CN111437882A - 一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明属于无机材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将金属盐A、金属盐B和氧化石墨烯加入到溶剂C中,搅拌,加入硅基杂多酸,继续搅拌均匀得混合液;(2)将碱溶解在上述混合液中,并进行溶剂热反应;(3)将溶剂热反应制得的产物抽滤,并用乙醇和水分别洗涤干燥成膜。本发明所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法简单,组成和结构均可控,膜层厚度可控,具有磁性,便于回收和使用,解决了复合膜材料制备工艺复杂的问题;工艺流程简便,环境友好,适于大规模工业化生产,应用前景广泛;所制备的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料芬顿性能优异,可回收,结构稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法。
背景技术
有机硅化合物是指具有硅-碳键的化合物,这一类化合物兼具有机和无机的结构特性,在性能上具有许多的独到之处,例如耐高温、耐低温、耐候、电气绝缘、憎水等许多优良的特性,在纺织、汽车、航空、机械、电子等多个领域得到广泛应用。中国有机硅产品的产能不断增加,技术不断改进,这得益于国民经济和中国制造业的快速发展,中国已成为全球增长最快的有机硅市场。但是随之而来的就是有机硅行业所产生的废水已经对人类的环境造成较为严重的威胁,对其进行处理迫在眉睫。特别是在硅氧烷生产过程中产生的含氯苯类的有机废水的处理,因其处理难度大,已经成为目前有机硅行业急需解决的难题。
目前对有机硅行业中产生的氯苯类有机废水的处理方法主要有物理吸附法、化学氧化法、微电解处理和生化处理技术。其中物理吸附法的处理并不完全,而且吸附剂容易造成固废的危害。微电解处理法需要耗费大量的电能,造成较大的能源消耗。生化处理技术中对有机废水的要求很高,适合处理低浓度的有机废水,对废水的要求高。化学氧化技术可以在常温常压条件下对有机氯苯类废水进行处理。其中芬顿氧化技术机有极强的氧化能力,是目前处理有机硅废水最主要的化学氧化法。例如发明专利(201811511353.2)公布了一种有机硅废水的的生化处理方法,包括预处理,铁碳微电解+类芬顿FENTON高级催化氧化;发明专利(201820079061.5)公布了开一种有机硅废水处理系统,包括沉淀池、调节池、混凝池、二沉池、UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器、SBR反应池、fenton反应器、多介质过滤器、RO反渗透装置和污泥浓缩池。芬顿氧化技术中最为重要的就是芬顿催化剂的开发,但催化剂存在不宜回收的缺点。为此人们对其进行磁性改性,以便于回收利用。例如发明专利(201811360304.3)公布了一种钡铁氧体可磁性回收的类光芬顿催化剂;发明专利(201610843498.7)公布了一种四氧化三铁基磁性类芬顿催化剂;发明专利(201910438840.9)公布了一种铁酸铜基磁性类芬顿催化剂等。但是纳米颗粒在溶液中的分散并不容易收集,将其制备成块体材料又会降低其催化活性。因此,将磁性芬顿催化材料制备成膜材料,可以加大与废水的接触面积,提高催化性能,而且便于回收利用。但是目前还没有关于有机硅废水处理用磁性膜的开发。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,工艺简单,环境友好,制得的磁性复合膜材料芬顿催化性能优异。
本发明所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将金属盐A、金属盐B和氧化石墨烯加入到溶剂C中,常温搅拌,然后加入硅基杂多酸,继续搅拌均匀得混合液;
(2)将碱溶解在上述所制得混合液中,并进行溶剂热反应;
(3)将溶剂热反应制得的产物抽滤,并用乙醇和水分别洗涤,并干燥成膜制得成品。
金属盐A为硝酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁中的一种或多种复配,优选硝酸铁。
金属盐B为钴的硝酸盐、氯化盐、硫酸盐中的一种,或者金属盐B为镍的硝酸盐、氯化盐或硫酸盐中的一种。金属盐B优选钴或镍的硝酸盐。
金属盐A和金属盐B的摩尔比为1:(0.8-1.2),优选摩尔比为1:(0.9-1.1)。
溶剂C为甲酰胺或N,N二甲基甲酰胺,优选甲酰胺。
硅基杂多酸为硅钨杂多酸、硅钼杂多酸的一种或多种复配,优选硅钨杂多酸。
碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,优选氢氧化钠。
所述制备方法中,各组分用量如下:
优选组分含量如下:溶剂C100份,金属盐A和金属盐B 2-4份,氧化石墨烯0.02-0.08份,硅基杂多酸0.2-0.4份,碱为0.2-0.8份。
步骤(1)中金属盐A、金属盐B和氧化石墨烯在溶剂C中搅拌时间为30-90min,优选45-80min,加入硅基杂多酸后继续搅拌30-60min。
溶剂热反应的工艺条件为:温度为60-130℃,优选70-120℃,时间为30-120min,优选40-100min;膜的干燥温度为80-120℃,优选90-110℃,干燥时间为10-20h,优选12-18h。
本发明利用溶解在酰胺溶剂中的金属离子与氧化石墨烯之间的静电吸引作用,首先将金属离子吸附在氧化石墨烯纳米片的表面。在加入硅基杂多酸之后,氧化石墨烯表面的金属离子与硅基杂多酸可形成稳定的配位结构,有利于硅基杂多酸与磁性颗粒的接触。为了提供碱性环境,将一定的碱加入溶液中。在溶剂热反应过程中铁离子与钴离子或镍离子结合形成铁酸钴或铁酸镍磁性纳米颗粒。由于硅基杂多酸与磁性金属离子的配位作用,形成硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性纳米颗粒。硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性颗粒又可均匀的分散在氧化石墨烯纳米片的表面。在抽滤过程中,氧化石墨烯可以形成滤饼。在后续的干燥过程中,氧化石墨烯负载的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性纳米颗粒滤饼可进一步干燥形成膜。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法简单,组成和结构均可控,膜层厚度可控,具有磁性,便于回收和使用,解决了复合膜材料制备工艺复杂的问题;
(2)本发明工艺流程简便,环境友好,适于大规模工业化生产,应用前景广泛;
(3)本发明所制备的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料芬顿性能优异,可回收,结构稳定性高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例1中制得的膜材料氯苯分子降解图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和说明书附图对发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
将0.3克硝酸铁、0.3克硝酸钴和0.01克氧化石墨烯加入到20毫升(22.68g)甲酰胺中,搅拌60分钟。而后加入0.05克硅钨杂多酸,继续搅拌60分钟。而后加入0.1份氢氧化钠后在溶剂90℃溶剂热反应80分钟。产物抽滤后,用乙醇和水洗涤。将滤膜在100℃干燥15小时,得磁性膜复合材料。
由图1的扫描电镜图可知,其形貌为膜状,由氧化石墨烯和无机纳米颗粒组成,无机纳米颗粒为硅钨杂多酸掺杂的铁酸钴磁性颗粒。由图可知,纳米颗粒分散在氧化石墨烯纳米片形成的膜层中。
将0.05g硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料加入到100mL氯苯溶液中(浓度为5mg/L),黑暗中搅拌60min后,加入0.5mL双氧水(浓度为30wt%)进行降解实验。降解完成后可由磁铁回收膜。由图2降解图可知,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例2
如实施例1所述,所不同的是加入0.3克硝酸镍,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例3
如实施例1所述,所不同的是加入0.5克硝酸铁和0.5克硝酸钴,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例4
如实施例1所述,所不同的是0.1克硝酸铁和0.1克硝酸钴,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例5
如实施例1所述,所不同的是0.002g氧化石墨烯,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例6
如实施例1所述,所不同的是0.02克氧化石墨烯,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例7
如实施例1所述,所不同的是加入0.02克硅钨杂多酸,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例8
如实施例1所述,所不同的是0.1克硅钼杂多酸,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例9
如实施例1所述,所不同的是加入0.02克氢氧化钾,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例10
如实施例1所述,所不同的是溶剂130℃溶剂热反应30分钟,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
实施例11
如实施例1所述,所不同的是溶剂60℃溶剂热反应120分钟,硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜在20分钟内可完全氯苯。
Claims (10)
1.一种硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将金属盐A、金属盐B和氧化石墨烯加入到溶剂C中,常温搅拌,然后加入硅基杂多酸,继续搅拌均匀得混合液;
(2)将碱溶解在上述所制得混合液中,并进行溶剂热反应;
(3)将溶剂热反应制得的产物抽滤,并用乙醇、水依次洗涤,并干燥成膜制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:金属盐A为硝酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁中的一种或多种复配。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:金属盐B为钴的硝酸盐、氯化盐、硫酸盐中的一种,或者金属盐B为镍的硝酸盐、氯化盐或硫酸盐中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:金属盐A和金属盐B的摩尔比为1:(0.8-1.2)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:溶剂C为甲酰胺或N,N二甲基甲酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:硅基杂多酸为硅钨杂多酸、硅钼杂多酸的一种或多种复配。
7.根据权利要求1所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
9.根据权利要求1任一所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中金属盐A、金属盐B和氧化石墨烯在溶剂C中搅拌时间为30-90min,加入硅基杂多酸后继续搅拌30-60min。
10.根据权利要求1-3、5-9任一所述的硅基杂多酸掺杂的磁性复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:溶剂热反应的工艺条件为:温度为60-130℃,时间为30-120min;膜的干燥温度为80-120℃,干燥时间为10-20h。
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CN112657495A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 同济大学 | 一种纳米四氧化三铁/石墨烯复合芬顿催化膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN112657495A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 同济大学 | 一种纳米四氧化三铁/石墨烯复合芬顿催化膜及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112657495B (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-12-21 | 同济大学 | 一种纳米四氧化三铁/石墨烯复合芬顿催化膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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