CN111423562A - 含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和环氧树脂组合物与固化物及其应用 - Google Patents
含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和环氧树脂组合物与固化物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于环氧树脂固化领域,涉及一种含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和环氧树脂组合物与固化物及其应用。所述含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂具有式(1)所示结构式,R1和R2为氢、C1~C5烷烃基、C2~C4烯烃基或苯基。本发明通过5‑氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷的取代反应,一步法合成含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂,其分子结构呈对称性并且其中含有硅原子以及多个仲胺和叔胺,这种特定结构不仅具有很好的反应活性,可用于固化环氧树脂,而且还能够通过改变硅原子所连接的基团,由其固化所得环氧树脂固化物具有优异的热稳定性,可广泛应用于电子电器、耐高温结构涂层和耐热复合材料树脂基体等领域,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环氧树脂固化领域,具体涉及一种含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和环氧树脂组合物与固化物及其应用。
背景技术
环氧树脂泛指一类结构中含有2个或2个以上环氧基团的高分子聚合物,可以与胺类、酸酐类等固化剂发生交联反应而形成三维网状结构。环氧树脂固化物具有优良的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性、粘结性及电绝缘性等特点,被广泛应用于建筑、机械、电子电气和航空航天等领域。随着电子电器、航空航天等领域的快速发展,对环氧树脂固化物的热稳定性能提出了更高的要求,因此如何提高环氧树脂的热稳定性能是科研工作者研究的热点之一。
一般而言,环氧树脂固化物的热稳定性能主要取决于环氧树脂的本身结构、固化剂的结构、固化工艺和填料的性质等。其中,固化剂是环氧树脂应用不可或缺的重要组成部分,通过对固化剂的结构调控进而提高环氧树脂的耐热性能是一个方便且有效的方法。例如,Meenakshi等采用(3-氨基苯基)苯基氧化膦(BAPPO)与POSS-NH2作为混合固化剂与TGDDM固化,所得固化物的分解温度能够达到290℃(Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2016,9(1):79-85.)。Bhuvan等利用酰亚胺和DDM混合物作为环氧树脂固化剂,所得固化物的Tg由134℃提高到156℃(Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2010,108(3):2001-2009.)。研究表明,固化剂的结构对环氧树脂的性能具有较大的影响,通过调控固化剂的结构,可以提高环氧树脂的耐热性能。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种能够提高环氧树脂热稳定性的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和环氧树脂组合物与固化物及其应用。
具体地,本发明的目的之一是提供一种含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂,其中,所述含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂具有式(1)所示的结构式:
式(1)中,R1和R2各自独立地为氢、C1~C5烷烃基、C2~C4烯烃基或苯基。
本发明的目的之二是提供所述含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,包括:在惰性气体保护下,将5-氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷在催化剂和有机溶剂的存在下进行亲核取代反应,之后将亲和取代反应产物过滤,滤液洗涤、旋转蒸发除溶剂和干燥后即得含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂。
进一步的,所述5-氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷的摩尔比为(2~3):1。
进一步的,所述亲核取代反应的反应温度为-25℃~10℃,反应时间为2h~7h。
进一步的,所述二卤硅烷为二溴硅烷和/或二氯硅烷,具体可以为二苯基二氯硅烷、甲基二氯硅烷、二苯基二溴硅烷、甲基二溴硅烷等中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述催化剂为三乙胺和/或碳酸钾。
进一步的,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
本发明提供的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法的反应式如下所示:
其中,R1和R2各自独立地为氢、C1~C5烷烃基、C2~C4烯烃基或苯基;X1和X2为卤素原子,优选为溴或氯。
根据本发明的一种具体实施方式,所述含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法包括:在惰性气体保护下,向装有恒压滴液漏斗和温度计的三口烧瓶中分别加入有机溶剂、催化剂和5-氨基四氮唑,搅拌溶解后,通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加二卤硅烷和有机溶剂的混合溶液,反应一段时间后,抽滤,滤液无水乙醚洗涤、旋转蒸发除去溶剂、真空干燥后即可得到含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种环氧树脂组合物,所述环氧树脂组合物含有环氧树脂和固化剂,其中,所述固化剂为上述含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂。
本发明的目的之四是提供由所述环氧树脂组合物固化得到的环氧树脂固化物。
本发明的目的之五是提供所述环氧树脂固化物在电子电器、耐高温结构涂层或耐热复合材料树脂基体中的应用。
本发明具有下列优点和积极效果:
(1)本发明通过5-氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷的亲核取代反应,一步法合成得到目标产物,具有反应条件温和、反应周期短、操作工艺简便,后处理简单、产率高等优点。
(2)本发明所制备的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的分子结构呈对称性并且其中含有多个仲胺、叔胺、Si-NH和氮唑环,这种特定结构不仅具有很好的反应活性,可用于固化环氧树脂,并且所得环氧树脂固化物具有优异的热稳定性,可以广泛应用于电子电器、耐高温结构涂层和耐热复合材料树脂基体等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
在高纯氮气保护下,向装有恒压滴液漏斗、温度计的三口烧瓶中依次加入四氢呋喃(20mL)、三乙胺(1.5mL,10mmol)和5-氨基四氮唑(0.85g,10mmol),搅拌溶解后,通过恒压滴液漏斗加入二苯基二氯硅烷(1mL,5mmol)和四氢呋喃(20mL)的混合溶液,滴加完毕后控制温度在5℃继续反应7h,反应结束后,经抽滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,无水乙醚洗涤、旋转蒸发除去溶剂、真空干燥得到含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂,其结构如下:
FTIR:3360cm-1(N-H),3041、1609cm-1(Ph),1263cm-1(Si-C),913cm-1(Si-N)。
1H-NMR:3.51ppm(N-H),5.25ppm(Si-NH),7.11~7.96ppm(Ph-H)。
将该含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂固化双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44),所得固化物在N2气氛中的TGA(升温速率为10℃/min)曲线表明:失重5%(Td5)和最大失重速率(Tmax)所对应的温度分别为388℃和435℃,700℃的质量保留率为38.3%。
实施例2
在高纯氮气保护下,向装有恒压滴液漏斗、温度计的三口烧瓶中依次加入四氢呋喃(20mL)、三乙胺(1.5mL,10mmol)和5-氨基四氮唑(0.94g,11mmol),搅拌溶解后,通过恒压滴液漏斗加入二甲基二氯硅烷(0.64mL,5mmol)和四氢呋喃(20mL)的混合溶液,滴加完毕后控制温度在-10℃继续反应5h,反应结束后,经抽滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,无水乙醚洗涤、旋转蒸发除去溶剂、真空干燥得到含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂,其结构如下:
FTIR:3352cm-1(N-H),2992cm-1(CH3),1260cm-1(Si-C),917cm-1(Si-N)。
1H-NMR:3.55ppm(N-H),5.31ppm(Si-NH),0.21ppm(CH3)。
将该含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂固化双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44),所得固化物在N2气氛中的TGA(升温速率为10℃/min)曲线表明:失重5%(Td5)和最大失重速率(Tmax)所对应的温度分别为367℃和418℃,700℃的质量保留率为29.8%。
实施例3
在高纯氮气保护下,向装有恒压滴液漏斗、温度计的三口烧瓶中依次加入四氢呋喃(20mL)、三乙胺(1.5mL,10mmol)和5-氨基四氮唑(0.85g,10mmol),搅拌溶解后,通过恒压滴液漏斗加入甲基二氯硅烷(0.54mL,5mmol)和四氢呋喃(20mL)的混合溶液,滴加完毕后控制温度在-25℃继续反应3h,反应结束后,经抽滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,无水乙醚洗涤、旋转蒸发除去溶剂、真空干燥得到含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂,其结构如下:
FTIR:3369cm-1(N-H),2981cm-1(CH3),2151cm-1(Si-H),1269cm-1(Si-C),921cm-1(Si-N)。
1H-NMR:3.48ppm(N-H),5.21ppm(Si-NH),0.24ppm(CH3),4.71ppm(Si-H)。
将该含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂固化双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44),所得固化物在N2气氛中的TGA(升温速率为10℃/min)曲线表明:失重5%(Td5)和最大失重速率(Tmax)所对应的温度分别为375℃和423℃,700℃的质量保留率为31.5%。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法制备环氧树脂固化剂,不同的是,将5-氨基四氮唑采用等摩尔量的苯胺替代,其余条件与实施例1相同,得到结构如下所示的含硅氨基环氧树脂固化剂:
将该含硅氨基环氧树脂固化剂固化双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44),所得固化物在N2气氛中的TGA(升温速率为10℃/min)曲线表明:失重5%(Td5)和最大失重速率(Tmax)所对应的温度分别为360℃和410℃,700℃的质量保留率为25.1%。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:在惰性气体保护下,将5-氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷在催化剂和有机溶剂的存在下进行亲核取代反应,之后将亲和取代反应产物过滤,滤液洗涤、旋转蒸发除溶剂和干燥后即得含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述5-氨基四氮唑与二卤硅烷的摩尔比为(2~3):1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲核取代反应的反应温度为-25℃~10℃,反应时间为2h~7h。
5.根据权利要求2~4中任意一项所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二卤硅烷为二溴硅烷和/或二氯硅烷。
6.根据权利要求2~4中任意一项所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为三乙胺和/或碳酸钾。
7.根据权利要求2~4中任意一项所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
8.一种环氧树脂组合物,所述环氧树脂组合物含有环氧树脂和固化剂,其特征在于,所述固化剂为权利要求1所述的含硅氨基氮唑耐高温环氧树脂固化剂。
9.由权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物固化得到的环氧树脂固化物。
10.权利要求9所述的环氧树脂固化物在电子电器、耐高温结构涂层或耐热复合材料树脂基体中的应用。
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