CN111454729B - 一种含二氟乙烯氧基的液晶化合物及组合物 - Google Patents

一种含二氟乙烯氧基的液晶化合物及组合物 Download PDF

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CN111454729B
CN111454729B CN201911300252.5A CN201911300252A CN111454729B CN 111454729 B CN111454729 B CN 111454729B CN 201911300252 A CN201911300252 A CN 201911300252A CN 111454729 B CN111454729 B CN 111454729B
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李建
杨晓哲
高嫒嫒
邓登
万丹阳
李娟利
胡明刚
杜渭松
车昭毅
莫玲超
杨诚
张璐
史凤娇
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Xi'an Caijing Opto Electrical Science & Technology Co ltd
Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含二氟乙烯氧基的液晶化合物,其特征在于结构如通式(1)所示:
Figure DDA0002320308970000011
其中R为碳数1~9的直链烷基或烷氧基、碳数2‑7的烯基;环A为反式‑环己烷、环己烯基、苯环,且苯环上氢原子可以被1个或多个氟原子所取代;n、m=0、1、2;X1、X2为氢原子或氟原子;以及包含通式(1)的液晶组合物,本发明的液晶组合物,具有液晶相区宽、平均介电常数较高、旋转粘度较低的特点,适合于TFT液晶显示,尤其是IPS和FFS等液晶显示模式。

Description

一种含二氟乙烯氧基的液晶化合物及组合物
技术领域
本发明属于液晶材料技术领域,具体涉及一种含氟液晶化合物及包含该液晶化合物的组合物,主要用于液晶显示器。
背景技术
液晶显示器具有平板化、功耗低、重量轻、无辐射等优点,在信息显示领域发展迅速。液晶显示器利用液晶材料的光学各向异性和介电各向异性的特性来实现显示功能。按照显示模式分类,有扭曲向列式(TN)、超扭曲向列式(STN)、动态散射模式(DSP)、薄膜晶体管驱动模式(TFT)等。TFT液晶显示可以实现全彩色、高分辨率、宽视角、快速响应等,已经得到广泛应用,是目前市场上最主要的显示技术。
液晶显示所用的液晶材料在使用环境温度范围内,一般是在-20℃~+70℃或更宽的温度范围内具有向列相;同时必须具用高度的化学稳定性,较低的粘度,以及适合用途的双折射率、介电各向异性、电阻率等液晶物理性质。用一种液晶化合物是无法满足全部的使用条件,必须将几种、甚至十几种以上液晶化合物进行复配形成混合液晶材料,方可满足显示器件的实际使用要求。
在TFT液晶显示技术中,根据液晶排列方法不同,又可以分为扭曲向列(TN)、面内开关(IPS)和边缘电场(FFS)、垂直取向VA等几种模式。TN模式使用介电各向异性Δε(Δε=ε-ε)为正值的液晶材料;VA模式使用介电各向异性Δε为负值的液晶材料;IPS和FFS模式既可以使用介电各向异性Δε为正值的液晶材料,也可以使用液晶各向异性Δε为负值的液晶材料。对于FFS模式,使用各向异性Δε为负值的液晶材料较Δε为正值的液晶材料,可以获得更高的透光率;但是由于负性液晶粘度较大,导致响应时间变慢,而且易于产生残像等不良现象。随着显示面板分辨率的不断提升,液晶器件整体透光率下降;因此迫切需要开发具有高平均介电常数的正性(Δε>0)液晶材料,来提升器件的透光率;同时,液晶显示器件响应速度的优化也是一项技术难题,需要开发具有低旋转粘度的液晶材料。
专利US20130207038A1提出了公开了具有高透光率特性的液晶组合物。该组合物是在介电各向异性为正值的液晶组合物中,添加一定量的介电各向异性为负值的液晶化合物,该组合物的介电各向异性Δε>0,且拥有较大的垂直于液晶指向矢的介电常数(ε)和较大的平均介电常数(εave)。其中公开的介电各向异性为负值的液晶化合物具有2,3-二氟-4-烷氧基苯单元,典型分子结构如下所示:
Figure BDA0002320308960000021
虽然这种基于2,3-二氟-4-乙氧基苯的液晶化合物具有较大的ε值,然而其ε值较小;而且旋转粘度值(γ1)相对较大,对响应速度带来不利影响。
发明内容
针对FFS模式液晶显示技术对高透光率液晶组合物需求,本发明的目的在于,提供一种有高平均介电各向异性和低旋转粘度的的新型液晶化合物及其组合物。
为了实现上述任务,本发明采取如下的技术解决方案:
一种液晶化合物,其结构特征如通式如(1)所示:
Figure BDA0002320308960000022
其中R为碳数1~9的直链烷基或烷氧基、碳数2-7的烯基;环A为反式-环己烷、环己烯基、苯环,且苯环上氢原子可以被1个或多个氟原子所取代;n、m=0、1、2;X1、X2为氢原子或氟原子。
本发明的液晶化合物,采用2,3-二氟-4-(2,2-二氟乙烯氧基)苯来构筑液晶分子骨架,其特点是介电各向异性Δε为正值。该结构不仅具有高的ε值、较高的ε和εave,而且具有较低的旋转粘度、较宽的液晶相区的优点。
本发明化合物的合成路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0002320308960000023
具体按照以下步骤制备:
(1)以含有2,3-二氟-4-甲氧基苯类的化合物,或2,3-二氟-4-乙氧基苯类的化合物为起始原料(该类化合物的制备方法见文献:Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2000,39,4216-4235),在脱甲基/乙基的试剂的作用下消除烷基(R1基团);所述的脱甲基/乙基的试剂例如三溴化硼,在低温或室温反应;或者采用质量浓度40%以上的氢溴酸/醋酸溶液,加热回流反应,得到酚类中间体。
(2)所得到的酚类中间体与三氟乙醇甲磺酸酯,或者三氟乙醇对甲苯磺酸酯,或者三氟乙醇三氟甲磺酸酯,在碱性条件下反应成醚;所述的碱可以是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾等。
(3)所得到的醚类中间体与碱作用消除一分子氟化氢,得到目标产物;所述的碱可以是LDA(二异丙基氨基锂)、叔丁醇钾等。
本发明还可以按照以下路线制备:
Figure BDA0002320308960000031
即将所得到酚中间体与三氟乙醇、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)或偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(DIAD)、三苯基膦通过Mitsunobu反应制备出2,2,2-三氟乙氧基苯中间体;再消除氟化氢得到目标产物。
本发明通式(1)液晶化合物,优选自以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000032
Figure BDA0002320308960000041
Figure BDA0002320308960000051
Figure BDA0002320308960000061
本发明的另一目的是提供一种液晶组合物,其特征该组合物是包含至少一种选自结构通式(1)所示的液晶化合物作为第一组分,其质量比例为1%~70%wt,优选3%-40%wt,更优选5%-30%wt。
本发明液晶组合物的第二特征在于,该组合物包含至少一种选自结构通式(2)所示的液晶化合物作为第二组分:
Figure BDA0002320308960000062
其中R1,R2为直链烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或含有烯键的烷基、F、Cl,环B、环C、环D为苯环或环己烷、四氢吡喃、二噁烷等,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代,n=0,1。本发明组合物的第二组分是一类Δε较小或接近0的液晶化合物,其质量比例为5-80%,优选15%-75%,更优选30%~70%wt。
其中通式(2)优选的具体结构如下:
Figure BDA0002320308960000063
Figure BDA0002320308960000064
其中(2)-1更优选以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000071
其中(2)-2更优选以下具体化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000072
其中(2)-3更优选以下具体化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000073
Figure BDA0002320308960000074
其中(2)-4更优选以下具体化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000075
其中(2)-5更优选以下具体化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000081
其中(2)-6更优选以下具体化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000082
本发明液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含至少一种选自结构通式(3)所示的液晶化合物作为第三组分:
Figure BDA0002320308960000083
其中R为直链烷基、烯基、或含有烯键的烷基,环B、环C、环D为苯环、环己烷、四氢吡喃环、二噁烷环,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代;X1,X2=H,F;Y=F,Cl,OCF3,OCF2H,CF3等;Z=CF2O,CH2CH2,COO,单键等;n=0,1。本发明第三组分的特点是一类具有较大的Δε值的液晶化合物,其质量比例为1-50%,优选5%~45%wt,更优选10%-40%。
其中通式(3)优选以下具体结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000091
其中(3)-1优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000101
Figure BDA0002320308960000111
其中(3)-2优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000112
Figure BDA0002320308960000121
其中(3)-3优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000122
其中(3)-4优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000123
其中(3)-5优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000124
Figure BDA0002320308960000131
其中(3)-6优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000132
其中(3)-7优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000133
其中(3)-8优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000134
其中(3)-9优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000141
其中(3)-10优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000142
其中(3)-11优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000143
其中(3)-12优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000144
其中(3)-13优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000151
其中(3)-14优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000152
本发明液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物还可以包含一种或多种选自结构通式(4)所示的液晶化合物作为第四组分:
Figure BDA0002320308960000153
其中R1、R2为碳数1~7的直链烷基或烷氧基、碳数2~7的直链烯基或烯氧基,环B、环C为苯环、环己烷、四氢吡喃环,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代;X1,X2=F或Cl;Z=单键,CH2CH2,CH2O;n=0,1。本发明第四组分是一类Δε为负值的液晶材料,其质量比例为0-30%,优选2%~20%wt,更优选3%-15%。
其中通式(4)优选以下具体结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000154
其中(4)-1优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000155
其中(4)-2优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000161
其中(4)-3优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000162
其中(4)-4优选化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000163
其中(4)-5优选以下化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000164
本发明液晶组合物还可包含一种或多种手性添加剂,含量为0.01%-1%;优选0.1%-0.5%。所述手性添加剂优选自以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000171
本发明液晶组合物还包含一种多种受阻酚作为抗氧化稳定剂,含量1ppm-10000ppm;优选10ppm-1000ppm。所述抗氧化稳定剂优选自以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000172
本发明液晶组合物还包含一种或多种紫外光稳定剂,含量1ppm-10000ppm;优选10ppm-1000ppm。所述紫外光稳定剂优选自以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000173
本发明还可包含一种或多种具有可聚合基团的液晶组分,含量1ppm-10000ppm;优选100ppm-1000ppm。所述可聚合液晶组分优选自以下结构:
Figure BDA0002320308960000174
上述的液晶组合物,具有较大的平均介电常数、较低的旋转粘度和较快的响应速度,适合于TFT液晶显示技术,尤其是FFS和IPS模式。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
液晶配方制备方法:采用热溶解方法。首先用精密天平称取不同重量比例的单体液晶,加热至60℃~100℃,搅拌混合1~2小时使各组分溶解均匀。冷却后进行过滤,过滤所得液体在高真空(≤100Pa)脱气处理,最后用高纯氮气封装,得到目标混合液晶。
如无特殊说明,本发明涉及的液晶组合物均按照此方法制备。
混合好的液晶进行物理性能及光电性能测试。本发明涉及到的物理性能及光电性能详细测试方法如下:
(1)清亮点(Tni):
偏光热台法:将液晶样品涂在载玻片上并置于正交偏光显微热台中,设置升温速率为2℃/min。在偏光显微镜中观察液晶样品由亮态开始变黑的温度,即为清亮点。
或者采用示差扫描量热法:氮气气氛下,设置升温速率为2℃/min。
(2)低温存储温度(LTS):将1mL左右的混合液晶装入透明的玻璃瓶中,置于低温冰箱中。温度设置-20℃、-30℃、-40℃,分别存储10天,观察有无晶体析出或近晶相。如果-30℃无晶体析出,LTS≤-30℃。
(3)双折射率(Δn):采用阿贝折光仪,25℃恒温条件下,分别测量寻常光(no)和非寻常光(ne)的折射率,双折射率Δn=ne-no
(4)介电常数(Δε):25℃恒温条件下,采用LCR表测试。Δε=ε,即分子长轴方向介电常数(ε)与分子短轴方向介电常数(ε)的差值。
(5)弹性常数(K11,K33):25℃恒温条件下,通过测试液晶电容-电压(C-V)曲线,拟合得到K11和K33
(6)旋转粘度(γ1):25℃恒温条件下,通过对液晶测试盒施加电压,测试液晶分子随电场运动偏转的瞬态电流值Ip,计算得到旋转粘度γ1
单体液晶的性能测试,是将其溶解到下述基础配方(Host)中进行测试。单体的性能参数,如清亮点、Δε、Δn、γ1通过外推计算得到。基础配方(Host)由以下三种液晶化合物按照质量比1:1:1配制而成。
Figure BDA0002320308960000181
代号和说明:
(1)物理参数
Figure BDA0002320308960000182
Figure BDA0002320308960000191
(2)结构缩写
Figure BDA0002320308960000192
例如:
Figure BDA0002320308960000193
Figure BDA0002320308960000201
液晶相变温度:C代表熔点,S代表近晶相,N代表向列相,Iso代表液态。
试剂缩写简称:
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
CF3CH2OMs 三氟乙醇甲磺酸酯
DEAD 偶氮二甲酸二乙酯
LDA 二异丙基氨基锂
实施例1:4-(2,3-二氟-4-(2,2-二氟乙烯氧基)苯基)-反式-4′-丙基双环己烷的合成
Figure BDA0002320308960000202
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-苯酚的合成
在500mL三口烧瓶中,加入2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-4-乙氧基苯(36.5g,0.1mol)、200mL二氯甲烷,降温至-10℃,滴加BBr3的二氯甲烷溶液(2mol/L,30ml),滴完后自然升温至室温,反应3h后,缓慢滴加水淬灭反应。静置分液,有机相水洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后旋干得淡黄色固体。用正庚烷重结晶,得到31.7g白色晶体。GC含量99.9%,收率94%。
(2)2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯的合成
在250mL三口烧瓶中,加入2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-苯酚(18.2g,0.05mol)、无水碳酸钾(13.8g,0.1mol)、CF3CH2OSO2CH3(13.3g,0.075mol)、DMF(150mL),搅拌下加热至130℃反应8h。降至室温,加入水100ml、甲苯50ml×2萃取。有机相水洗二次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后滤液旋干,得淡黄色油状液体。粗品用正庚烷溶解,过硅胶柱,正庚烷淋洗,旋干得无色油状液体。加入乙醇重结晶,得到17.2g白色晶体产品。GC含量99.9%,收率82%。
(3)2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-4-(2,2–二氟乙烯氧基)苯的合成
氮气保护下,在250mL三口烧瓶中,加入2,3-二氟-1-(4-丙基双环己基)-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯(8.4g,0.02mol),无水四氢呋喃100ml,降温至-78℃,滴加浓度为1mol/L的LDA溶液反应40ml。反应3h,加入水100ml、甲苯50ml×2萃取。有机相水洗二次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后滤液旋干,得淡黄色油状液体。粗品用正庚烷溶解,过硅胶柱,正庚烷淋洗,旋干得无色油状液体。加入乙醇重结晶,得到4.9g白色晶体产品。GC含量99.9%,收率61%。
结构鉴定数据如下:
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):6.902~6.865(m,1H),6.784~6.748(m,1H),6.095~6.058(m,1H),2.773~2.718(m,1H),1.875~1.826(m,4H),1.775~1.713(m,4H),1.458~1.253(m,4H),1.213~1.135(m,6H),1.097~0.956(m,3H),0.889~0.825(m,5H);
MS(70eV)m/z(%):398.2(M+,100),218(46.48),205(44.08),399.2(26.27),69.1(24.9),83.1(17.89),55.1(10.13)。
DSC测试相变温度为:C 78.35N 133.22Iso。
物理性能测试数据如下:
将该化合物以10%的质量比溶解到基础配方中进行物理性能测试,外推得到性能参数为:
Tni=121℃;n=0.0922;ε1,ε=10.3,εave=8.859,2.162;1.177mPa·s。
实施例2:4′-丙基环己基-2,3-二氟-4-(2,2-二氟乙烯氧基)联苯的合成
Figure BDA0002320308960000221
采用4′-丙基环己基-2,3-二氟-4-乙氧基联苯为起始原料,与实施例1相同的方法,得到4′-丙基环己基-2,3-二氟-4-(2,2-二氟乙烯氧基)联苯。
结构鉴定数据如下:
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.427~7.408(m,2H),7.296~7.279(m,2H),7.144~7.106(m,1H),6.908~6.872(m,1H),6.160~6.124(m,1H),2.542~2.481(m,1H),1.937~1.867(m,4H),1.523~1.442(m,2H),1.395~1.275(m,3H),1.246~1.202(m,2H),1.106~1.027(m,2H),0.924~0.895(t,3H,J=7.5Hz);
MS(70eV)m/z(%):392.3(M+,100),294.1(48.18),228.1(32.05),393.3(28.01),281.1(27.65),307.1(22.45),308.1(11.17)。
物理性能测试数据如下:
DSC测试熔点为:C 74.06SA 98.09N 120.94Iso。
将该化合物以10%的质量比溶解到基础配方中进行物理性能测试,外推得到性能参数为:Tni=103.9℃;n=0.1492;ε~~,ε=13.576,εave=10.17,2.142;1.176mPa·s。
实施例3(组合物)
Figure BDA0002320308960000222
Figure BDA0002320308960000231
实施例4(组合物)
Figure BDA0002320308960000232
实施例5(组合物)
Figure BDA0002320308960000233
Figure BDA0002320308960000241
实施例6(组合物)
Figure BDA0002320308960000242
对比例1:
如下式所示的含2,3-二氟-4-乙氧基苯的液晶化合物:
Figure BDA0002320308960000243
将其按照10%的质量比添加到基础配方HOST中,进行物理性能测试,外推得到性能参数为:Tni=176.0℃;n=0.1683;ε9.991,ε=6.887,εave=8.956,.-2.935;1.255.9mPa·s。
本发明实施例2与对比例1相比,具有显著增大的ε,为正值,极性发生反转,εave增大;而且1大幅度的降低。
对比例2:
Figure BDA0002320308960000244
Figure BDA0002320308960000251
对比例2将本发明实施例3中的单体液晶3CYOVF2替换成已知结构3CYO2,其他组分及其对应质量比例均无变化。与对比例2相比,本发明实施例3具有相接近的ε值,和更低的γ1,以及较大的Δε,有利于同时提升显示器件响应速度。

Claims (7)

1.一种含二氟乙烯氧基的液晶化合物,其特征在于,结构如通式(1)所示:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(1)
其中R为碳数1~9的直链烷基或烷氧基、碳数2-7的烯基;环A为反式-环己烷、环己烯基、苯环;n、m=0、1、2;X1、X2为氢原子或氟原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶化合物,其特征在于,n=1,m=1。
3.一种向列相液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含结构通式如(1)所示的液晶化合物作为第一组分,其含量为1~70wt%:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(1)
其中R、环A、n、m、X1、X2的定义与权利要求1相同。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含5~80wt%的结构通式如(2)所示的液晶化合物作为第二组分:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
(2)
其中R1,R2为直链烷基、烷氧基、烯基、F、Cl,环B、环C、环D为苯环或环己烷、环己烯,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代,n=0,1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含1~50wt%的结构通式如(3)所示的液晶化合物作为第三组分:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
(3)
其中R为直链烷基、烷氧基、烯基,环B、环C、环D为苯环或环己烷,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代;X1,X2 =H,F;Y=F,Cl,OCF3,OCF2H,CF3;Z=CF2O,CH2CH2,COO,单键; n=0,1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含0-30wt%的结构通式(4)所示的液晶化合物作为第四组分:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(4)
其中R1、R2为碳数1~7的直链烷基或烷氧基、碳数2~7的直链烯基或烯氧基,环B、环C为苯环、环己烷、环己烯,其中苯环可以被1个或多个氟原子取代;X1,X2 = F或Cl;Z= 单键,CH2CH2,CH2O;n=0,1。
7.一种液晶显示元件,其特征在于,其中包含权利要求3-6任一项所述的液晶组合物。
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