CN111477697A - 一种ibc太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种ibc太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111477697A
CN111477697A CN201911006554.1A CN201911006554A CN111477697A CN 111477697 A CN111477697 A CN 111477697A CN 201911006554 A CN201911006554 A CN 201911006554A CN 111477697 A CN111477697 A CN 111477697A
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刘大伟
屈小勇
宋志成
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Huanghe Hydropower Xining Solar Power Co ltd
Qinghai Huanghe Hydropower Development Co Ltd
Huanghe Hydropower Development Co Ltd
State Power Investment Corp Xian Solar Power Co Ltd
State Power Investment Corp Ltd Huanghe Hydropower Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于公开一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,与现有技术相比,栅线与硅基体的欧姆接触区域采用局部接触设计,有效降低了金属化区域的复合电流,提升电池转换效率;非接触电极采用镂空设计方案后,与相应的局部接触电极重叠部分较少,在高温烧结工程中两种浆料混合的比例较少,确保局部接触浆料与硅基体形成良好的欧姆接触特性;IBC电池的金属化栅线只需要一步高温烧结工艺,简化工艺流程,实现本发明的目的。

Description

一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属化栅线结构的制备方法,特别涉及一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法。
背景技术
IBC(Interdigitated Back Contact,指交叉背接触)电池,是指电池正面无电极,电池的正负电极金属栅线呈指状交叉排列于电池背面。IBC电池最大的特点是PN结和金属接触都位于电池的背面,正面没有金属电极遮挡,具有潜在的高效率优势。美国的Sunpower公司是全球首家规模化生产IBC电池的厂家,其量产的转换效率已超过23%。IBC电池由于其潜在的高效率是下一代晶硅太阳电池大规模产业化的方向。
传统IBC电池的金属化涉及光刻、电镀和蒸镀等工艺,复杂且成本较高,不利于规模化生产。目前,量产太阳能电池中最常用的金属化方法是丝网印刷金属浆料法,通过印刷银浆或掺铝银浆经过高温烧结,与P+掺杂或N+掺杂区域形成欧姆接触具备电学传导、焊接互联等功能。采用丝网印刷金属化方法在高温烧结过程中,金属浆料与硅表面接触的区域会形成严重的金属复合影响电池效率,且接触面积越大,复合越大。
为将丝网印刷方法应用IBC电池的生产同时进一步提高IBC电池的转换效率,IBC电池的背面电极可采用局部接触电极设计,降低金属浆料与硅的接触面积,其局部接触金属电极由烧穿型浆料制成。为了收集电流,需要印刷非接触金属电极将所有局部接触电极连接,其非接触金属电极由非烧穿型浆料制成。
现有的局部接触技术可以分为两种方法:其一,印刷局部接触金属电极浆料,经过高温烧结形成欧姆接触后再印刷非接触金属电极浆料将所有的局部接触点覆盖达到连接的目的,经过第二步高温处理后完成电池的金属化。此种方法需要两次不同的温度处理工艺,工艺复杂。其二,印刷局部接触金属电极浆料烘干后,直接印刷非接触金属电极浆料将所有的局部接触电极覆盖连接,最后经过一步高温烧结处理同时完成底层浆料的欧姆接触特性和顶层非接触电极的连接功能。此种方法只需要一步高温处理工艺,工艺相对简单。但是在接触电极区域位置由于有两种浆料在高温烧结过程中会产生混合,稀释了接触浆料,使欧姆接触无法达到最佳接触效果直接影响填充因子和电池效率。
因此,特别需要一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,以解决上述现有存在的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,针对现有技术的不足,有效降低金属化面积,降低金属化区域的复合提高电池效率,同时简化了工艺流程。
本发明所解决的技术问题可以采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、分别对N型晶体硅基体的前表面和背面表面进行掺杂处理,在N型基体的前表面形成n+前表面场,背表面形成相互交替排列的背表面场n+掺杂区域和发射结p+掺杂区域;前表面形成钝化减反射膜,背表面形成钝化膜;
S2、在衬底硅片的背面n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域印刷浆料,其中印刷浆料的图形采用局部接触,印刷后进行烘干处理;
S3、在步骤S2处理后,印刷浆料形成非接触电极,其中印刷浆料的图形采用镂空方案;
S4、对印刷局部接触浆料和非接触浆料的N型硅片进行高温烧结处理工艺,从而在n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域形成相应的电极。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S2中,局部接触电极包括但不限于圆形点、方形点、矩形点和非连续的线段。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S2中,局部接触电极印刷用的浆料为烧穿浆料,其在高温过程中与硅形成欧姆接触特性。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极的图形采用镂空方案,其镂空区域图形与局部接触电极的图形相对应,即包括但不限于圆形、方形、矩形和非连续的线段。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极的图形与局部接触电极的图形之间部分重叠。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极印刷用的浆料为非烧穿浆料,其在高温烧结过程中与底层的硅不形成欧姆接触特性。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述步骤S4中,采用高温烧结工艺,在高温烧结过程后,局部接触电极与非接触电极形成IBC扩散区域相应的栅线电极。
本发明的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,与现有技术相比,栅线与硅基体的欧姆接触区域采用局部接触设计,有效降低了金属化区域的复合电流,提升电池转换效率;非接触电极采用镂空设计方案后,与相应的局部接触电极重叠部分较少,在高温烧结工程中两种浆料混合的比例较少,确保局部接触浆料与硅基体形成良好的欧姆接触特性;IBC电池的金属化栅线只需要一步高温烧结工艺,简化工艺流程,实现本发明的目的。
本发明的特点可参阅本案图式及以下较好实施方式的详细说明而获得清楚地了解。
附图说明
图1为本发明的已完成介质膜沉积的IBC太阳能电池硅片的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的局部接触电极的结构示意图;
图3为本发明的非接触电极的结构示意图;
图4为本发明IBC电池完成金属化栅线的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体图示,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
如图1至图4所示,本发明的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、分别对N型晶体硅基体的前表面和背面表面进行掺杂处理,在N型基体的前表面形成n+前表面场,背表面形成相互交替排列的背表面场n+掺杂区域和发射结p+掺杂区域;前表面形成钝化减反射膜,背表面形成钝化膜;
S2、在衬底硅片的背面n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域印刷浆料,其中印刷浆料的图形采用局部接触,印刷后进行烘干处理;
S3、在步骤S2处理后,印刷浆料形成非接触电极,其中印刷浆料的图形采用镂空方案;
S4、对印刷局部接触浆料和非接触浆料的N型硅片进行高温烧结处理工艺,从而在n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域形成相应的电极。
在本实施例中,步骤S2中,局部接触电极包括但不限于圆形点、方形点、矩形点和非连续的线段;局部接触电极印刷用的浆料为烧穿浆料,其在高温过程中与硅形成欧姆接触特性。
在本实施例中,步骤S3中,非接触电极的图形采用镂空方案,其镂空区域图形与局部接触电极的图形相对应,即包括但不限于圆形、方形、矩形和非连续的线段;非接触电极的图形与局部接触电极的图形之间部分重叠;非接触电极印刷用的浆料为非烧穿浆料,其在高温烧结过程中与底层的硅不形成欧姆接触特性。
本发明的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,制备背面具备呈指状交叉扩散区域且已完成介质膜沉积的IBC电池结构的硅片如图1所示。
IBC太阳能电池背面印刷接触浆料,其浆料为烧穿浆料。局部接触电极采用圆点设计,如图2所示,其对应的n+和P+扩散区域具有规格排列的圆形点,其圆点的直径为20-50um。印刷用的浆料为烧穿浆料,烘干温度为200-350℃。
IBC太阳能电池背面印刷非接触浆料,其非接触电极设计采用非烧穿浆料,其栅线设计采用镂空的设计如图3所示,其镂空部分与局部接触栅线的圆点位置相对应,其宽度为40-150um。
对于印刷接触浆料和非接触浆料的硅片进行烧结处理,其烧结温度为750-950℃,烧结后的图形如图4所示,形成相应的的栅线电极。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

1.一种IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、分别对N型晶体硅基体的前表面和背面表面进行掺杂处理,在N型基体的前表面形成n+前表面场,背表面形成相互交替排列的背表面场n+掺杂区域和发射结p+掺杂区域;前表面形成钝化减反射膜,背表面形成钝化膜;
S2、在衬底硅片的背面n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域印刷浆料,其中印刷浆料的图形采用局部接触,印刷后进行烘干处理;
S3、在步骤S2处理后,印刷浆料形成非接触电极,其中印刷浆料的图形采用镂空方案;
S4、对印刷局部接触浆料和非接触浆料的N型硅片进行高温烧结处理工艺,从而在n+掺杂区域和P+掺杂区域形成相应的电极。
2.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,局部接触电极包括但不限于圆形点、方形点、矩形点和非连续的线段。
3.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,局部接触电极印刷用的浆料为烧穿浆料,其在高温过程中与硅形成欧姆接触特性。
4.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极的图形采用镂空方案,其镂空区域图形与局部接触电极的图形相对应,即包括但不限于圆形、方形、矩形和非连续的线段。
5.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极的图形与局部接触电极的图形之间部分重叠。
6.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,非接触电极印刷用的浆料为非烧穿浆料,其在高温烧结过程中与底层的硅不形成欧姆接触特性。
7.如权利要求1所述的IBC太阳能电池金属化栅线结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,采用高温烧结工艺,在高温烧结过程后,局部接触电极与非接触电极形成IBC扩散区域相应的栅线电极。
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