CN111485881A - Mining method of steeply inclined thin ore vein - Google Patents
Mining method of steeply inclined thin ore vein Download PDFInfo
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- CN111485881A CN111485881A CN202010271737.2A CN202010271737A CN111485881A CN 111485881 A CN111485881 A CN 111485881A CN 202010271737 A CN202010271737 A CN 202010271737A CN 111485881 A CN111485881 A CN 111485881A
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- mining
- stope
- holes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein, comprising the following steps: preparing: a stope roadway (20) is arranged on the ore body (10), the stope roadway is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and the stope roadway is provided with a stope roof (30); punching: drilling a hole in the current stope roof, wherein the hole comprises a plurality of blast holes (31) and a plurality of anchor rod holes (32), and the depth of each blast hole is greater than that of each anchor rod hole; and (3) supporting: mounting an anchor rod (40) in the anchor rod hole; mining: after the supporting step is completed, carrying out ore recovery; embedding the medicine: filling explosives into all blast holes; blasting: after the mining step is completed, blasting operation is carried out so as to drop the roof of the current stope; danger elimination: and after the blasting step is completed, if the next stope roof is exposed, carrying out slag prying and danger elimination on the exposed next stope roof and surrounding rocks, and then returning to the punching step. The mining method can effectively improve the mining efficiency and the mining safety.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of ore mining, in particular to a mining method of a steep thin vein.
Background
An ore body refers to a geologic body containing a sufficient amount of ore and having mining value. Mining refers to the extraction of ore from a block (or panel). In the mining operation, generally, a stope is arranged firstly, a series of roadways such as ventilation and pedestrian roadways are tunneled, a stope is arranged at the bottom of an ore body, a top plate of the stope is the bottom of the ore body, then a cement false bottom is carried out on the stope, upward mining can be carried out after the cement false bottom is hardened, in the related technology, during upward mining, an operator enters a stope space, blasts a hole on the top plate, then explosive blasting is carried out in the blasthole, after blasting is completed, the operator enters the stope space to pry, remove danger and support the top plate by adopting an upright post or an anchor rod and the like, after the fallen ore is mined and transported, the operator enters the stope space again, blasthole, blasting and supporting are carried out on a new top plate, the circulation is carried out until the stope is mined, however, the supporting effect of the upright post is poor, and the mining machinery cannot enter the stope space to carry out the operation due to the arrangement of the upright post, influence mining efficiency, adopt the stock to support and though can avoid it to occupy too much stope space, when nevertheless upwards mining, because the stock is driven into in the ore body, how to avoid the stock to hinder the people and influence mining efficiency is the problem that this field is endeavored to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a mining method of a steep thin vein, which can effectively improve mining efficiency and mining safety.
In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein, comprising the steps of: preparing: the bottom of the ore body is provided with a stope roadway which is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and the stope roadway is provided with a stope roof; punching: forming a hole in a current stope roof, wherein the hole comprises a plurality of blast holes and a plurality of anchor rod holes, and the depth of each blast hole is greater than that of each anchor rod hole; and (3) supporting: mounting an anchor rod to the anchor rod hole; mining: after the supporting step is completed, carrying out ore recovery; embedding the medicine: filling all the blast holes with explosives; blasting: after the mining step is completed, blasting operation is carried out so as to drop the roof of the current stope; danger elimination: and after the blasting step is completed, if the next stope roof is exposed, carrying out slag prying and danger elimination on the exposed next stope roof and surrounding rocks, and then returning to the punching step.
Optionally, the blast holes are arranged in a row in the strike of the ore body, and the intervals between any two adjacent rows are all equal, and are arranged in a row in the direction crossing the strike, and the intervals between any two adjacent rows are all equal; and the anchor rod holes are arranged in a row in the trend of the ore body, the intervals between any two adjacent rows are equal, the anchor rod holes are arranged in a row in the direction crossing the trend, and the intervals between any two adjacent rows are equal.
Optionally, an anchor rod hole is arranged in each row of the blast holes arranged in a row in the running direction of the ore body in a hollow manner.
Alternatively, each bolt hole in the same row of blastholes is equidistant from its adjacent blastholes.
Optionally, a connecting line between the blast hole in one of the two adjacent rows of holes and the anchor rod hole closest to the blast hole in the other row of holes is perpendicular to the trend of the ore body.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes is 25cm-55cm, the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes is 25 cm-35 cm, and the difference between the depth of the blast holes and the depth of the anchor rod hole is 3cm-8 cm.
Optionally, the burying step is performed after the mining step is completed.
Optionally, the step of supporting comprises: and after the anchor rod is installed, pulling an anchor net.
Optionally, the mining step comprises: ventilating: after the blasting step is completed, exchanging air between the stope roadway and the outside environment using an exhaust fan.
Optionally, in the preparing step, the number of the stope roadways is plural, and the stope roadways are arranged at a preset interval in the height direction of the ore body.
According to the technical scheme, in the mining method of the steeply inclined thin ore vein, a stope roadway is arranged on an ore body in the preparation step, so that personnel and machinery can enter the ore body to conduct mining operation, a stope roof is a part of the ore body, then the drilling step is carried out, blast holes and anchor rod holes are completed in one step in the drilling step, the mining time is saved, meanwhile, the depth of the blast holes is larger than that of the anchor rod holes, so that all anchor rods on the stope roof can fall off along with ores when the current stope roof is subjected to the blasting step, the supporting step is carried out after the drilling step, so that the anchor rods can support the current stope roof, at the moment, under the condition of safe supporting, personnel and machinery enter the mining to extract the ores out of the ore body, after the hole is formed on the current stope roof, the explosive is buried in the blast holes, namely, the explosives are filled in all the blast holes, and after the mining step is completed, blasting is carried out, the current stope top plate is knocked down, all anchor rods fall off along with ores in the step, then personnel enter a stope roadway, the exposed next stope top plate and surrounding rocks are subjected to slag picking and danger elimination, the existence of rocks and ores which fall off but do not fall off is avoided, and then the step of punching is returned, so that the mining work can be continuously carried out, meanwhile, because the stope top plate is supported by the anchor rods when the stope roadway enters the mining step each time, the mining can be carried out under the safe condition, meanwhile, machinery can enter the stope roadway, the mining efficiency is greatly improved, all anchor rods fall off along with the ores after each blasting, on one hand, the safety risk caused by the falling off when some anchor rods are remained on an ore body is avoided, on the other hand, the damage workers are easily stabbed when the anchor rods deform after blasting is avoided, therefore, the mining safety is greatly improved, the mining efficiency is influenced, and the mining efficiency and the mining safety can be effectively improved by the mining method.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a structure in which an ore body is mined in a method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of one arrangement of blast holes and anchor rod holes in a method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of another arrangement of blast holes and anchor rod holes in a method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the reference numerals
10-ore body, 20-stope roadway, 30-stope roof, 31-blast hole, 32-anchor rod hole and 40-anchor rod.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the terms of orientation such as "top and bottom" are defined based on the ore body, and refer specifically to the direction of the drawing of fig. 1; moreover, in the following description, when referring to the figures, the same reference numbers in different figures designate the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated.
According to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein, as illustrated in reference to fig. 1 and 2, the mining method comprising the steps of: preparing: a stope roadway 20 is arranged on the ore body 10, the stope roadway 20 is arranged along the trend of the ore body 10, and the stope roadway 20 is provided with a stope roof 30; punching: drilling a hole in the current stope roof 30, wherein the hole comprises a plurality of blast holes 31 and a plurality of anchor rod holes 32, and the depth of the blast holes 31 is greater than that of the anchor rod holes 32; and (3) supporting: mounting the anchor bar 40 to the anchor bar hole 32; mining: after the supporting step is finished, carrying out ore recovery; embedding the medicine: filling all blast holes 31 with explosives; blasting: after the mining step is completed, blasting operation is performed to drop the current stope roof 30; danger elimination: after the blasting step is completed, if the next stope roof 30 is exposed, the exposed next stope roof 30 and surrounding rocks are subjected to slag prying and danger elimination, and then the drilling step is returned.
Through the technical scheme, in the mining method of the steeply inclined thin ore vein provided by the disclosure, in the preparation step, a stope roadway 20 is arranged on an ore body 10, so that personnel and machinery can enter the ore body 10 to carry out mining operation, a stope roof 30 is a part of the ore body, then, a punching step is carried out, blast holes 31 and anchor rod holes 32 are completed in one step in the punching step, the mining time is saved, meanwhile, the depth of the blast holes 31 is greater than that of the anchor rod holes 32, so that all anchor rods 40 on the stope roof 30 can fall off along with ores when the current stope roof 30 is subjected to a blasting step, a supporting step is carried out after the punching step, so that the anchor rods 40 can support the current stope roof, at the moment, under the condition of safe supporting, the personnel and machinery enter the mining to extract the ore body 10, after the stope roof 30 is perforated, the explosives are buried in the blast holes 31, namely, the explosives are filled in all blast holes 31, after the mining step is completed, blasting is carried out, the current stope top plate 30 is knocked down, all anchor rods 40 fall off along with ores, then personnel enter the stope roadway 20, the exposed next stope top plate 30 and surrounding rocks are subjected to picking and danger elimination, the situation that some ores and rocks which fall off but do not fall off exist is avoided, and then the step of punching is returned, so that the mining work can be continuously operated, meanwhile, because the stope top plate 30 is supported by the anchor rods 40 when the mining step is carried out in the stope roadway 20 every time, the mining can be carried out under the safe condition, meanwhile, machinery can enter the stope roadway 20, the mining efficiency is greatly improved, all anchor rods 40 fall off along with the ores after each blasting, on one hand, the safety risk caused by falling off when some anchor rods 40 are remained on the ore body 10 is avoided, on the other hand, the situation that the workers are easily scratched when the anchor rods 40 deform after blasting is avoided, therefore, the mining safety is greatly improved, the mining efficiency is influenced, and the mining efficiency and the mining safety can be effectively improved by the mining method.
It should be noted that the mining method of the present disclosure realizes continuous upward mining of ore bodies, when the mining method of the present disclosure is applied, the mining step in the first cycle is not mined because only the hole is previously drilled, and the mining step is circulated each time in a plurality of cycles after the first cycle, which is also designed to realize a better order and fewer steps of the mining method, thereby improving the practicability and convenience of the mining method.
It should be further noted that the stope roof 30 refers to a plate extending upward from the top wall of the stope roadway 20 by a certain height, the ore falling off after each blasting constitutes the stope roof 30, and the stope roof 30 is well known to those skilled in the art, and the details of the disclosure are not repeated herein. In addition, the support principle of the anchor rod 40 is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present disclosure is not repeated herein, and according to some embodiments, the anchor rod 40 may be an expansion ring anchor rod. Further, the present disclosure does not limit the specific arrangement of the blast hole 31 and the anchor rod hole 32, and the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following embodiments.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of blast holes 31 are arranged in a row in the running direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 3) of the ore body 10 with the intervals between any two adjacent rows being equal, and are arranged in a row in the direction crossing the running direction with the intervals between any two adjacent rows being equal; and, the plurality of anchor holes 32 are arranged in a row in the strike of the ore body 10 with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows, and are arranged in a row in a direction crossing the strike with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows. Like this, evenly distributed's big gun hole 31 can make current stope roof 30 when blasting, and whole stope roof 30 can both drop, prevents to have the phenomenon that some of stope roof 30 does not drop, and evenly distributed's anchor rod hole 32 makes when strutting current stope roof 30, and whole stope roof 30 of support that whole anchor rod 40 can be even promotes and struts the effect. Here, the present disclosure does not limit the spatial arrangement relationship of the plurality of blast holes 31 and the plurality of anchor holes 32, and the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following embodiments.
It should be noted that fig. 3 and 4 are for showing the spatial positional relationship between the gun hole 31 and the anchor hole 32, and for clearly showing the gun hole 31 and the anchor hole 32, the sizes of the gun hole 31 and the anchor hole 32 in fig. 3 and 4 are distinguished, but this does not limit the sizes of the gun hole 31 and the anchor hole 32.
According to some embodiments, and with reference to the illustration in fig. 3, anchor rod holes 32 are lined in empty in each line of blast holes 31 arranged in a line in the course of the ore body 10. In this way, the bolt holes 32 and the blast holes 31 can be staggered in a direction crossing the strike, for example, in the strike, a row of bolt holes 32 is arranged between two rows of blast holes 31, which enables the bolt holes 32 to better perform a supporting function and to support the whole stope roof 30 more uniformly. Here, the bolt hole 32 of the jack arrangement may be offset from each row of the blast holes 31 in the direction crossing the strike, that is, in the direction crossing the strike, one row of the blast holes 31 is spaced apart from one row of the bolt holes 32, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, each bolt hole 32 in the same row of holes 31 is equally spaced from its adjacent hole 31. Thus, the anchor rod holes 32 can more uniformly support the stope roof 30 between two adjacent blast holes 31, and the supporting effect is ensured.
According to some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the line between the blastholes 31 in one of the adjacent rows and the closest bolt holes 32 in the other row is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 10 (in the direction of the arrow in fig. 4). In this way, the distances between any two adjacent holes are equal, so that the supporting effect of the anchor rod 40 on the stope roof 30 and the blasting effect of the blast hole 31 on the stope roof 30 can be optimal.
According to some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes 31 is 25cm-55cm, the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes 31 is 25 cm-35 cm, and the difference between the depth of the blast holes 31 and the depth of the anchor rod hole 32 is 3cm-8 cm. Therefore, the situation that the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes 31 and/or the interval between two adjacent rows of blast holes 31 is large, so that non-falling ores exist in the current stope roof 30 during blasting, the depth difference value between the blast holes 31 and the anchor rod holes 32 is not too large, the blasting effect and the supporting effect are considered, and the depth difference value can be 5 cm.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the burdening step may be performed after the mining step is completed. Like this, can guarantee mining personnel's safety, prevent to bury the medicine step when the mining step, cause the potential safety hazard.
According to the specific embodiment of the present disclosure, after the anchor rods 40 are installed, the anchor net is pulled, so as to further improve the supporting effect on the current stope roof.
According to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the mining step comprises: ventilating: after the blasting step is completed, the air between the stope roadway 20 and the external environment is exchanged by using the exhaust fan, so that the stope roadway 20 can be ventilated in time, and the cleanness of the air in the stope roadway 20 is ensured.
In the preparation step, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the stope roadways 20 may be plural, and arranged at a preset interval in the height direction of the ore body 10, that is, one stope roadway 20 is provided at every preset distance, so that when the mining operation is performed on the ore body on a certain stope roadway 20, the stope roof 30 of the stope roadway 20 on the upper part of the ore body 10 is subjected to a boring step and a supporting step, this enables that when the last stope roof 30 of the section of ore body 10 on the certain stope roadway 20 is blasted, two adjacent stope roadways 20 are through, mining is still carried out under the condition of support when the mining step is carried out, in this way, all mining steps into the stope galleries 20 are mined under safe conditions, while the sectioned ore body 10 reduces the difficulty of mining the ore body 10.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A mining method of a steep thin vein is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing: a stope roadway (20) is arranged on the ore body (10), the stope roadway (20) is arranged along the trend of the ore body (10), and the stope roadway (20) is provided with a stope roof (30);
punching: drilling a hole on a current stope roof (30), wherein the hole comprises a plurality of blast holes (31) and a plurality of anchor rod holes (32), and the depth of the blast holes (31) is greater than that of the anchor rod holes (32);
and (3) supporting: mounting an anchor rod (40) to the anchor rod bore (32);
mining: after the supporting step is completed, carrying out ore recovery;
embedding the medicine: filling all blast holes (31) with explosives;
blasting: after the mining step is completed, blasting operation is carried out to drop the current stope roof (30);
danger elimination: and after the blasting step is completed, if the next stope roof (30) is exposed, carrying out slag prying and danger elimination on the exposed next stope roof (30) and surrounding rocks, and then returning to the punching step.
2. A mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said blastholes (31) are arranged in a row in the strike of the ore body (10) with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows, and in a row in a direction crossing the strike with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows; and the number of the first and second groups,
the plurality of anchor rod holes (32) are arranged in a row in the strike of the ore body (10) with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows, and are arranged in a row in a direction crossing the strike with equal spacing between any two adjacent rows.
3. A mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein according to claim 2 characterized in that a bolt hole (32) is arranged empty in each row of said blast holes (31) arranged in a row in the course of said ore body (10).
4. A mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the distances between each anchor bolt hole (32) in the same row of blast holes (31) and its adjacent blast holes (31) are equal.
5. A mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the line of connection between the blastholes (31) in one of the two adjacent rows and the closest anchor holes (32) in the other row runs perpendicular to the direction of the ore body (10).
6. A mining method of a steeply dipping thin vein as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes (31) is 25cm-55cm, the distance between two adjacent rows of blast holes (31) is 25 cm-35 cm, and the difference between the depth of the blast holes (31) and the depth of the anchor rod hole (32) is 3cm-8 cm.
7. A method of mining tight dipping thin veins according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the step of burying the drugs is carried out after the mining step is completed.
8. A method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the shoring step comprises: and after the anchor rods (40) are installed, pulling an anchor net.
9. A method of mining tight dipping thin veins according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mining step comprises:
ventilating: after the blasting step is completed, an exhaust fan is used to exchange air between the stope roadway (20) and the outside environment.
10. A method of mining a steeply dipping thin vein according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
in the preparing step, the stope roadway (20) is plural in number and arranged at a preset interval in the height direction of the ore body (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010271737.2A CN111485881B (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Mining method of steeply inclined thin ore vein |
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| CN202010271737.2A CN111485881B (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Mining method of steeply inclined thin ore vein |
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| US20150308267A1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2015-10-29 | Hendrik Martinus Wentinck | Excavating deposits from an underground formation layer |
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| CN111485881B (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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