CN111410319A - Bioremediation method for water eutrophication - Google Patents
Bioremediation method for water eutrophication Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410319A CN111410319A CN202010337304.2A CN202010337304A CN111410319A CN 111410319 A CN111410319 A CN 111410319A CN 202010337304 A CN202010337304 A CN 202010337304A CN 111410319 A CN111410319 A CN 111410319A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bioremediation method for water eutrophication, which is characterized in that daphnia magna, watermifoil and azolla laggera are introduced into a target water body, and meanwhile, turelia is planted on the surrounding soil of the target water body to carry out water body remediation and purification. The invention utilizes cladocera organisms, the foxtail algae, the azolla laggera and the veronica viridifolia to comprehensively purify and improve the water body, is more close to a natural aquatic ecosystem, has strong practicability, can absorb nutrient substances such as TN, TP and the like from the water body and bottom mud, regulates the material circulation speed of the aquatic ecosystem, increases the diversity of the water body organisms, controls the excessive outbreak of algae, improves the water quality, has the practical functions of economy, high efficiency, landscaping and the like, and is an effective way for treating, regulating and inhibiting the eutrophication of the water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environment, and particularly relates to a bioremediation method for water eutrophication.
Background
The eutrophication of the water body refers to the phenomenon that the content of nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is excessive, the oxygen content of the water body is reduced due to the mass propagation of algae in the eutrophication, and the water quality is deteriorated to cause the mass death of organisms in the eutrophication. The water environment pollution not only harms the health of human beings, but also restricts the social and economic development. From the beginning of the 20 th century to the present, a great deal of research is made on water eutrophication at home and abroad, and corresponding water body remediation strategies and measures are continuously perfected and increased. The existing methods for removing algae and purifying water quality mainly comprise four methods: (1) the physical purification method mainly comprises three technologies of artificial oxygenation, sediment dredging and water diversion dilution; (2) the chemical purifying method mainly comprises three technologies of chemical agent algae removal, flocculation precipitation and heavy metal fixation, wherein a coagulant is usually used in combination with an algae removal agent, and simazine, PAM, FeCl and the like are common agents; (3) the biological purification method mainly comprises two measures of microbial remediation and establishment of artificial wetland. (4) The natural purification method promotes the water body to exert the self-purification function. The above methods all produce inhibiting effect on water eutrophication. The reasonable restoration technology can regulate and control the aquatic ecological structure, so that the aquatic ecological system is restored to a healthy and stable state, and the benign and sustainable circulation of the water body environment is maintained.
However, the methods have respective defects, wherein the manual oxygenation in the physical purification method needs equipment maintenance and has short effective time and large consumption of manpower and material resources; the number and density of benthonic animals are reduced due to artificial activities such as mud digging and the like, the benthonic animals are generally used in severely polluted river sections, and the application range and the time efficiency are very limited; the diversion dilution adopts a mode of taking and using the water for different places, has high technical cost, is limited by conditions of water transfer times and water transfer duration, and cannot be used as a conventional repair means; the chemical algaecide in the chemical purification method can not clear out nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like out of the water body, and the algae in the water can generate drug resistance due to long-term use of the low-concentration algaecide; the flocculation precipitation has conditional limit on the pH value of the water body of the tested river; the heavy metal fixing method is to add alkaline substances into rivers, but the dosage needs to be controlled, otherwise, the environment is negatively influenced.
Compared with purification methods, physical and chemical purification methods have more limitations, may cause secondary damage to the environment, and have the defects of influencing the water ecological primary environment, consuming manpower and material resources and the like. However, most of the existing natural purification methods adopt single cladocera organisms for purification, and the efficiency is low, and the purification capacity is limited, so that the method with higher efficiency and higher purification capacity is provided, which is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bioremediation method for water eutrophication, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a bioremediation method for water eutrophication comprises the following steps: large daphnia, watermifoil and azolla lepigone are introduced into the target water body, and meanwhile, the vermouth is planted on the surrounding soil of the target water body.
The myriophyllum has strong adaptability and beautiful plant shape, can effectively adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water, and plays the water purification roles of allelopathy inhibiting algae and adsorbing heavy metal pollutants; lemna minor belongs to the family of Sophora tonkinensis, has thicker leaves with hairs, and the shape of the rolled leaf edge is similar to that of a rabbit ear, so that N, P in water can be effectively adsorbed, and meanwhile, the Lemna minor can be used for greening water surface landscapes; the green-reed-li is planted on the soil around the water body, so that the target water body and the soil can mutually permeate, the self-purification capacity of the water body is enhanced, and meanwhile, the landscape effect is achieved.
In some preferred embodiments, the hirsutella, the aluli emeraldii and the azolla laggera are cultured in clear water for 4 to 7 days in advance.
In some preferable implementation cases, 100-120 daphnia magna are added into every 50L target water bodies, 2-4 Delphinium plants are planted, the weight of the Delphinium plants is 40-50 g, 25-35 g of hirsutella asiatica is planted, and 12-20 g of Lemna lappa is planted.
In some preferred embodiments, the daphnia magna is domesticated by: selecting daphnia magna protospecies in a natural aquaculture pond, culturing for 25-35 days at 18.5-20.5 ℃ under the condition of full darkness, wherein culture water is mixed liquid of pond water and ultrapure water, and feeding mixed algae of Scenedesmus quadricaudatus and chlorella; and (3) breeding the same mother daphnia for more than three generations after cultivation, wherein the birth time is 6-24 h.
In some preferred embodiments, the mixed algae is a mixture of Scenedesmus quadricaudatus and Chlorella vulgaris.
In some preferable implementation cases, the mixed algae is cultured in water for 13-15 days in advance, and then inoculated into BG11 culture medium for 4-5 days, the culture temperature is 22.5-24.5 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 4000-6000 lx.
In some preferred embodiments, BG11 medium is formulated to include 6mg citric acid, 6mg ferric citrate, 1mg disodium EDTA, 0.6g sodium nitrate, 15.6mg dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 30mg magnesium sulfate, 38mg calcium chloride, 20mg sodium carbonate, 2.86mg boric acid, 1.81mg manganese chloride, 0.222mg zinc sulfate, 0.391mg sodium molybdate, 0.079mg copper sulfate, and 0.049mg cobalt nitrate per 1L medium.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a comprehensive bioremediation method of water, which utilizes cladocera organisms, foxtail algae, laggera lepigone and verelia to comprehensively purify and improve the water, is more close to a natural aquatic ecosystem, has strong practicability, can absorb nutrient substances such as TN, TP and the like from the water and bottom mud, adjust the material circulation speed of the aquatic ecosystem, increase the biological diversity of the water, control the excessive outbreak of algae, improve the water quality, has the practical functions of economy, high efficiency, landscape beautification and the like, and is an effective way for treating, adjusting and inhibiting the eutrophication of the water.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following embodiments to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
firstly, culturing various plants:
(1) selecting healthy emerald adult plants with basically consistent plant heights, cleaning sludge at roots and leaves, and culturing in clear water for 4-7 days;
(2) selecting healthy plants of the myriophyllum, washing off silt on the surfaces of the plants, cleaning, cutting 40cm long branches, and putting the plants into clear water for culturing for 4-7 days;
(3) selecting healthy Lemna bicolor plants, picking off black and yellow rotten leaves, and putting the plants into clear water for culturing for 4-7 days;
(4) selecting Scenedesmus quadricaudatus and chlorella vulgaris, putting the Scenedesmus quadricaudatus and chlorella vulgaris into clear water, culturing for 13-15 days to enable the Chlorella quadricaudatus and chlorella vulgaris to reach a logarithmic phase, then inoculating the Chlorella quadricaudatus and chlorella vulgaris into a BG11 culture medium, and culturing for 4-5 days at the temperature of 23.5 +/-1.0 ℃ and under the illumination intensity of 4000 lx-6000 lx;
the BG11 culture medium comprises 6mg of citric acid, 6mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 1mg of EDTA disodium, 0.6g of sodium nitrate, 15.6mg of dipotassium phosphate, 30mg of magnesium sulfate, 38mg of calcium chloride, 20mg of sodium carbonate, 2.86mg of boric acid, 1.81mg of manganese chloride, 0.222mg of zinc sulfate, 0.391mg of sodium molybdate, 0.079mg of copper sulfate and 0.049mg of cobalt nitrate per 1L of culture medium, and is prepared by the following steps:
a. dissolving 0.3g of citric acid, 0.3g of ferric ammonium citrate and 0.05g of EDTA disodium in water, and fixing the volume to 100m L;
b. dissolving 30g of sodium nitrate, 0.78g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate in water, and fixing the volume to 1000m L;
c. dissolving 1.9g of calcium chloride in water, and metering to 100m L;
d. 2g of sodium carbonate is dissolved in water, and the volume is fixed to 100m L;
e. dissolving 2.86g of boric acid, 1.81g of manganese chloride, 0.222g of zinc sulfate, 0.391g of cobalt molybdate, 0.079g of copper sulfate and 0.049g of cobalt nitrate in water, and fixing the volume to 1000m L;
then respectively taking 2, 20, 2, 1 and 1m L from a, b, c, d and e, mixing, fixing the volume to 1000m L, adjusting the pH to about 7.4, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the product.
Domesticating daphnia magna:
selecting daphnia magna protospecies in a natural aquaculture pond, placing the daphnia magna protospecies in a biochemical culture cabinet at the temperature of 18.5-20.5 ℃ under the condition of full darkness for culturing for 25-35 days, wherein culture water is mixed liquid of pond water and ultrapure water, the ultrapure water is added once every 5 days to supplement evaporated water, and the mixed algae of Scenedesmus quadricauda and chlorella is fed once every 2 days (so that the daphnia magna generates ingestion dependency on the same algae), so that sufficient nutrition is provided to ensure the stable reproduction condition of the daphnia magna. And removing the killed daphnia in time, and selecting the same mother daphnia to breed more than three generations of daphnia magna with the birth time of 6-24 h after cultivation.
Thirdly, bioremediation of eutrophic water body:
12 barrels (marked with barrel numbers and water level lines) are filled in soil to enclose a circle, then eutrophic water 50L is filled in the soil circle, wherein 3 barrels are set as experimental groups, 3 barrels are set as control groups 1-3, 3 barrels are set as control groups 4-6, 3 barrels are set as control groups 7-9, and the temperature of the experimental site is 23.3-24.6 ℃.
Experiment groups 1-3, adding 110 daphnia magna, 15g of lagochilus lagochiensis, 30g of hirsutella foxtail and scenedesmus tetracaudatum (initial algae density is 3.25 × 10)6The seeds/m L is used for simulating water body of natural environment), 3 plants of Delelix are planted on the soil, and each plant is about 15 g;
1-3 of a control group, adding 110 daphnia magna and scenedesmus tetracaudatus (initial algae density is 3.25 × 10)6M L, water body for simulating natural environment);
4-6 of a control group, adding 110 daphnia magna and scenedesmus tetracaudatus (initial algae density is 3.25 × 10) into the eutrophic water body6The seeds/m L is used for simulating water body of natural environment), 3 plants of Delelix are planted on the soil, and each plant is about 15 g;
7-9 of a control group, adding 110 daphnia magna, 30g of myriophyllum and scenedesmus tetracaudatus (initial algae density is 3.25 × 10) into the eutrophic water body6M L, water body for simulating natural environment);
the treatment was carried out as described above for a 25 day test period, and the water samples were then tested on day 0 and day 25 respectively (averaged for both the test and control groups) with regular additions of tap water per barrel to evaporate the water consumed.
As shown in Table 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that the eutrophic water body is treated by the method of the present invention, the TN removal rate of the water is 72.43%, and NH content of the water is4 +The N removal rate reaches 95.82 percent, the TP removal rate reaches 38.22 percent, and the BOD removal rate reaches 16.46 percent. The eutrophication level of the water body is obviously reduced, the water quality standards of surface water and lake water are met, and the action efficiency is higher compared with that of single cladocera organisms.
In addition, the plants are detected, the growth vigor of the three plants is good, the average plant height of the green reed li is increased by 23.86%, and the average fresh weight is increased by 3.34%; the average plant length of the myriophyllum is increased by 32.03%, and the longest root length is increased by 563.55%; the average fresh weight is increased by 37.19 percent; the average fresh weight of the duckweed is increased by 85.17 percent. The composite plant community can adapt to the environment and play a role in decontaminating and inhibiting algae together with daphnia magna. The method not only achieves the purification effect on the eutrophic water body, but also promotes the stable growth of the animals and plants by the symbiotic environment of the phytoplankton and the plants, thereby forming an ecological balance aquatic ecological environment.
TABLE 1
Claims (7)
1. A bioremediation method for water eutrophication is characterized by comprising the following steps: large daphnia, watermifoil and duckweed are introduced into the target water body, and the vermouth is planted in the surrounding soil of the target water body.
2. The bioremediation method of claim 1, wherein the armpit algae, the vermouth and the azolla are pre-cultured in clear water for 4 to 7 days.
3. The bioremediation method according to claim 1, wherein 100-120 daphnia magna are added to each 50L target water, 2-4 turelia are planted, the weight is 40-50 g, 25-35 g of hirsutella are planted, and 12-20 g of azolla lepigone is planted.
4. The bioremediation method of claim 1, wherein the daphnia magna is domesticated by: selecting daphnia magna protospecies in a natural aquaculture pond, culturing for 25-35 days at 18.5-20.5 ℃ under the condition of full darkness, wherein culture water is mixed liquid of pond water and ultrapure water, and feeding mixed algae; and (3) breeding the same mother daphnia for more than three generations after cultivation, wherein the birth time is 6-24 h.
5. The bioremediation method of claim 4, wherein the mixed algae is a mixture of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris.
6. The bioremediation method of claim 4, wherein the mixed algae are cultured in water for 13-15 days in advance, and then inoculated into BG11 medium for 4-5 days at a temperature of 22.5-24.5 ℃ and with an illumination intensity of 4000-6000 lx.
7. The bioremediation method of claim 6, wherein the BG11 medium is formulated to include 6mg citric acid, 6mg ferric ammonium citrate, 1mg disodium EDTA, 0.6g sodium nitrate, 15.6mg dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 30mg magnesium sulfate, 38mg calcium chloride, 20mg sodium carbonate, 2.86mg boric acid, 1.81mg manganese chloride, 0.222mg zinc sulfate, 0.391mg sodium molybdate, 0.079mg copper sulfate, and 0.049mg cobalt nitrate per 1L medium.
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