CN111440332A - 一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法。该方法包括:将碳源与去离子水混合,水热反应,将得到的碳点与甘油加入到海藻酸钠与明胶水溶液中,搅拌,然后注入模具,干燥,使用氯化钙溶液进行喷洒,然后揭膜。该方法具有操作简单、重复性好,反应条件温和易控等特点;制备得到的荧光水凝胶复合材料具有良好光学性能和力学性能,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水凝胶复合材料制备领域,特别涉及一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
作为一种具有三维网状结构的聚合物,水凝胶因具有优异的生物相容性和生物降解性而得到广泛关注。目前,水凝胶已被应用于组织工程、药物输送以及新型抗菌材料等领域。与此同时,由于碳点/水凝胶复合材料在生物成像和荧光示踪等领域的特殊应用而得到越来越多的关注。此新型复合材料既解决了碳点分散性差的问题同时能够使得复合后的水凝胶保留碳点优良的荧光特性。
水凝胶虽然具有诸如良好的生物相容性、优异的生物降解性和低毒性等优点,但是其本身较差的机械性能却大大限制其在实际中的应用范围。为了解决上述问题,科学家尝试将其他材料与水凝胶相结合,以此改进水凝胶本身力学性能差的缺点。而一些表面富有如羧基和羟基等活性基团的纳米粒子引起了科学家的注意,因为这些纳米材料可以与聚合物链段上的亲水基团生成氢键,在使得交联点密度增加的同时增加水凝胶产物内部三维网状结构的均一性,促进内应力释放从而大大提升水凝胶机械性能。此类复合水凝胶相较于传统水凝胶力学性能够提升20倍以上,这证明利用纳米材料作为交联剂具有很广得应用潜力。如Meng Hu在《Macromolecular Materials and Engineering》,Vol 300,2015,1043–1048中研究碳纳米材料对水凝胶复合材料机械性能的影响,发现随着碳纳米材料的加入能够大大提高水凝胶的应力应变性能,并且水凝胶保持了原有碳纳米点的荧光性能。该课题组直接将碳点加入水凝胶溶液中,通过氢键将碳点接枝到水凝胶上,所得样品机械性能得到改观,但是性能不够稳定。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法,以克服现有技术中水凝胶力学性能差等缺陷。
本发明提供一种荧光水凝胶复合材料,由壳聚糖水热反应得到碳点,然后与甘油加入到到海藻酸钠与明胶的混合溶液中搅拌,再注入模具并干燥,氯化钙溶液喷洒后揭膜得到。
本发明还提供一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将碳源与去离子水混合,将得到的混合溶液水热反应,离心、过滤,冻干,得到碳点CDs,其中碳源为壳聚糖,混合溶液中壳聚糖的浓度为0.01~0.03g/ml;
(2)将海藻酸钠与明胶溶于去离子水中,将得到的混合溶液搅拌,加入步骤(1)中碳点与甘油,继续搅拌,然后注入模具,干燥,使用氯化钙溶液进行喷洒,然后揭膜,得到荧光水凝胶复合材料,其中,混合溶液中海藻酸钠浓度为0.03~0.05g/ml,明胶浓度为0.009~0.012g/ml,碳点与甘油加入后碳点的质量分数为0~2.5wt.%,且不为0,甘油的浓度为0.02~0.04g/ml。
所述步骤(1)中水热反应温度为180℃~220℃,水热反应时间为5h~7h。
所述步骤(1)中离心为:在12000-13000rpm下离心分离8~12min后分离得到上清液,如此循环3次,得到纯清的上清液。
所述步骤(1)中过滤是采用0.22μm微孔滤膜对上清液中的大颗粒物质进一步分离。
所述步骤(1)中冻干为:使用冷冻干燥机干燥20~26h。
所述步骤(2)中搅拌温度为50~55℃,搅拌时间为3~4h。
所述步骤(2)中继续搅拌温度为60~70℃,继续搅拌时间为3~4h。
所述步骤(2)中干燥温度为50~70℃,干燥时间为20~24h。
所述步骤(2)中氯化钙溶液浓度为4.0~6.0wt.%。
有益效果
(1)本发明具有操作简单、重复性好,反应条件温和易控等特点。
(2)本发明通过简单的调控即可制备出具有良好光学性能和力学性能的荧光水凝胶复合材料,具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备流程图;
图2是实施例1中碳点水溶液在不同激发波长下的荧光谱图;
图3是实施例1所得的荧光水凝胶复合材料在不同激发光波长下的荧光谱图;
图4是实施例2所得的不同碳点含量下荧光水凝胶复合材料的应力-应变曲线;
图5是实施例3所得的不同碳点含量下荧光水凝胶复合材料的杨氏弹性模量曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例所用海藻酸钠、明胶、甘油和壳聚糖等均来源于国药集团。
实施例1
(1)将1.0g壳聚糖溶于50ml去离子水中,后将混合液移至聚四氟乙烯高温高压反应釜中,将反应釜置于200℃恒温干燥箱中反应6h,将所得产物在12000rpm下离心分离10min后分离得到上清液,如此循环3次,得到纯清的上清液,后使用0.22μm微孔滤膜对上清液中的大颗粒物质进一步分离,冻干指的是使用冷冻干燥机干燥24h,得到荧光性能良好的碳点颗粒,将碳点颗粒溶于水得到浓度为1.0mg/mL的碳点水溶液,在不同激发波长下的荧光谱图如图2所示.可知,在不同波长激发光的激发下,碳纳米点的发射光波长出现明显的红移现象。
(2)将2.0g海藻酸钠与0.5g明胶溶于50ml去离子水中,在50℃下搅拌4h,后加入一定量碳点颗粒,碳点与混合溶液中溶质质量比值为1.0wt.%,与3.0ml甘油并在60℃下搅拌4h,将所得混合溶液注入模具后置于恒温干燥箱中,60℃下干燥24h,使用5.0wt.%氯化钙溶液进行喷洒,当喷洒的氯化钙溶液没过水凝胶薄膜即可,即得到荧光性能良好的荧光水凝胶复合材料。荧光水凝胶复合材料在不同激发光波长下的荧光谱图如图3所示。可知,在不同波长激发光的激发下,碳纳米点的发射光波长出现明显的红移现象。
实施例2
将碳点含量分别改为与混合溶液中溶质质量比值为0、0.5wt.%、1wt.%、1.5wt.%、2wt.%、2.5wt.%,其余均与实施例1相同,得到荧光性能良好的荧光水凝胶复合材料,并测定每组样品的应力-应变曲线,如图4所示,发现当碳点含量从0wt.%增加到1.0wt.%时,薄膜的力学性能显著提升,在含量为1.0wt.%时薄膜的力学性能达到最佳,此时应力提升200%达到10.3Mpa,应变强度提升36%,当从1.0wt.%增加到2.5wt.%时,两种薄膜的力学性能反而下降。
实施例3
将碳点含量分别改为与混合溶液中溶质质量比为0、0.5wt.%、1wt.%、1.5wt.%、2wt.%、2.5wt.%,其余均与实施例1相同,得到荧光性能良好的荧光水凝胶复合材料(记为SA-CS)。
不加入明胶,其余与SA-CS制备方法相同,得到海藻酸钠薄膜(SA)。
测定每组样品的杨氏弹性模量曲线,如图5所示,发现当碳点含量从0wt.%增加到1.0wt.%时薄膜的杨氏弹性模量增加,并且在1.0wt.%时达到最大值,当碳点含量从1.0wt.%增加到2.5wt.%时薄膜的杨氏弹性模量减小。海藻酸钠-明胶复合薄膜(SA-CS)的杨氏弹性模量提升150%达到4.7Mpa,而海藻酸钠薄膜(SA)的杨氏弹性模量提升31.5%达到4.3Mpa。
由此可知,不加入碳点的薄膜的机械性能相对于引入碳点的荧光水凝胶复合材料大大降低。
对比例1
(1)首先,将l.0g海藻酸钠加入到100mL去离子水中并在室温下搅拌溶解。随后,将20mL上述混合物和15mL乙二胺倒入聚四氟乙烯不锈钢高压反应釜中,并在200℃下加热3h。最后,反应釜自动冷却至室温。将所得溶液在离心机中以10000rmp离心15min,收集上清液进一步使用超滤膜(200nm)过滤三以去除杂志和将大颗粒。后冷冻干燥得到所需碳点。
(2)将碳点溶液配制成1.9mg/mL,后取所配置碳点溶液4ml,丙烯酸0.3mL,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.3mL混合,并在9W的365nm紫外灯下照射20s制备所需水凝胶。
所制备荧光水凝胶薄膜在不同激发波长下发射光波下出现红移现象,并且碳点含量由0.6wt%增加到1.4wt%时,水凝胶的拉伸应力从5.6Mp增加到6.5Mp。因此,碳点含量为1.0wt%时水凝胶机械性最佳。
Claims (7)
1.一种荧光水凝胶复合材料,其特征在于,由壳聚糖水热反应得到碳点,然后与甘油加入到到海藻酸钠与明胶的混合溶液中搅拌,再注入模具并干燥,氯化钙溶液喷洒后揭膜得到。
2.一种荧光水凝胶复合材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将碳源与去离子水混合,将得到的混合溶液水热反应,离心、过滤,冻干,得到碳点CDs,其中碳源为壳聚糖,混合溶液中壳聚糖的浓度为0.01~0.03g/ml;
(2)将海藻酸钠与明胶溶于去离子水中,将得到的混合溶液搅拌,加入步骤(1)中碳点与甘油,继续搅拌,然后注入模具,干燥,使用氯化钙溶液进行喷洒,然后揭膜,得到荧光水凝胶复合材料,其中,混合溶液中海藻酸钠浓度为0.03~0.05g/ml,明胶浓度为0.009~0.012g/ml,碳点与甘油加入后碳点的质量分数为0~2.5wt.%,且不为0,甘油的浓度为0.02~0.08g/ml。
3.根据权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中水热反应温度为180℃~220℃,水热反应时间为5h~7h。
4.根据权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中离心为:在12000-13000rpm下离心分离8~12min后分离得到上清液,如此循环3次,得到纯清的上清液。
5.根据权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中过滤是采用0.22μm微孔滤膜;冻干为:使用冷冻干燥机干燥20~26h。
6.根据权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中搅拌温度为50~55℃,搅拌时间为3h~4h;继续搅拌温度为60~70℃,继续搅拌时间为3h~4h。
7.根据权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中干燥温度为50~70℃,干燥时间为20~24h。
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