middle of the blind ditch can store rainwater, attract the root systems of crops to deeply prick and basically meet the requirement of the crops on water in each growth period, and the irrigation quantity can be reduced by more than 30% in water management compared with the traditional cultivation; because the soil is loose, the applied fertilizer part seeps into a blind ditch soil loosening area along with rainwater or watering, beneficial microorganisms are activated, and the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced by 10-30% compared with that of the traditional cultivation; the rest operations are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements and harvested at the right time.
The bottom blind ditch rapid ridge smashing ploughing tool comprises a ridge smashing transmission box and a rotary blade, wherein the ridge smashing transmission box is a gear transmission box, and corresponding gears and shafts are installed in the ridge smashing transmission box; a hydraulic motor for inputting power or a power input shaft connected with a power device is arranged on the ridge smashing transmission box; the powder ridge transmission box is also provided with a hinged arm and a hinged seat which are used for being connected with the traction device; a plurality of output connecting shafts for outputting power are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the ridge smashing transmission box, and the rotary blades are arranged at the bottom ends of the output connecting shafts; a hydraulic motor for inputting power or a power input shaft connected with the power device drives the rotary tillage cutter to rotate; the rotary blade comprises a connecting plate and a rod blade, and the connecting plate is provided with a connecting hole which is convenient for connecting the connecting plate with an output connecting shaft by a bolt; the middle part of the bar cutter is vertical, and the upper end and the lower end of the bar cutter are bent towards the same side; three or four rod knives are uniformly arranged at the lower part of the connecting plate in a drooping shape, the top ends of the rod knives are fixedly connected with the connecting plate in a three-dimensional or four-dimensional hollow shape, the middle parts of the rod knives face outwards, the upper ends and the lower ends of spaces enclosed among the three or four rod knives are all in a cone shape, the middle parts are in a cylinder shape, the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the upper end is 2-3 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section, and the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the lower end is 3-10 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section; an upper reinforcing plate is arranged between the middle parts of the three or four bar cutters, and a lower reinforcing plate is arranged between the lower ends of the three or four bar cutters; the bottom of the lower reinforcing plate is provided with a triangular earth drilling cutter.
Preferably: the length of the bent upper end of the bar cutter accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the total length.
Preferably: the length of the bent lower end of the bar knife accounts for one fourth to one third of the total length.
Preferably: the soil cutting side of the bar cutter is provided with a cutting edge. The arrangement of the cutting edge can be more beneficial to the rotation of the bar cutter for cutting soil, and the resistance can be reduced.
Preferably: the outer side of each rod knife is provided with an outward extending soil cutting knife, each rod knife is provided with 2-3 soil cutting knives, and the soil cutting knives are arranged on each rod knife in a staggered mode. The soil cutter can be a strip-shaped or triangular cutter with a cutting edge. The soil cutting knife at the upper end of the rod knife has a long extension distance, and the soil cutting knife at the lower end of the rod knife has a short extension distance. When the rod knife vertically cuts soil, the soil cutting knife can transversely cut the soil, and the soil cutting rate can be improved. When in cultivation again, the bottom between the two drill bits is separated from each other by a small-width no-tillage distance of 6-10 cm, so that a dark ditch is formed on the bottom layer of cultivation.
The dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method can be towed by a special towing device or driven by a tractor. The special traction device comprises a frame, wherein the bottom of the frame is provided with a travelling wheel, and the frame is provided with a cab and a power device; the powder ridge transmission box is arranged at the rear part of the frame, a hinged arm on the powder ridge transmission box is connected with the frame through a hydraulic cylinder, and a hinged seat is also connected with the frame; the power of the hydraulic motor is transmitted to the output connecting shaft through the gears and the shaft in the ridge smashing transmission box, so that the rotary tillage blades connected with the output connecting shaft are driven to plough soil in a rotating mode. The shaft of the hydraulic cylinder stretches to realize the swing of the powder ridge transmission box, so that the rotary tillage cutter is driven to swing to stretch into soil or leave the soil. An operator controls a hydraulic system to realize stable lifting and lowering of the ridge smashing transmission box through a hydraulic cylinder, so that the rotary blade of the ridge smashing transmission box can be lifted to be parallel to the horizontal plane and lowered to be vertical to the horizontal plane; mud guards of the powder ridge transmission case can prevent soil from splashing, and can scrape the soil cultivated by the rotary tillage cutter off without secondary leveling. When the powder ridge tractor is driven to pull, tractors with different horsepower are selected according to different requirements, the existing mature tractor is utilized to drive to work, an additional power device is not required to be additionally arranged, a powder ridge transmission box is arranged at the rear part of the tractor, a hinged arm is arranged at the upper part of the middle of the powder ridge transmission box, hinged seats are respectively arranged on two sides of the powder ridge transmission box, the hinged arm is connected with a middle cantilever of the tractor, and the hinged seats are connected with side cantilevers of the tractor; the powder ridge transmission case is also connected with a transmission case of the tractor through a power input shaft, and transmits the power of the tractor to the powder ridge transmission case for driving the rotary tillage cutter to work.
The dry-land crop powder ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method has the advantages that:
1. the method utilizes special rotary tillage blades to cultivate, upper soil is not easy to miss-cultivate, lower soil between two rotary tillage blades has interval small-width no-cultivate, the bottom of the cultivated place naturally forms a W-shaped blind ditch, the relative equal-part loose soil blind ditch formed by whole field or local powder ridge cultivation is utilized to uniformly crush and suspend powder ridge soil on the upper part of the plough layer, the soil has large porosity, large oxygen amount and rapid rainwater infiltration, the bottom loose soil ditch is easy to receive and store rainwater and snow water and is not easy to flow and disperse in the whole field, and simultaneously the bottom soil ditch stores water and fertilizer, attracts deep root systems of crops to prick, improves the drought resistance and cold resistance of the crops, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, further can save water and even zero irrigation, reduces 10 to 30 percent of chemical fertilizer, can increase yield or even yield, and achieves the cultivation purposes of saving water, saving fertilizer and ecologically increasing efficiency.
2. The adopted rotary blades have no rotary tillage shaft or no spiral blade disc and are in a big-end-up shape, upper-layer soil between the two rotary blades is not easy to miss tillage, lower-layer soil between the two rotary blades has interval small-amplitude no tillage, a soil loosening strip water storage ditch which is alternated with original soil is formed at the bottom of a place cultivated by the rotary blades, the cross section is in a w shape, water and fertilizer storage and soil conservation are facilitated, soil microorganism activity is promoted, plant root systems are attracted to grow downwards, the drought resistance of plants is improved, the water storage and water retention capacity of the bottom of dry land is increased, and a foundation is laid for rain-fed planting of dry land crops.
3. Three or four pole knives of the rotary tillage cutter of the tillage tool are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the connecting plate in a drooping shape, the top ends of the pole knives are fixedly connected with the connecting plate, the middle parts of the pole knives face outwards, the upper end and the lower end of a space enclosed among the three or four pole knives are all in a cone shape, the middle part is in a cylinder shape, the upper ends are in the cone shape, the tillage and soil removal are facilitated, the walking resistance is reduced, the lower ends are in the cone shape, the tail end resistance at the bottom of the rotary tillage cutter is reduced, the service life of the rotary tillage cutter is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the dry land crop powdering, furrowing and water-storing cultivation method in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the powder ridge box and the rotary blade in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical rotary tiller without a tilling shaft in accordance with embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the dry crop pulverizing, ridging, and furrowing water storage method according to example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting arrangement of the crushing and ridging box and the rotary blades in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of soil after cultivation;
the part names of the sequence numbers in the figure are:
1. road wheel, 2, cab, 3, power device, 4, frame, 5, hydraulic cylinder, 6, articulated arm, 7, powder ridge transmission case, 8, hydraulic motor, 9, rotary blade, 10, output connecting shaft, 11, articulated seat, 12, connecting plate, 13, connecting hole, 14, pole sword, 15, blade, 16, last reinforcing plate, 17, soil cutting sword, 18, lower reinforcing plate, 19, triangle-shaped soil drilling sword, 20, side cantilever, 21, tractor, 22, power input shaft, 23, middle cantilever.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch cultivation can be finished by adopting the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, namely utilizing a bottom blind ditch rapid ridge-grinding tillage tool to cultivate land blocks, finely crushing and suspending all the soil of upper layer soil, naturally forming blind ditches without loosening the soil at both sides of the middle loosened soil at intervals of lower layer soil, and having the functions of rapid infiltration of rainwater in the upper layer soil and water storage in the lower blind ditches, wherein the total depth L of the loosened soil of the ridge-grinding tillage tool is 45-55 cm, the depth S of the loosened soil blind ditches is 15-20 cm, the minimum width K of the blind ditches is 25 cm, and the interval J of the blind ditches is 6-10 cm;
(2) sowing or planting: planting crops according to the agronomic requirements, and sowing or planting the crops in the finely-crushed suspended soil above the blind ditches;
(3) field management and harvesting: the soil loosening area in the middle of the blind ditch can store rainwater, attract the root systems of crops to deeply prick and basically meet the requirement of the crops on water in each growth period, and the irrigation quantity can be reduced by more than 30% in water management compared with the traditional cultivation; because the soil is loose, the applied fertilizer part seeps into a blind ditch soil loosening area along with rainwater or watering, beneficial microorganisms are activated, and the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced by 10-30% compared with that of the traditional cultivation; the rest operations are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements and harvested at the right time.
The bottom blind ditch rapid powder ridge ploughing tool comprises a frame 4, a powder ridge transmission case 7 and rotary blades 9, wherein walking wheels 1 are mounted at the bottom of the frame 4, and a cab 2 and a power device 3 are mounted on the frame 4; the ridge smashing transmission box 7 is a gear transmission box, and corresponding gears and shafts are installed in the ridge smashing transmission box; the ridge smashing transmission box 7 is arranged at the rear part of the frame 4; the ridge smashing transmission box 7 is provided with a hydraulic motor 8 for inputting power, an articulated arm 6 and an articulated seat 11, the articulated arm 6 is connected with the frame 4 through a hydraulic cylinder 5, and the articulated seat 11 is also connected with the frame 4; a plurality of output connecting shafts 10 for outputting power are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the ridge smashing transmission box 7, and rotary blades 9 are arranged at the bottom ends of the output connecting shafts 10; a hydraulic motor 8 for inputting power drives the rotary blade 9 to rotate; the rotary tillage cutter 9 comprises a connecting plate 12 and a rod cutter 14, wherein the connecting plate 12 is provided with a connecting hole 13 which is convenient to be connected with the output connecting shaft 10 by a bolt; the middle part of the bar cutter 14 is vertical, and the upper end and the lower end of the bar cutter are bent towards the same side; the three or four rod knives 14 are uniformly arranged at the lower part of the connecting plate 12 in a drooping shape, the top ends of the rod knives 14 are fixedly connected with the connecting plate 12, the middle parts of the rod knives 14 face outwards, the upper ends and the lower ends of the spaces enclosed among the three or four rod knives 14 are in a cone shape, the middle parts are in a cylinder shape, the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the upper end is 2-3 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section, and the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the lower end is 3-10 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section; an upper reinforcing plate 16 is arranged between the middle parts of the three or four bar cutters 14, and a lower reinforcing plate 18 is arranged between the lower ends of the three or four bar cutters; the bottom of the lower reinforcing plate 18 is provided with a triangular earth boring cutter 19.
The length of the upper end bend of the bar cutter 14 accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the total length.
The length of the lower end bend of the bar knife 14 accounts for one fourth to one third of the total length.
The soil cutting side of the bar cutter 14 is provided with a cutting edge 15.
The outer sides of the rod cutters 14 are provided with soil cutting cutters 17 which extend outwards, 2-3 soil cutting cutters 17 are arranged on each rod cutter 14, and the soil cutting cutters 17 are arranged on each rod cutter 14 in a staggered mode. The soil cutting knife 17 may be a strip or a triangular knife with a cutting edge. The soil cutter 17 at the upper end of the bar cutter 14 is extended for a long distance, and the soil cutter 17 at the lower end is extended for a short distance.
Example 2
The dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch cultivation can be finished by adopting the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, namely utilizing a bottom blind ditch rapid ridge-grinding tillage tool to cultivate land blocks, finely crushing and suspending all the soil of upper layer soil, naturally forming blind ditches without loosening the soil at both sides of the middle loosened soil at intervals of lower layer soil, and having the functions of rapid infiltration of rainwater in the upper layer soil and water storage in the lower blind ditches, wherein the total depth L of the loosened soil of the ridge-grinding tillage tool is 45-55 cm, the depth S of the loosened soil blind ditches is 15-20 cm, the minimum width K of the blind ditches is 25 cm, and the interval J of the blind ditches is 6-10 cm;
(2) sowing or planting: planting crops according to the agronomic requirements, and sowing or planting the crops in the finely-crushed suspended soil above the blind ditches;
(3) field management and harvesting: the soil loosening area in the middle of the blind ditch can store rainwater, attract the root systems of crops to deeply prick and basically meet the requirement of the crops on water in each growth period, and the irrigation quantity can be reduced by more than 30% in water management compared with the traditional cultivation; because the soil is loose, the applied fertilizer part seeps into a blind ditch soil loosening area along with rainwater or watering, beneficial microorganisms are activated, and the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced by 10-30% compared with that of the traditional cultivation; the rest operations are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements and harvested at the right time.
The bottom blind ditch rapid ridge smashing plough comprises a ridge smashing transmission box 7 and a rotary blade 9, wherein the ridge smashing transmission box 7 is a gear transmission box, and corresponding gears and shafts are arranged in the gear transmission box; the powder ridge transmission case 7 is provided with a power input shaft 22; the powder ridge transmission case 7 is also provided with a hinged arm 6 and a hinged seat 11 which are used for being connected with a tractor; a plurality of output connecting shafts 10 for outputting power are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the ridge smashing transmission box 7, and rotary blades 9 are arranged at the bottom ends of the output connecting shafts 10; the powder ridge transmission case 7 is arranged at the rear part of a tractor 21, the articulated arm 6 is connected with a middle cantilever 23 of the tractor 21, and the articulated seat 11 is connected with a side cantilever 20 of the tractor 21; the powder ridge transmission case 7 is also connected with a transmission case of a tractor 21 through a power input shaft 22, the power of the tractor 21 is transmitted into the powder ridge transmission case 7, and the power input shaft 22 inputs power to drive the rotary blade 9 to rotate; the rotary tillage cutter 9 comprises a connecting plate 12 and a rod cutter 14, wherein the connecting plate 12 is provided with a connecting hole 13 which is convenient to be connected with the output connecting shaft 10 by a bolt; the middle part of the bar cutter 14 is vertical, and the upper end and the lower end of the bar cutter are bent towards the same side; the three or four rod knives 14 are uniformly arranged at the lower part of the connecting plate 12 in a drooping shape, the top ends of the rod knives 14 are fixedly connected with the connecting plate 12, the middle parts of the rod knives 14 face outwards, the upper ends and the lower ends of the spaces enclosed among the three or four rod knives 14 are in a cone shape, the middle parts are in a cylinder shape, the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the upper end is 2-3 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section, and the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the lower end is 3-10 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section; an upper reinforcing plate 16 is arranged between the middle parts of the three or four bar cutters 14, and a lower reinforcing plate 18 is arranged between the lower ends of the three or four bar cutters; the bottom of the lower reinforcing plate 18 is provided with a triangular earth boring cutter 19.
The length of the upper end bend of the bar cutter 14 accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the total length.
The length of the lower end bend of the bar knife 14 accounts for one fourth to one third of the total length.
The soil cutting side of the bar cutter 14 is provided with a cutting edge 15.
The outer sides of the rod cutters 14 are provided with soil cutting cutters 17 which extend outwards, 2-3 soil cutting cutters 17 are arranged on each rod cutter 14, and the soil cutting cutters 17 are arranged on each rod cutter 14 in a staggered mode. The soil cutting knife 17 may be a strip or a triangular knife with a cutting edge. The soil cutter 17 at the upper end of the bar cutter 14 is extended for a long distance, and the soil cutter 17 at the lower end is extended for a short distance.
The inventors have made comparative experimental records as follows:
1. a Dier 1625(160 horsepower) tractor is utilized to pull a powder ridge transmission box (the lower part of the powder ridge transmission box is provided with the rotary tillage cutter) to form a bottom blind ditch rapid powder ridge tillage tool for trial tillage in Guangxi Longan county, wherein the tillage width is 2.3 meters; and (5) trial ploughing results: the working depth is about 45 cm, 9.5 mu of cultivation is carried out per hour, and the oil consumption is 3.84 liters per mu; in the same area, a tractor of the same type is used for drawing a powder ridge transmission box (the lower part of the powder ridge transmission box is provided with a rotary blade which is similar to the rotary blade but is in a straight barrel shape without bottom no-tillage and naturally forms a blind ditch), the operation depth is about 42 cm, the tilling width is 2.3 m, 9 mu is cultivated per hour, and the oil consumption is 4.05 liters per mu.
2. Shallow ploughing 25-30 cm of land blocks in the same area by using a ridge smashing machine, and marking the land blocks as A land blocks; deep ploughing 45-50 cm and marking as a land block B; the bottom blind ditch rapid ridge-crushing ploughing tool in the embodiment 2 is used for ploughing a land with the depth of 43-45 cm and is marked as a C land; the sugarcane (sweet-scented osmanthus 03/2357) is planted at the same time, the seed quantity of A, B and C plots is the same, the row spacing is the same, and the management means is the same; 400 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to the base fertilizer, and 35 kg/mu of sugarcane Dejin product insecticide fertilizer produced by Guangxi rural biochemical shares GmbH is applied to intertillage ridging; on the fifth sunny day after heavy rain, respectively digging A, B and C plots to the depth of about 45 cm, and measuring soil humidity, wherein the relative water content of the soil in the A plot is about 48%, the relative water content of the soil in the B plot is about 56%, and the relative water content of the soil in the C plot is about 62%; the yield per mu of the land A is 6.26 tons and the root length is not more than 15 centimeters by calculation during the same-period harvest; the yield per mu of the land parcel B is 7.63 tons, and the root length does not exceed 17 centimeters; the yield per mu of the C land is 8.25 tons, and the root length reaches 21 centimeters.
The above description is not intended to limit the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A dry-land crop powder ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, namely utilizing a bottom blind ditch rapid ridge-grinding tillage tool to cultivate land blocks, finely crushing and suspending all the soil of upper layer soil, naturally forming blind ditches without loosening the soil at both sides of the middle loosened soil at intervals of lower layer soil, and having the functions of rapid infiltration of rainwater in the upper layer soil and water storage in the lower blind ditches, wherein the total depth L of the loosened soil of the ridge-grinding tillage tool is 45-55 cm, the depth S of the loosened soil blind ditches is 15-20 cm, the minimum width K of the blind ditches is 25 cm, and the interval J of the blind ditches is 6-10 cm;
(2) sowing or planting: planting crops according to the agronomic requirements, and sowing or planting the crops in the finely-crushed suspended soil above the blind ditches;
(3) field management and harvesting: the soil loosening area in the middle of the blind ditch can store rainwater, attract the root systems of crops to deeply prick and basically meet the requirement of the crops on water in each growth period, and the irrigation quantity can be reduced by more than 30% in water management compared with the traditional cultivation; because the soil is loose, the applied fertilizer part seeps into a blind ditch soil loosening area along with rainwater or watering, beneficial microorganisms are activated, and the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced by 10-30% compared with that of the traditional cultivation; the rest operations are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements and harvested at the right time.
2. The dry-land crop pulverizing ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom blind ditch rapid ridge smashing plough comprises a ridge smashing transmission box (7) and a rotary blade (9), wherein the ridge smashing transmission box (7) is a gear transmission box, and corresponding gears and shafts are arranged in the ridge smashing transmission box; a hydraulic motor (8) for inputting power or a power input shaft (22) connected with a power device is arranged on the ridge smashing transmission box (7); the powder ridge transmission box (7) is also provided with a hinged arm (6) and a hinged seat (11) which are used for being connected with the traction device; a plurality of output connecting shafts (10) for outputting power are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the ridge smashing transmission box (7), and rotary blades (9) are arranged at the bottom ends of the output connecting shafts (10); a hydraulic motor (8) for inputting power or a power input shaft (22) connected with the power device drives the rotary tillage cutter (9) to rotate; the rotary tillage cutter (9) comprises a connecting plate (12) and a rod cutter (14), and a connecting hole (13) which is convenient for being connected with the output connecting shaft (10) through a bolt is formed in the connecting plate (12); the middle part of the bar cutter (14) is vertical, and the upper end and the lower end of the bar cutter are bent towards the same side; three or four rod knives (14) are uniformly arranged at the lower part of the connecting plate (12) in a drooping shape, the top ends of the rod knives (14) are fixedly connected with the connecting plate (12), the middle parts of the rod knives (14) face outwards, the upper end and the lower end of a space enclosed by the three or four rod knives (14) are in a cone shape, the middle parts of the rod knives are in a cylinder shape, the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the upper end is 2-3 cm smaller than that of the maximum cross section, and the diameter of the minimum cross section of the cone shape at the lower end is 3-10 cm smaller than that of the maximum; an upper reinforcing plate (16) is arranged between the middle parts of the three or four bar cutters (14), and a lower reinforcing plate (18) is arranged between the lower ends of the three or four bar cutters; the bottom of the lower reinforcing plate (18) is provided with a triangular earth drilling cutter (19).
3. The dry-land crop pulverizing ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the upper end bend of the bar knife (14) accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the total length.
4. The dry-land crop pulverizing ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the lower end bend of the bar knife (14) accounts for one fourth to one third of the total length.
5. The dry-land crop pulverizing ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the soil cutting side of the bar cutter (14) is provided with a cutting edge (15).
6. The dry-land crop pulverizing ridge blind ditch water storage cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the outer side of each rod knife (14) is provided with an outward extending soil cutting knife (17), each rod knife (14) is provided with 2-3 soil cutting knives (17), and the soil cutting knives (17) are arranged on each rod knife (14) in a staggered mode.
CN202010300957.3A 2020-04-16 2020-04-16 Dry-land crop powder ridge and blind ditch water storage cultivation method Pending CN111492902A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101779537A (en) * 2010-03-17 2010-07-21 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Method for planting dryland crops by crashing soil
CN104303635A (en) * 2014-08-28 2015-01-28 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Powder ridge deep-cyclone water-storage seedling-retaining growth promoting and cultivation method in arid and semi-arid regions
CN110839356A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-28 广西粉垄科技发展有限公司 No-tillage-shaft ridge-crushing tillage tool

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101779537A (en) * 2010-03-17 2010-07-21 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Method for planting dryland crops by crashing soil
CN104303635A (en) * 2014-08-28 2015-01-28 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Powder ridge deep-cyclone water-storage seedling-retaining growth promoting and cultivation method in arid and semi-arid regions
CN110839356A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-28 广西粉垄科技发展有限公司 No-tillage-shaft ridge-crushing tillage tool

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