CN111410659B - Pde9抑制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
Pde9抑制剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410659B CN111410659B CN202010014822.0A CN202010014822A CN111410659B CN 111410659 B CN111410659 B CN 111410659B CN 202010014822 A CN202010014822 A CN 202010014822A CN 111410659 B CN111410659 B CN 111410659B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
- C07D491/107—Spiro-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
-
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/541—Non-condensed thiazines containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及式(I)所示的PDE9抑制剂化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,本发明还涉及这些化合物的药物制剂、药物组合物及其应用。R1、R2、环A、L、m和n如说明书中所定义。本发明化合物可用于制备治疗或者预防由PDE9介导的相关疾病的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及式(I)所示的磷酸二酯酶9抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体及其应用。
背景技术
磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase,PDEs)是一类蛋白酶,能选择性的降解体内重要的第二信使cGMP(环磷酸鸟苷)和cAMP(环磷酸腺苷),从而参与体内重要的生理过程。依据基因的序列同源性和对cGMP或cAMP的选择性,PDEs可分为(PDE1~PDE11)11个成员。其中,PDE9A是PDE家族中的重要一员,其广泛表达于睾丸、大脑、小肠、骨肌、心脏、肺、胸腺和胰脏。随着近几年的研究深入,已有多篇文献报道和临床数据证明,PDE9A抑制剂用于治疗由于中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害方面的疾病,比如老年痴呆症和精神分裂症、大脑的神经变性过程疾病。
cAMP和cGMP这两种核苷酸是重要的第二信使,在细胞信号传导过程中起着核心作用;它们主要活化蛋白激酶:由cAMP激活的称作蛋白激酶A(PKA),由cGMP激活的称作蛋白激酶G(PKG)。被激活的PKA和PKG可以磷酸化许多细胞效应蛋白,比如离子通道、G-蛋白耦联受体、结构蛋白、传导因子。因此,cAMP和cGMP通过这种方式可能控制许多器官中的大多数生理过程。同时,cAMP和cGMP也可以直接作用于效应蛋白,从而起到上述相同的作用。众所周知,cGMP可以直接作用于离子受体,从而影响细胞中的离子浓度。磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)水解环状单磷酸酯cAMP和cGMP,将其转化为失活的单磷酸酯AMP和GMP。
人类的PDE9最早在1998年被克隆和测序,是迄今为止报道的对cGMP选择性最高的PDE。PDE9与cGMP的结合常数(Km)为170nM,而对cAMP的结合常数值高达230000nM,选择性超过1000倍。和PDE2A及PDE5A比较,由于PDE9没有cGMP的结合区域,因此PDE9的催化活性并不会被cGMP增强,所以PDE9抑制剂可能提高基线cGMP浓度。
传统的PDE抑制剂不能抑制人类PDE9,因此,药物IBMX、dipyridamole、SKF94120、rolipram和vinpocetine对PDE9没有抑制活性或者很低。
目前市场上没有PDE9抑制剂药物,只有一些正在处于临床研发阶段的抑制剂,例如Pfizer公司的PF-04447943(WO2008139293A1,实施例111)和BI公司的BI-409306(WO2009121919A1,Exp.51)两类PDE9抑制剂,目前两个化合物正处于I期和II期临床阶段。
另外,Merck也在专利WO2017019723A1、WO2017019726A1和WO2017019724A1中报道了一些具有PDE9抑制作用的化合物。如专利WO2017019723A1中的化合物I-8,其结构如下:
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一类用作PDE9蛋白酶抑制剂的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,本发明化合物具有良好的PDE9蛋白酶抑制活性、选择性和成药性(如较高的肝微粒体稳定性),能够治疗或者预防由PDE9介导的相关疾病,可在中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害方面的疾病的治疗方面发挥重要的作用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体:
每个R2分别独立地选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、卤代C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、氨基羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基、芳基、5-6元杂芳基、4-6元杂环基羰基和5-6元杂芳基-氧基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、卤代C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、氨基羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基、芳基、5-6元杂芳基、4-6元杂环基羰基和5-6元杂芳基-氧基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷基羰基氨基、C1-6烷基磺酰氨基、C1-6烷羰氧基、C3-6环烷基、C2-8炔基、卤代C1-6烷基、C2-8烯基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、未被取代或任选被取代基取代的4-6元杂环基、未被取代或任选被取代基取代的杂芳基的基团取代;
上述任选被取代基取代的4-6元杂环基、任选被取代基取代的杂芳基的取代基选自羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基;
L为键、-NH-(CH2)t-,t为0、1、2或3;
环A为3-8元单杂环基、6-12元桥杂环基、6-12元螺杂环基、6-12元并杂环基、芳基、5-10元杂芳基、3-12元环烷基、3-12元环烯基,其中所述杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或其任意组合,S原子可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,C原子可任选被氧化为C(O),所述5-10元杂芳基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或其任意组合;
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、卤代C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、3-12元环烷基、3-12元环烯基、3-12元杂环基、芳基和5-10元杂芳基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、卤代C1-6烷基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、3-12元环烷基、3-12元环烯基、3-12元杂环基、芳基和5-10元杂芳基未被取代或任选被选自羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷基羰基氨基和C1-6烷基磺酰氨基的基团取代;
m和n分别独立地为0、1、2或3;
当环A为3-8元单杂环基时,R2不为氢;
当环A为苯基时,L不为键;
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自氢、氨基、羧基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代和任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷羰氧基、C3-6环烷基、未被取代和任选被C1-6烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为3-8元单杂环基、6-12元桥杂环基、6-12元螺杂环基、6-12元并杂环基、苯基、5-10元杂芳基,所述杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或其任意组合,S原子可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,C原子可任选被氧化为C(O);
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、羟基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和5-6元杂芳基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基和5-6元杂芳基未被取代或被羟基取代;
m和n分别独立地为0、1、2;
当环A为3-8元单杂环基时,R2不为氢;
当环A为苯基时,L不为键;
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为3-8元单杂环基、6-12元螺杂环基,其中所述元杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或其任意组合,S原子可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,C原子可任选被氧化为C(O);
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基;
m和n分别独立地为0、1、2或3;
当环A为3-8元单杂环基时,R2不为氢;
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
L为键;
环A为4-7元单杂环基,所述4-7元单杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或两种的组合,且至少含有一个N,环A通过N原子与L相连接,S原子可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,C原子可任选被氧化为C(O);
优选地,环A为4-7元含氮饱和单杂环基,进一步优选为:
更进一步优选为
每个R2分别独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-4烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-4烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、未被取代或任选被C1-4烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、吡唑基、噻唑基和三唑基,基中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、吡唑基、噻唑基和三唑基未被取代或被羟基取代;
m和n分别独立地为0、1或2。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、环丙基和未被取代或任选被C1-4烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基;
m和n分别独立地为0、1或2。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷氧基、环丙基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基;
m和n分别独立地为0、1或2。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自氨基、羧基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷羰氧基、C3-6环烷基和未被取代或被C1-6烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为
每个R1分别独立地选自吡唑基、噻唑基和三唑基。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
其中,L为键;
每个R2分别独立地选自氢、氨基、氰基、卤素、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷羰基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-4烷基)2氨羰基、C1-4烷基硫基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、C2-6烯基和环丙基,基中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷羰基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基、C1-4烷基硫基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、C2-6烯基和环丙基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、环丙基和C1-4烷羰氧基的基团取代;
环A为7-12元螺杂环基,所述螺杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或两种的组合,且至少含有一个N,环A通过N原子与L相连接,S原子可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,C原子可任选被氧化为C(O);优选地,7-12元螺杂环基为7-12元含氮饱和螺杂环基;更优选地,7-12元含氮饱和螺杂环基选自如下基团:
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
在一些实施方式中,环A选自
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
进一步优选地,环A选自
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
每个R2分别独立地选自氢、氰基、氨基、卤素、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、C1-4烷氨羰基、C1-4烷基硫基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、环丙基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C1-4烷羰基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、C1-4烷氨羰基、C1-4烷基硫基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、环丙基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、环丙基、C1-4烷羰氧基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A选自
m和n分别独立地为0、1或2。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
R2选自C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-4烷基)2氨羰基;
L为键;
环A选自
m为0;
n为0、1或2。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
R2选自氢、氨基、氰基、卤素、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷基硫基、氨基羰基、环丙基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基和哌嗪基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-4烷羰基、C1-4烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷基硫基、氨基羰基、环丙基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基和哌嗪基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、氰基、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基)2氨基、环丙基、C1-4烷羰氧基、未被取代或任选被C1-6烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
L为键;
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、羟基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、吡唑基、噻唑基和三唑基,基中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、吡唑基、噻唑基和三唑基未被取代或被羟基取代;
m为0、1或2;
环A选自如下基团:
优选地,环A选自
更优选地,环A选自
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
L为-NH-(CH2)t-或键,t为0、1或2;
环A为芳基,优选苯基、萘基;
R2选自氢、氨基、羧基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷羰氧基、C3-6环烷基和未被取代或被C1-6烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基,所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基未被取代或任选被选自羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基的基团取代;
m为0、1或2;
当环A为苯基时,L不为键。
本发明的一些实施方式涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,
L为键;
R2选自氢、氨基、羧基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C2-8烯基、C2-6炔基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基硫基、C3-6环烷基、4-6元含氮杂环基、C1-6烷羰基、C1-6烷氨羰基、(C1-6烷基)2氨羰基和氨基羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、氨基、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基、(C1-6烷基)2氨基、C1-6烷羰氧基、C3-6环烷基和未被取代或被C1-6烷基取代的4-6元杂环基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A为6-12元并杂环基,所述6-12元并杂环基的杂原子选自O、S、N中的一种或其任意组合;
每个R1独立地选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、苯基和5-6元杂芳基,取代基取代的所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、苯基和5-6元杂芳基未被取代或任选被选自羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基的基团取代;
m为0、1、2;
优选地,环A为9-10元并杂环基。
更优选地,环A为9-10元含氮并杂环基。
最优选地,环A选自
本发明的一个实施方式,通式(I)所示的化合物的异构体是指立体异构体和互变异构体。
本发明的一个实施方式,通式(I)所示的化合物具有通式(I’)所示的互变异构体
的互变异构体为
上述本发明的任一实施方式中,涉及式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,具有通式(II)所示结构,
其中,R1、R2、L、环A和m如上所述;
条件是:
当环A为3-8元单杂环基时,R2不为氢;
当环A为苯基时,L不为键;
当环A为时,R2不为氢。
对于上述本发明的式(I)或(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,在一些实施方式中,环A选自在一些实施方式中,环A选自在一些实施方式中,n(R2)位于式(I)中喹啉环的6位上,如同在式(II)中的R2的位置,且n=1;在一些实施方式中,R2为卤素,C1-4烷氨羰基,任选被一至多个独立选自羟基或C3-6环烷基取代的C1-4烷基,或任选被C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷氧基。在一些实施方式中,R2为溴、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、被羟基取代的异丙基、甲基氨基羰基、或被羟基和环丙基取代的甲基(或乙基、或丙基,或丁基)、或被甲氧基取代的乙氧基。在一些实施方式中,m(R1)位于环A被L取代位点的对位;在一些实施方式中,R1为C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基;在一些实施方式中,m=2;在一些实施方式中,m=0。
对于上述本发明的式(I)或(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,在一些实施方式中,环A选自m(R1)位于环A被L取代位点的对位,R1为C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基,m=2;n(R2)为卤素,C1-4烷氨羰基,任选被一至多个独立选自羟基或C3-6环烷基取代的C1-4烷基,或任选被C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷氧基,且其中n=1。在一些实施方式中,环A选自m为0;n(R2)为卤素,C1-4烷氨羰基,任选被一至多个独立选自羟基或C3-6环烷基取代的C1-4烷基,或任选被C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷氧基,且其中n=1。
对于上述本发明的式(I)或(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,在一些实施方式中,环A选自m(R1)位于环A被L取代位点的对位,R1为C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基,m=2;n(R2)为溴、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、被羟基取代的异丙基、甲基氨基羰基、或被羟基和环丙基取代的甲基(或乙基、或丙基,或丁基)、或被甲氧基取代的乙氧基。在一些实施方式中,环A选自m为0;n(R2)为溴、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、被羟基取代的异丙基、甲基氨基羰基、或被羟基和环丙基取代的甲基(或乙基、或丙基,或丁基)、或被甲氧基取代的乙氧基。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,如前述式(I)或(II)所示的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、异构体见表1:
表1
本发明还提供了含有前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,及一种或多种第二治疗活性剂的药物组合物。
在本发明的一种具体实施方式中,该组合物可以是将“治疗有效量”的前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体,与一种或多种第二治疗活性剂采用联合给药的方式使用,例如先后给药,同时给药,或将本发明提供的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体与第二治疗活性剂做成复方制剂给药。
所述第二治疗活性剂为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段)、淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段)的抗体、淀粉样蛋白的降低或抑制试剂、α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、β-肾上腺素受体阻断剂、抗胆碱能药、抗惊厥药、安定药、钙通道阻断剂、儿茶酚-O转甲基酶抑制剂、中枢神经系统刺激剂、皮质类固醇、多巴胺受体激动剂、多巴胺受体拮抗剂、多巴胺再摄入抑制剂、γ-氨基丁酸受体激动剂、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、干扰素、左旋多巴、N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、毒蕈碱受体激动剂、烟碱受体激动剂、神经保护药物、降肾上腺素(去甲肾上腺素)再摄入抑制剂、其他PDE9抑制剂、其他磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂、β-分泌酶抑制剂、γ-分泌酶抑制剂、血清素(5-羟色胺)1A(5-HT1A)受体拮抗剂、血清素(5-羟色胺)6(5-HT6)受体拮抗剂、血清素(5-HT)再摄入抑制剂和营养因子。
所述“其他PDE9抑制剂”和“其他磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂”是指经证实对PDE9或PDE有活性的在研或者上市药物。
本发明还提供了含有前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体的药物制剂。
在发明的一些实施方式中,药物制剂可以包含一种或多种药用载体。
本发明所述的药用载体可以是一种或多种适合于人使用的固体或液体填料或凝胶物质。所述药用载体优选具有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性,并且与本发明提供的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体具有相容性且不明显减低其药效。例如,药用载体可以填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、水性溶剂或非水性溶剂等。
本发明所述的药物制剂,可以制成药学上可接受的任意剂型,以任何合适的给药方式,例如通过口服、肠胃外、直肠或经肺给药等方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者或受试者。用于口服给药时,可以制成片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂等。用于肠胃外给药时,可以制成注射液、注射用无菌粉末等。
本发明还提供了前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体、前述的药物制剂或前述的药物组合物在制备治疗或者预防由PDE9介导的相关疾病的药物中的用途;具体地,所述PDE9介导的相关疾病为由中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害;更为具体地,所述认知损害包括:知觉、注意力、记忆力及学习损害;包括但不限于老年痴呆症、精神分裂症、年龄相关性记忆丧失、血管性痴呆、颅脑外伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆、外伤后痴呆、一般性注意力损害、儿童注意力损害伴学习及记忆问题、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、额叶变性痴呆、皮质基底节变性痴呆、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、丘脑变性、库贾氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、精神分裂症、科尔萨科夫精神病或与抑郁症或双相情感障碍。
本发明还提供了前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体、前述的药物制剂或前述的药物组合物在治疗或者预防疾病中的用途。
本发明还提供了前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体、前述的药物制剂或前述的药物组合物在治疗或者预防由PDE9介导的相关疾病中的用途;具体地,所述PDE9介导的相关疾病为由中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害;更为具体地,所述认知损害包括:知觉、注意力、记忆力及学习损害;包括但不限于老年痴呆症、精神分裂症、年龄相关性记忆丧失、血管性痴呆、颅脑外伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆、外伤后痴呆、一般性注意力损害、儿童注意力损害伴学习及记忆问题、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、额叶变性痴呆、皮质基底节变性痴呆、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、丘脑变性、库贾氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、精神分裂症、科尔萨科夫精神病或与抑郁症或双相情感障碍。
本发明还提供了一种治疗或预防疾病的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者给药治疗有效量的前述式(I)或式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体、前述的药物制剂或前述的药物组合物;所述疾病为PDE9介导的相关疾病;具体地,所述PDE9介导的相关疾病为由中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害;更为具体地,所述认知损害包括:知觉、注意力、记忆力及学习损害;包括但不限于老年痴呆症、精神分裂症、年龄相关性记忆丧失、血管性痴呆、颅脑外伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆、外伤后痴呆、一般性注意力损害、儿童注意力损害伴学习及记忆问题、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、额叶变性痴呆、皮质基底节变性痴呆、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、丘脑变性、库贾氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、精神分裂症、科尔萨科夫精神病或与抑郁症或双相情感障碍。
发明详述
本发明所述的“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴、碘等,优选氟,氯。
本发明所述的“卤代”是指取代基中的任一氢原子可被一个或多个相同或不同的卤素原子取代。“卤素”如前文所定义。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷基”指含有1-6个碳原子的烃部分去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链的烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、异己基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基和1-甲基-2-甲基丙基等。所述“C1-4烷基”指含有1-4个碳原子的上述实例。
本发明所述的“C2-8烯基”指含有碳碳双键的2~8个碳原子的烯烃部分去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链或环状的烯烃基,如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、1,3-戊二烯基、1,4-戊二烯基、1-己烯基、1,4-己二烯基。
本发明所述的“C2-8炔基”指含有碳碳叁键的2~8个碳原子的炔烃部分去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链的炔烃基,如乙炔基、丙炔基、2-丁炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-甲基-2-戊炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基等。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷氧基”是指前文所定义的“C1-6烷基”通过氧原子与母体分子连接的基团,即“C1-6烷基-O-”基团,如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、新戊氧基和正己氧基等。所述的“C1-4烷氧基”指含有1-4个碳原子的上述实例,即“C1-4烷基-O-”基团。
发明所述的“C1-6烷基氨基”、“(C1-6烷基)2氨基”、“C1-6烷基羰基氨基”、“C1-6烷基磺酰氨基”、“C1-6烷基氨基羰基”、“(C1-6烷基)2氨基-羰基”、“C1-6烷氧基-羰基”、“C1-6烷基磺酰基”、“C1-6烷基硫基”、“C1-6烷基羰基”、分别指C1-6烷基-NH-、(C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)N-、C1-6烷基-C(O)-NH-、C1-6烷基-S(O)2-NH2-、C1-6烷基-NH-C(O)-、(C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)N-C(O)-、C1-6烷基-O-C(O)-、C1-6烷基-S(O)2-、C1-6烷基-S-、C1-6烷基-C(O)-;所述“C1-6烷基”如前文所定义,优选为“C1-4烷基”。
本发明所述的“稠环”是指由两个或两个以上环状结构以并、螺、桥的连接方式所形成的多环系结构。所述的并环是指由两个或两个以上环状结构彼此公用两个相邻的环原子(即共用一个键)所形成的稠环结构。所述的桥环是指有两个或两个以上环装结构彼此共用两个非相邻的环原子所形成的稠环结构。所述的螺环是指由两个或两个以上环状结构彼此共用一个环原子所形成的稠环结构。
本发明所述的“3-12元环烯基”,在不特别指明的情况下,包括可能形成的所有单环、稠环(包括以并、螺、桥的形式稠合)的情形,例如3-8元单环烯、7-11元螺环烯、7-11元并环烯、6-11元桥环烯等。
本发明所述的环烷基包括可能形成的所有单环、稠环(包括以并、螺、桥的形式稠合)的情形;例如“3-12元环烷基”,可以是单环、双环、或者多环环烷基系统(也称为稠环系统)。在不特别指明的情况下,单环系统是含3-8个碳原子的环烃基基团。3-8元环烷基实例包括但不限于:环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环戊烷基、环己烷基、环庚烷基、环辛烷基等。稠环环烷基包括并环环烷基、桥环烷基、螺环烷基。并环环烷基可以为6-11元并环环烷基、7-10元并环环烷基,其的代表性例子包括但不限于双环[3.1.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷、双环[3.2.2]壬烷、双环[3.3.1]壬烷和双环[4.2.1]壬烷。所述的螺环基可以为7-12元螺环基、7-11元螺环基,其实例包括但不限于: 所述的桥环基可以为6-11元桥环基、7-10元桥环基,其实例包括但不限于:
本发明所述的“杂环基”是指3-12元的至少一个环碳原子被选自O、S、N的杂原子替代的非芳香性的环状基团,优选1-3个杂原子,同时包括碳原子、氮原子和硫原子可以被氧代。
“3-12元杂环基”,是指单环杂环基、双环杂环基系统或多环杂环基系统(也称为稠环系统),包括饱和、部分饱和的杂环基,但不包括芳环。在不特别指明的情况下,包括可能形成的所有单环、稠环(包括以并、螺、桥的形式稠合)、饱和、部分饱和的情形。
单杂环基可以为3-8元杂环基、3-8元饱和杂环基、3-6元杂环基、4-7元杂环基、5-7元杂环基、5-6元杂环基、5-6元含氧杂环基、3-8元含氮杂环基、5-6元含氮杂环基、5-6元饱和杂环基等。“3-8”元饱和杂环基,其实例包括但不限于氮杂环丙烷基、氧杂环丙烷基、硫杂环丙烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、吡咯烷基、四氢噻吩基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、1,2-噁唑烷基、1,3-噁唑烷基、1,2-噻唑烷基、1,3-噻唑烷基、四氢-2H-吡喃基、四氢-2H-噻喃基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、1,4-二氧杂环己烷基、1,4-氧硫杂环己烷基;“3-8”元部分饱和杂环基,其实例包括但不限于4,5-二氢异噁唑基、4,5-二氢噁唑基、2,5-二氢噁唑基、2,3-二氢噁唑基、3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯基、2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯基、2,5-二氢-1H-咪唑基、4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑基、4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑基、4,5-二氢-3H-吡唑基、4,5-二氢噻唑基、2,5-二氢噻唑基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、2H-噻喃基、4H-噻喃基、2,3,4,5-四氢吡啶基、1,2-异噁嗪基、1,4-异噁嗪基或6H-1,3-噁嗪基等。稠杂环包括并杂环基、螺杂环基、桥杂环基,可以是饱和的、部分饱和的或不饱和的,但不是芳香性的。稠杂环基是稠合到苯环、5-6元的单环环烷基、5-6元单环环烯基、5-6元单环杂环基或5-6元单环杂芳基的5-6元单环杂环基环。所述的并杂环基可以为6-12元并环基、7-10元并环基、6-10元并环基、6-12元饱和并环基,代表性实例包括但不限于:3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷基、3,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷基、3,8-二氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛烷基、3,7-二氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛烷基、八氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯基、八氢吡咯并[3,4-b]吡咯基、八氢吡咯并[3,4-b][1,4]噁嗪基、八氢-1H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡啶基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-3-基、二氢吲哚-1-基、二氢吲哚-2-基、二氢吲哚3-基、2,3-二氢苯并噻吩-2基、八氢-1H-吲哚基、八氢苯并呋喃基。所述的螺杂环基可以为6-12元螺杂环基、7-11元螺杂环基、6-12元饱和螺环基,其实例包括但不限于:
所述的桥杂环基可以为6-12元桥杂环基、7-11元桥杂环基、6-12元饱和桥环基,其实例包括但不限于:
本发明所述“芳基”,是指含有6-14个碳原子的环状芳香性基团,包括,苯基、萘、菲等。
本发明所述的杂芳基,包括可能形成的所有单环、稠环、全部芳香、部分芳香的情形。例如“5-10元杂芳基”是指至少一个环碳原子被选自O、S、N的杂原子替代的芳香性的环状基团,优选1-3个杂原子,同时包括碳原子、硫原子被氧代的情况,例如碳原子被C(O)替代,硫原子被S(O)、S(O)2替代。杂芳基包括单杂芳基和稠杂芳基,在不特别指明的情况下,单杂芳基可以为5-7元杂芳基、5-6元杂芳基,其实例包括但不仅限于呋喃基、咪唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、噁唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、吡咯基、四唑基、噻二唑基、噻吩基、三唑基和三嗪基。在某些实施例中,稠杂芳基是指单环杂芳环稠合到苯基、环烯基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环基所形成的基团,稠杂芳基可以为8-12元并杂芳基、9-10元并杂芳基,例子包括但不限于苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、噌啉基、5,6-二氢喹啉-2-基、5,6-二氢异喹啉-1-基、呋喃并吡啶基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、异喹啉基、萘啶基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉-2-基、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉基、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉-4-基、5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉-1-基、噻吩并吡啶基、4,5,6,7-四氢并[c][1,2,5]噁二唑基和6,7-二氢并[c][1,2,5]噁二唑-4(5H)酮基。
本发明所述的“药学上可接受的盐”是指可药用的酸和碱的加成盐或其溶剂化物。这样的可药用盐包括诸如以下的酸的盐:盐酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、甲酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、硝酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、马来酸、氢碘酸、链烷酸(诸如乙酸、HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n是0~4))等。碱的盐:钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铵盐等。本领域技术人员知晓多种无毒的可药用加成盐。
本发明所述“异构体”是指立体异构体和互变异构体。
立体异构体是指当化合物存在不对称碳原子时,会产生对映异构体;当化合物存在碳碳双键或环状结构时,会产生顺反异构体;所有式(I)化合物的对映异构体、非对映异构体、消旋异构体、顺反异构体、几何异构体、差向异构体及其混合物,均包括在本发明范围中。
“互变异构体”是指因分子中某一原子在两个位置迅速移动而产生的官能团异构体,互变异构体是一种特殊的官能团异构体。如含有α-H的羰基化合物的互变异构,具体如如其他质子迁移互变异构,具体如酚-酮互变异构、亚硝基-肟互变异构、亚胺-烯胺互变异构。
T、T1、T2分别独立地为任意符合化合物成键规律的基团。
本发明化合物含有内酰胺结构,存在互变异构,当提到本发明化合物时,意味着该化合物的互变异构体也同时提及。
本发明所述的“治疗有效量”是指当给药到患者时至少能够减轻患者病症的症状的前述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、异构体、组合物或药物制剂的量。包含“治疗有效量”的实际量会根据多种情况而变化,多种情况包括但不限于所治疗的特定病症、病症的严重程度、患者的体格和健康状况以及给药途径。熟练的医疗从业者可容易地使用医疗领域中已知的方法确定合适的量。
化合物制备
通过标准化学方法在内的多种方法,可以制备本发明的化合物。除非另外指出,否则任何前面定义的变量将继续具有前面定义的含义。示例性的一般合成方法阐述在下述方案中,并且可以很容易的改进以制备本发明的其它化合物。在实施例部分中制备本发明的具体化合物。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物可以通过式(I-d)的化合物与式(I-e)的化合物通过金属催化的偶联或芳香亲核取代等反应来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-d)的化合物可以通过式(I-c)的化合物与卤代试剂、取代或未取代的磺酰氯或磺酸酐的作用来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-c)的化合物可以通过式(I-b)的化合物在合适的碱的作用下,关环来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-b)的化合物可以通过式(I-a)的化合物与氰基乙酸在合适的肽偶联剂作用下反应来制备,如下:
上述实施方式中,R1、R2、A、L、m和n如上文中所定义,Ra1选自氢或C1-6烷基,X选自卤素、取代或未取代苯磺酸酯、C1-6烷基磺酸酯、三氟甲磺酸酯等。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物可以通过式(I-j)的化合物与合适的含有R2基团的试剂通过金属催化的偶联反应,或者式(I-j)的化合物与合适的试剂通过金属催化的偶联反应后,再经过一步或多步常规的化学反应转化(如氧化、还原、加成、取代、氢化、氯代、氨化等)制备得到,如下:
在一些实施方式中,(I-j)的化合物可以通过式(I-i)的化合物与式(I-e)的化合物通过芳香亲核取代等反应来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-i)的化合物可以通过式(I-h)的化合物与卤代试剂、取代或未取代的磺酰氯或磺酸酐的作用来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-h)的化合物可以通过式(I-g)的化合物在合适的碱的作用下,关环来制备,如下:
在一些实施方式中,式(I-g)的化合物可以通过式(I-f)的化合物与氰基乙酸在合适的肽偶联剂作用下反应来制备,如下:
上述实施方式中,R1、R2、A、L、m、n、Ra1和X如上文中所定义,X2选自溴或碘。
卤代试剂,是指用于卤化反应的试剂,包括但不限制于N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、二溴海因、三溴化磷、三氯化膦、氯化亚砜、三氯氧磷、五氯化磷或三溴氧磷。
合适的碱,是指包括有机碱和无机碱。其中,有机碱包括但不限制于叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、LiHMDS、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙基胺基锂等。无机碱包括但不限制于氢化钠,碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、磷酸钾、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙等。
取代或未取代的磺酰氯是指Ra2-SO2Cl。
取代或未取代的磺酸酐是指(Ra2-SO2)2-O。
其中,Ra2选自C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、取代或未取代的芳基等。
肽偶联剂,是指能够活化羧酸与胺形成酰胺的试剂,包括但不限制于1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐,2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯,O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯,N,N'-羰基二咪唑,苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐,丙基磷酸酐,碳化二亚胺等。
具体实施方式
本文中使用的缩写:
“DCM”是指二氯甲烷;“DMF”是指N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;“DIPEA”是指N,N-二异丙基乙胺;“PE”是指石油醚;“EA”是指乙酸乙酯;“EDCI”是指碳化二亚胺;“HATU”是指2-(7-氧化苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐;“THF”是指四氢呋喃。
实施例1:6-溴-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成(化合物180)
步骤1:2-氨基-5-溴苯甲酸乙酯的合成
将中间体2-氨基-5-溴苯甲酸(50g,0.231mol,1.0eq)和浓硫酸(20mL)溶解在无水乙醇(500mL)中,80℃反应96h,LC-MS监测反应完全,减压浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯(200mL),在0℃下加入饱和碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值至10,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,粗品用PE:EA(100:1,200mL)打浆,抽滤,滤饼烘干得到产品(37g,收率:65%)。
步骤2:5-溴-2-(2-氰基乙酰胺基)苯甲酸乙酯的合成
将中间体2-氨基-5-溴苯甲酸乙酯(37g,0.151mol,1.0eq)和氰基乙酸(15.5g,0.182mol,1.2eq)溶解在DCM(400mL)中,冷却至0℃,分批加入EDCI(43.4g,0.227mol,1.5eq),反应50min,TLC监测反应完全,加入水(300mL),搅拌30min,抽滤,滤饼收集,用水(300mL)淋洗,滤液分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,粗品用PE:EA(20:1,50mL)打浆,抽滤,两批滤饼烘干得到产品(45.2g,收率:96%)。
步骤3:6-溴-4-羟基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体5-溴-2-(2-氰基乙酰胺基)苯甲酸乙酯(45.2g,0.145mol,1.0eq)溶于乙醇(600mL),在冰浴下加入乙醇钠(29.58mg,0.435mol,1.5eq),反应30min,TLC检测反应完全。减压浓缩,加入水(500mL),用浓盐酸调pH值至2,有白色固体析出,过滤,滤饼烘干得到产品(38.4g,收率:100%)。
步骤4:6-溴-2,4-二氯喹啉-3-甲腈的合成:
将中间体6-溴-4-羟基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(38.4g,0.145mol,1.0eq)溶于乙腈(200mL),加入三氯氧磷(77.8g,0.507mol,3.5eq),90℃反应3h,LC-MS检测反应完全,减压浓缩得到粗品,按理论量用于下步反应
步骤5:6-溴-4-氯-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成:
将中间体6-溴-2,4-二氯喹啉-3-甲腈(43.7g,0.145mol,1.0eq)溶于三氟乙酸(300mL)和水(80mL)的混合溶剂中,升温90℃反应2.5h,TLC检测反应完全,将反应液滴入冰水(1L)中,搅拌20min,抽滤,滤饼烘干得产品(37.5g,收率:91%)。
步骤6:6-溴-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成:
将中间体6-溴-4-氯-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(30g,0.106mol,1.0eq)、4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶盐酸盐(19.28g,0.116mol,1.1eq)和DIPEA(41.12g,0.318mol,3.0eq)溶于DMF(150mL),80℃反应1h,LC-MS检测反应完全,将反应液滴入冰水(750mL)中,搅拌30min,抽滤,滤饼烘干得产品(30g,收率:75%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.91(s,1H),7.79-7.80(s,1H),7.73-7.76(m,1H),7.23-7.25(s,1H),3.55-3.58(d,2H),3.50-3.52(m,2H),3.18(s,3H),1.88-1.91(d,2H),1.72-1.79(m,2H),1.22(s,3H).
分子式:C17H18BrN3O2分子量:376.25 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=376.06[M+H]+.
实施例2:3-氰基-N-甲基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-6-甲酰胺的合成(化合物96)
步骤1:6-溴-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将实施例1步骤5产物6-溴-4-氯-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(7.0g,24.69mmol,1.0eq)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(35mL),加入DIPEA(12.7g,98.76mmol,4.0eq)和6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷盐酸盐(5.1g,34.56mmol,1.4eq),加毕,升温至80℃反应1h,LC-MS检测无原料,将反应液降至室温,倒入冰水(175mL)中,析出固体,抽滤,滤饼用石油醚淋洗,烘干得到产品(7.2g,收率:81.8%)。
步骤2:2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-6-乙烯基-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体6-溴-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(7.2g,20mmol,1.0eq)、乙烯基氟硼酸钾(4.0g,30mmol,1.5eq)和碳酸铯(19.5g,60mmol,3.0eq)溶于1,4-二氧六环(200mL)和水(40mL)的混合溶剂中,氮气置换三次,加入[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(1.5g,2mmol,0.1eq),氮气置换三次,升温至100℃反应18h。LC-MS检测无原料,降温至60℃,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯淋洗,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取,有机相合并,用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品用甲基叔丁基醚打浆,过滤,滤饼烘干得到产品(5.8g,收率:95%)。
步骤3:6-甲酰基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-6-乙烯基-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(2.8g,9.17mmol,1.0eq)溶于叔丁醇(60mL)和水(60mL)的混合溶剂中,加甲磺酰胺(872.1mg,9.17mmol,1.0eq)和AD-mix-β(33.6g),氮气保护下室温搅拌反应68h。TLC显示无原料,加高碘酸钠(3.9g,18.34mmol,2.0eq)、四氢呋喃(10mL)和水(10mL),加毕,室温搅拌7h,LC-MS检测有原料剩余,补加高碘酸钠(3.9g,18.34mmol,2.0eq)、四氢呋喃(10mL)和水(10mL),加毕,室温搅拌16h,LC-MS检测无原料,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷(100mL)打浆,分液,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷淋洗,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(MeOH:DCM=1:100)纯化得到产品(754mg,收率:26.9%)。
步骤4:3-氰基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-6-羧酸的合成
将中间体6-甲酰基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(754mg,2.45mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲酸(5mL)中,降温至-5~0℃,滴加(30%)双氧水(1.4g,12.26mmol,5.0eq),加毕,保温-5~0℃反应16h,加水(50mL),用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(MeOH:DCM=1:40)纯化,所得产品溶于水(20mL)中,用2mol/L盐酸调pH=6,用乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取,水相冻干得到产品(183mg,收率:23%)。
步骤5:3-氰基-N-甲基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-6-甲酰胺的合成
将中间体3-氰基-2-氧代-4-(6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-6-羧酸(170mg,0.53mmol,1.0eq)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(2mL),加DIPEA(339mg,2.63mmol,5.0eq),氮气保护下,冰水降温至0℃,加HATU(400mg,1.05mmol,2.0eq),室温反应1h,加甲胺盐酸盐(70.8mg,1.05mmol,2.0eq),室温反应1h,LC-MS检测无原料,加水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,水洗(50mL×2),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经制备薄层色谱纯化得到产品(27mg,收率:15.2%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.98(s,1H),8.54-8.53(m,1H),8.30-8.29(s,1H),8.02-7.99(d,1H),7.31-7.29(d,1H),3.65-3.62(m,4H),2.81-2.80(s,3H),1.64-1.63(m,4H),0.45(m,4H).
分子式:C19H20N4O2分子量:336.40 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=337.4[M+H]+.
实施例3:6-乙基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成(化合物107)
步骤1:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-6-乙烯基-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将实施例1步骤6产物6-溴-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(20g,0.053mol,1.0eq)溶于1,4-二氧六环(300mL)和水(80mL)的混合溶剂中,加入三氟(乙烯基)硼酸钾(10.68g,0.08mmol,1.5eq)、碳酸铯(51.8g,0.159mol,3.0eq)氮气置换后,再加入[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(3.886mg,5.3mmol,0.1eq),氮气保护下100℃反应3小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,分液,水相用二氯甲烷(200mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=60:1)纯化得到产品(14.3g,收率:83%)。步骤2:6-乙基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-6-乙烯基-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(300mg,0.92mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲醇(5mL),加入Pd/C(30mg),氢气置换三次,氢气条件下反应2小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,抽滤,滤液减压浓缩得到产品(126mg,收率:42%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.71(s,1H),7.50(s,1H),7.45-7.47(m,1H),7.21-7.23(d,1H),3.5-3.61(m,4H),3.18(s,3H),2.64-2.70(m,2H),1.88-1.92(d,2H),1.74-1.81(m,2H),1.22(s,6H).
分子式:C19H23N3O2分子量:325.41 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=326.18[M+H]+.
实施例4:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-甲基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成(化合物158)
步骤1:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-甲基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将实施例1步骤6产物6-溴-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(500mg,1.33mmol,1.0eq)溶于1,4-二氧六环(5mL)和水(1mL)的混合溶剂中,加入碳酸铯(1.3g,3.98mol,3.0eq)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(97mg,0.133mmol,0.1eq),氮气置换后,加入三甲基环三硼氧烷(50%THF溶液,1.33g,5.31mmol,4.0eq)、氮气保护下100℃反应12小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经制备HPLC纯化(0.1%氨水:甲醇=1:4)得到产品(66mg,收率:15%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):7.40-7.50(d,2H),7.19-7.21(d,1H),3.53-3.57(m,4H),3.18(s,3H),2.36(s,3H),1.78-1.91(m,4H),1.22(s,3H).
分子式:C18H21N3O2分子量:311.39 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=312.16[M+H]+.
实施例5:6-异丙基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成(化合物179)
步骤1:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈合成
将实施例1步骤6产物6-溴-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(500mg,1.33mmol,1.0eq)溶于1,4-二氧六环(5mL)和H2O(1mL)的混合溶剂中,加入三氟(丙-1-烯-2-基)硼酸钾(295mg,2.0mmol,1.5eq)、碳酸铯(1.3g,4.0mmol,3.0eq)氮气置换再加入[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(97mg,0.13mmol,0.1eq),氮气条件下100℃反应12小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。加入水(10mL),二氯甲烷(10mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经柱层析(DCM:MeOH=60:1)纯化得到产品(400mg,收率:89%)。
步骤2:6-异丙基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(400mg,1.18mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲醇(5mL),加入Pd/C(40mg),氢气条件下反应12小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,抽滤,减压浓缩,粗品用甲基叔丁醚打浆得到产品(300mg,收率:75%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.68(s,1H),7.50-7.51(d,2H),7.24-7.24(d,1H),3.51-3.61(m,4H),3.18(s,3H),2.95-2.97(m,1H),1.89-1.93(d,2H),1.75-1.80(m,2H),1.22-1.23(m,9H).
分子式:C20H25N3O2分子量:339.44 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=340.19[M+H]+.
实施例6:6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈合成(化合物109)
步骤1:6-(1,2-二羟基乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将实施例3步骤1产物4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-6-乙烯基-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(14g,0.043mol,1.0eq)溶于叔丁醇(280mL)和水(280mL)的混合溶剂中,加入甲磺酰胺(4.11g,0.043mol,1.0eq)AD-mix(168g),常温反应12个小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,不做处理直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:6-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
在上步反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃(200mL),加入高碘酸钠(36.9g,0.17mol,4.0eq),反应24个小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。加入二氯甲烷(200mL),搅拌30min,过滤,分液,水相用二氯甲烷(200mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=100:1)纯化得到产物(5.9g,两步收率:42%)。
步骤3:6-(1-羟乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体6-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(4g,12.3mmol,1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(40mL),降温至-30℃,加入甲基氯化镁(12.4mL,36.9mmol,3.0eq),反应5小时,LC-MS检测反应完全,加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=50:1)纯化得到产品(2.28g,收率:54%)。
步骤4:6-乙酰基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体6-(1-羟乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(2.2g,6.44mmol,1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷(40mL),降温至0℃,加入戴斯-马丁氧化剂(5.47g,12.88mmol,2.0eq),反应3小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。抽滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=80:1)纯化得到产品(1.9g,收率:87%)。
步骤5:6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体6-乙酰基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(1.9g,5.6mmol,1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(40mL),降温在-30℃,滴加甲基溴化镁(5.6mL,16.8mmol,3.0eq),反应3小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。加入水(30mL),用乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=60:1)纯化得产品(1.52g,收率:76%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.69(s,1H),7.85-7.86(d,1H),7.65-7.68(m,1H),7.22-7.24(d,1H),5.16(s,1H),3.53-3.62(m,4H),3.19(s,3H),1.90-1.94(d,2H),1.73-1.80(m,2H),1.45(s,6H),1.23(s,3H).
分子式:C20H25N3O3分子量:355.44 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=356.19[M+H]+.
实施例7:6-(环丙基(羟基)甲基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈合成(化合物130)
步骤1:6-(环丙基(羟基)甲基)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将实施例6步骤2产物6-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(500mg,1.54mmol,1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL),-30℃下滴加环丙基溴化镁(2.3mL,2.3mmol,1.5eq),反应3小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。加入水(10mL),用二氯甲烷(10mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,粗品先经硅胶柱层析(DCM:MeOH=50:1)纯化,再用甲基叔丁基醚(10mL)打浆得产品(300mg,收率:53%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.71(s,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.60-7.63(d,1H),7.24-7.26(m,1H),5.27-5.28(d,1H),4.04-4.06(m,1H),3.55-3.57(m,4H),3.19(s,3H),1.89-1.92(d,2H),1.75-1.79(d,2H),1.23(s,3H),1.01-1.05(s,1H),0.45-0.48(d,4H).
分子式:C21H25N3O3分子量:367.45 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=368.19[M+H]+.
实施例8:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成(化合物145)
步骤1:2-甲氧基乙基5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-硝基苯甲酸酯的合成
将原料5-羟基-2-硝基苯甲酸(5.0g,27.31mmol,1.0eq)溶于DMF(50mL),加入无水碳酸钾(15g,109.21mmol,4.0eq)和1-溴-2-甲氧基乙烷(11.4g,82.02mmol,3eq),60℃反应23小时,LC-MS检测反应完全。降至室温,加入水(200mL),用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,有机相合并,用水(100mL×2)洗涤,分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得到产品(4.0g,收率:49%)。步骤2:2-甲氧基乙基2-氨基-5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)苯甲酸酯的合成
将中间体2-甲氧基乙基5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-硝基苯甲酸酯(4.0g,13.36mmol,1.0eq)溶于无水甲醇(100mL),加入(10%)钯碳(1g),氢气置换三次,室温反应20h,LC-MS检测反应完全,过滤,滤饼用甲醇淋洗,滤液减压浓缩得到产品(5g粗品),按理论量投入下一步。
步骤3:2-甲氧基乙基2-(2-氰基乙酰氨基)-5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)苯甲酸酯的合成
将中间体2-甲氧基乙基2-氨基-5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)苯甲酸酯(5g粗品,13.36mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(60mL),加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(3.8g,20mmol,1.5eq)和氰基乙酸(1.36g,16mmol,1.2eq),加毕,室温搅拌1h。TLC显示无原料,加二氯甲烷(100mL),用水(50mL×2)洗涤,分液,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到产品(4.78g粗品),按理论量投入下一步。
步骤4:4-羟基-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体2-甲氧基乙基2-(2-氰基乙酰氨基)-5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)苯甲酸酯(4.5g,13.36mmol,1.0eq)溶于无水乙醇(150mL),加热至50℃溶解,加入乙醇钠(2.7g,40.08mmol,3.0eq),50℃搅拌1h。TLC显示无原料,减压浓缩,加水(50mL),用浓盐酸调节pH=2,析出固体,过滤,滤饼依次用水和丙酮淋洗,烘干得到产品(3.2g,三步收率:92.2%)。
步骤5:2,4-二氯-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体4-羟基-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(3.2g,12.30mmol,1.0eq)溶于无水乙腈(150mL),加五氯化磷(5.1g,24.60mmol,2.0eq)和三氯氧磷(6.6g,43.05mmol,3.5eq),加毕,升温至80℃反应3h。LC-MS检测少量原料剩余,降至室温,倒入冰水(200mL)中,搅拌10min,析出黄色固体,过滤,滤饼用水淋洗得到产品(5.4g粗品),按理论量投入下一步。
步骤6:4-氯-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体2,4-二氯-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(3.6g,12.30mmol,1.0eq)溶于三氟乙酸(36mL)和水(9mL)的混合溶剂中,加热至90℃反应4h,然后室温搅拌14h。将反应液倒入水(100mL)中,析出黄色固体,过滤,滤饼依次用水和丙酮淋洗,滤饼烘干得到产物(2.39g,收率:69.8%)。
步骤7:4-(4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈的合成
将中间体4-氯-6-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-甲腈(500mg,1.79mmol,1.0eq)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(5mL),加DIPEA(926.8mg,7.18mmol,4.0eq)和4-甲氧基-4-甲基哌啶盐酸盐(415.1mg,2.51mmol,1.4eq),加毕,升温至80℃反应1h,LC-MS检测无原料剩余,将反应液降至室温,倒入冰水(50mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,有机相合并,用水(50mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到淡黄色固体,加入乙酸乙酯(2mL)和甲基叔丁基醚(8mL)的混合溶剂中,50℃打浆0.5h,趁热抽滤,滤饼烘干得到产品(369.3mg,收率:55.5%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.70(s,1H),7.31-7.28(d,1H),7.25-7.23(d,1H),7.11-7.10(s,1H),4.17-4.14(m,2H),3.70-3.68(m,2H),3.60-3.50(m,4H),3.32(s,3H),3.18(s,3H),1.92-1.86(m,2H),1.81-1.75(m,2H),1.22(s,3H).
分子式:C20H25N3O4分子量:371.44 LC-MS(Pos,m/z)=372.17[M+H]+.
根据下述实验例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实验例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实验例1:PDE9酶学评价方法
测试物:本发明化合物,由本发明相应的实施例所制备。
一、实验材料及仪器
PDE9A2酶(BPS,Cat.No.60090)
384孔板(Perkin Elmer,Cat.No.6007279)
二、试验步骤
准备化合物:用DMSO将化合物配制成10mM化合物储存液长期储存,以DMSO 100倍稀释得到100μM化合物工作母液,再以DMSO将化合物工作母液3倍稀释,共得到8-10个浓度梯度的化合物稀释母液(100×)。
加药孵育:使用极微量液体移液系统Echo移取化合物稀释母液至384孔板中;每个化合物孔加入200nL化合物稀释母液以及10μL PDE9A2酶液,1000rpm离心1min后,室温孵育15min。随后加入10μL底物混合液,1000rpm离心1min后,室温振荡孵育30min。最后,加入终止液终止反应体系,室温振荡孵育60min。最大读值孔(Max)中,以溶剂代替化合物;最小读值孔(Min)中,以溶剂代替化合物以及酶液。
检测:使用酶标仪检测480nm/535nm处荧光读值(F)。
计算:抑制率按照如下公式计算,使用GraphPad Prism5.0拟合IC50:
三、试验结果如下表2所示:
表2
测试物 | PDE9A2 IC50(nM) |
化合物96 | 5 |
化合物107 | 8 |
化合物109 | 15 |
化合物130 | 2 |
化合物145 | 12 |
化合物158 | 12 |
化合物179 | 18 |
化合物180 | 8 |
本发明化合物具有非常好的PDE9酶学抑制活性,具有潜在的临床应用价值。
实验例2本发明化合物的肝微粒体稳定性评价
测试物:本发明化合物和国际专利申请WO2017019723A1的化合物I-8(参照WO2017019723A1中合成实施例制备),其结构式如下:
温孵体系的构成:
化合物配制:
精确称取适量化合物,用DMSO溶解配成5.0mM储备液。将5.0mM的储备液,用DMSO稀释成1.0mM,最后用水稀释成10μM的化合物工作溶液,待用(反应体系中DMSO含量为0.1%,v/v)。
试验步骤:
(1).从-80℃冰箱中取出肝微粒体(20mg蛋白/mL),置于37℃水浴恒温振荡器上预温孵3min,融化待用。
(2).按照上面“实验温孵体系的构成”比例,制备温孵体系混合溶液(不含化合物和β-NADPH),置于37℃水浴恒温振荡器上预孵育2min。
3).对照组(不含β-NADPH):分别取30μL水和30μL化合物工作溶液(10μM)加入到240μL步骤(2)所述温孵体系混合液中,涡旋30s,混匀,反应总体积300μL,平行样2份。放入到37℃水浴恒温振荡器中进行孵育,并开始计时,取样时间点为0min和60min。
4).样品组:分别取70μLβ-NADPH溶液(10mM)和70μL化合物工作溶液(10μM)加入560μL步骤(2)所述混合溶液中,反应总体积700μL,涡旋30s,混匀,平行样2份。放入到37℃水浴恒温振荡器中进行孵育,并开始计时,取样时间点为计时后0min,5min,10min,20min,30min,60min。
(5).涡旋3min后,4000rpm离心10min。
(6).取上清液50μL加入150μL水,涡旋混匀,LC/MS/MS进样分析。
数据分析:
用下列一级动力学公式计算半衰期(t1/2)和清除率(Cl):
Ct=C0*e–kt
t1/2=ln2/k=0.693/k
Clint=Vd*k
Vd=1/肝微粒体中蛋白含量
注:k为化合物剩余量的对数与时间作图的斜率,Vd为表观分布容积,C0为0h药物浓度。
结果:
本发明化合物的大鼠肝微粒体稳定性实验
CLint(mL/min/mg) | t1/2(min) | |
化合物I-8 | 0.0292 | 47.5 |
化合物96 | 0.0072 | 193 |
化合物109 | 0.0030 | 462 |
化合物130 | 0.0082 | 169 |
化合物145 | 0.0108 | 128 |
化合物180 | 0.0242 | 57.3 |
从上述结果可以看出本发明化合物较现有技术化合物在大鼠肝微粒体有较低的清除率。
Claims (13)
1.通式(II)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体:
R2选自卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、C1-6烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基;
L为键;
环A选自
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、羟基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基;
m为0、1或2。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,
其中,
R2选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基取代;
L为键;
环A选自环A通过N原子与L相连接;
每个R1分别独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基;
m为0、1或2。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,
环A选自
4.如权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,
其中,
R2选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、环丙基取代;
L为键;
环A为
每个R1分别独立地选自C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基;
m为0、1或2。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,
环A选自
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,
其中,
R2选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基,其中所述C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氨羰基未被取代或任选被一至多个独立选自羟基、C1-4烷基、环丙基的基团取代;
L为键;
环A选自
m为0、1或2。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,其中R2为卤素,C1-4烷氨羰基,任选被一至多个独立选自羟基或C3-6环烷基取代的C1-4烷基,或任选被C1-4烷氧基取代的C1-4烷氧基。
8.如权利要求7所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,其中,R2为溴,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,被羟基取代的异丙基,甲基氨基羰基,或被羟基和环丙基取代的甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,被甲氧基取代的乙氧基。
9.如权利要求4所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,其中,m(R1)位于环A被L取代位点的对位,R1为C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基,且m=2。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,选自如下结构的化合物:
11.含有权利要求1-10任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体,及一种或多种第二治疗活性剂的药物组合物,所述的第二治疗活性剂为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、淀粉样蛋白-β、淀粉样蛋白-β的抗体、α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、β-肾上腺素受体阻断剂、抗胆碱能药、抗惊厥药、安定药、钙通道阻断剂、儿茶酚-O转甲基酶抑制剂、中枢神经系统刺激剂、皮质类固醇、多巴胺受体激动剂、多巴胺受体拮抗剂、多巴胺再摄入抑制剂、γ-氨基丁酸受体激动剂、免疫调节剂、、干扰素、左旋多巴、N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、毒蕈碱受体激动剂、烟碱受体激动剂、神经保护药物、去甲肾上腺素再摄入抑制剂、β-分泌酶抑制剂、γ-分泌酶抑制剂、血清素1A受体拮抗剂、血清素6受体拮抗剂、血清素再摄入抑制剂和营养因子。
12.含有权利要求1-10任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体的药物制剂,所述药物制剂包含一种或多种药用载体。
13.权利要求1-10任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、互变异构体或权利要求11所述的药物组合物或权利要求12所述的药物制剂在制备治疗或者预防由PDE9介导的相关疾病的药物中的用途。
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