CN111408367A - 从烃料流中去除硫醇的催化剂和方法 - Google Patents
从烃料流中去除硫醇的催化剂和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111408367A CN111408367A CN202010016947.7A CN202010016947A CN111408367A CN 111408367 A CN111408367 A CN 111408367A CN 202010016947 A CN202010016947 A CN 202010016947A CN 111408367 A CN111408367 A CN 111408367A
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- catalyst
- mercaptans
- butene
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- hydrogen
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种催化剂,其用于在高级二烯烃(特别是C5二烯)存在下,从烃料流(特别是C4料流)中去除硫醇和任选存在的二硫化物(如果存在)的方法。同时,本发明还涉及通过用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化,在一个实施方案中,在1‑丁烯的存在下,从烃料流(特别是C4料流)中去除硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)的方法,其中该方法是在高级二烯烃(特别是C5二烯)存在下,在加入氢气的反应器中进行的。
Description
本发明涉及一种催化剂,其用于在高级二烯烃(特别是C5二烯)存在下,从烃料流(特别是C4料流)中去除硫醇和任选存在的二硫化物的方法。同时,本发明还涉及通过用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化,在一个实施方案中,在1-丁烯的存在下,从烃料流(特别是C4料流)中去除硫醇的方法,其中该方法是在高级二烯烃(特别是C5二烯)存在下,在加入氢气的反应器中进行的。
C4烃的混合物是下游石油化学工业的原材料。它们来自蒸汽裂化器(steamcrackers)(所谓的“裂化C4”)或来自流体催化裂化器(fluid catalytic crackers)(所谓的“FCC C4”)。不同来源的C4烃的混合物也可购得,所谓的“C4馏分(C4 cut)”。为了利用各个组分,C4混合物需要分成它们具有最高可能纯度的成分。
硫醇是R-SH类化合物,其中R是烃基,S是硫,H是氢。硫醇(mercaptans)也被称为硫醇(thiols)。硫醇的重要代表是甲基硫醇和乙基硫醇,也分别称为甲硫醇和乙硫醇。在本发明的上下文中,二硫化物是具有S-S键的有机化合物。重要的代表是二甲基二硫化物。硫醇在C4烃混合物中以至多200ppm作为不希望的伴随物质出现。
来自催化裂化器(FCC C4)或蒸汽裂化器(裂化C4)的工业C4烃混合物通常不仅含有饱和和单不饱和的化合物,而且还含有多不饱和化合物。在可以从这些混合物分离各化合物之前,通常需要尽可能完全地去除其他化合物。这可以通过物理方法进行,例如蒸馏、萃取蒸馏或萃取,但也可以通过选择性化学转化要去除的组分来完成。在此必须特别注意到存在于C4烃混合物中的污染物(诸如含氧组分、含氮组分和含硫组分)的最充分可能的去除,因为这些污染物作为催化剂毒物可能对各个工艺步骤具有不利影响。尽管这些污染物通常仅以痕量存在于裂化C4中,但是在FCC C4料流中,它们也可能以更高浓度存在。
原材料的组成可根据材料的来源显著变化。所列出的C4组分另外伴随有具有更少或更多碳原子的烃和少量污染物,诸如硫醇、硫化物、二硫化物以及含氮化合物和含氧化合物。
在一个变型中,FCC C4可被后处理,使得异丁烷的浓度首先通过蒸馏步骤降低。同时,将混合物中存在的低沸点物(例如C3烃、轻质含氧、含氮和含硫化合物)去除或最小化。在塔中发生的以下步骤中,所有高沸点物(例如C5烃、重质含氧、含氮和含硫化合物)经由底部去除。在下一步骤中,去除异丁烯,例如通过使其与甲醇反应而得到甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),后者通过蒸馏去除。如果要获得纯异丁烯,则随后可裂解(cleave)甲基叔丁基醚以得到异丁烯和甲醇。
为了进一步后处理C4混合物,仍残留的多不饱和化合物必须通过选择性加氢方法转化为相应的单不饱和化合物。然后可以通过蒸馏以足够的纯度去除1-丁烯和剩余的异丁烷,并对剩余的2-丁烯和正丁烷进行进一步后处理。通常,通过二聚将2-丁烯转化为辛烯,然后通过加氢甲酰化和加氢将其转化为增塑剂醇。饱和C4烃可用作例如用于气溶胶的推进剂。
如果在去除1-丁烯之前的选择性加氢方法没有将多不饱和化合物的浓度降低到小于10ppm的值,则不满足在聚合中使用的1-丁烯的纯度要求。多不饱和化合物还抑制用于2-丁烯的二聚的催化剂的催化活性。
对用于多不饱和烃的选择性加氢的方法中的选择性的要求特别高,因为过度加氢,即单不饱和化合物的加氢,或末端双键异构化为内部双键导致有价值产物的破坏。在已经具有低含量多不饱和化合物的料流的精细纯化中,多不饱和化合物的浓度必须同时进一步降低到低于10重量ppm(ppm by weight)的值。
在催化性C4料流的情况下,现在可能发生的是,除了在去除低沸点物期间已经通过蒸馏去除的轻质含硫组分(例如H2S、COS或MeSH)和较高沸点硫化合物(诸如在C5塔中稍后去除的二甲基二硫化物)之外,还存在硫醇型中间沸点物(例如乙硫醇)。这些不能容易地通过蒸馏从C4料流中去除。在C4料流的后处理期间存在硫醇是不希望的或干扰后处理。
如果硫醇(例如乙硫醇)和任选存在的二硫化物存在于用于选择性加氢的进料中,则它们抑制1,3-丁二烯的催化转化。这意味着支化的多不饱和化合物可以存在于随后的产物(例如1-丁烯)中并且损害其纯度。如果由于硫醇含量引起的选择性加氢中转化率不足,多不饱和化合物进入用于正丁烯的低聚的进料中,则它们使低聚催化剂失活。
已知将选择性加氢催化剂与含硫组分一起进料可导致形成加氢异构化活性催化剂。用于选择性加氢的进料中存在的硫醇可导致形成这种加氢异构化催化剂,导致1-丁烯不希望地异构化为2-丁烯。
DE 10 2012 212 317 A1相应地提出了一种使用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化的方法,使用含有钯作为催化活性金属的多相催化剂,并添加氢,氢与多不饱和烃以限定的比例使用。在DE 10 2012 212 317 A1中同样给出了关于从烃料流中去除硫醇的进一步的现有技术的详细描述。
然而,其中使用的催化剂的缺点是硫醇的硫醚化被存在的高级二烯烃(诸如C5二烯,特别是异戊二烯)抑制,并且不进行到完成(proceed to completion)。这意味着硫醇(诸如乙硫醇和/或甲硫醇)保留在烃料流中,并且可能导致已经描述的问题。
此外,如果同时存在异戊二烯和/或其他长链多不饱和烃,则可能存在于C4料流中的二硫化物诸如二甲基二硫化物被裂解成两个当量(two equivalents)的甲硫醇。这导致硫醇含量实际上增加,而不是通过硫醚化被降低。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种催化剂,即使在高级二烯烃存在下,也导致存在于烃料流中的硫醇和任选存在的二硫化物(如果存在)的(几乎)完全转化,即,包括可能另外通过二硫化物裂解(cleavage)原位形成的硫醇。另一个目的是提供一种方法,该方法不受上述问题的影响,并且使得硫醇的硫醚化,特别是进行到完成成为可能。
通过根据权利要求1的本发明的催化剂和根据权利要求6的方法来实现该目的。在从属权利要求中指定了优选实施方案。
本发明提供一种在高级二烯烃的存在下,从烃料流中去除硫醇和任选存在的二硫化物(如果存在)的多相催化剂,其中该催化剂是壳催化剂(shell catalyst),其中该催化剂包含作为载体材料的氧化铝、硅胶或活性炭以及作为催化活性金属的钯和铂,并且其中该催化剂具有至多2.0重量%,优选至多1.0重量%,更优选至多0.5重量%的钯浓度,至多1.0重量%,优选至多0.5重量%,更优选至多0.2重量%的铂浓度,以及至少70%的总金属分散率(total metal dispersion)。针对钯和铂浓度的所述值在每种情况下都是参照总催化剂。术语“壳催化剂”是指催化剂的形式,其中芯由载体材料组成,在该载体材料上通过喷涂工艺和随后的煅烧施加Pd/PdO和Pt/PtO的壳,在每种情况下,所述壳的层厚度和进入所述载体的深度仅为几μm。
所述烃料流优选包含C2-C8烯烃,更优选C3-C6烯烃,且最优选C4烯烃。待纯化硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)的烃料流特别是C4烃料流(C4料流)。合适的烯烃包括α-烯烃、正烯烃和环烯烃,优选正烯烃。在优选的实施方案中,烯烃是正丁烯。所述烯烃通常不以纯的形式使用,而是作为工业上可获得的混合物,例如所提到的裂化C4或FCC C4。因此,在本发明中另外使用的术语烃料流应理解为意指含有相关烯烃的任何类型的混合物,所述烯烃的量使得能够经济地进行纯化的下游的可能工艺步骤。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“高级二烯烃”是指至少C5二烯或具有多于5个碳原子的二烯烃。高级二烯烃优选为C5二烯,特别是异戊二烯。二烯烃通常以低浓度存在于根据本发明的待纯化硫醇的工业烃料流中。与例如丁二烯相比,高级二烯烃在选择性加氢中进行反应的难度更大(也参见WO 2012/004081A1),这意味着在硫醚化中C5二烯对反应的抑制也是合理(plausible)的。
在本发明的方法中使用的催化剂是由载体材料和作为催化活性金属的钯和铂组成的壳催化剂,通过该壳催化剂可以将烃料流中的硫醇完全转化为硫醚。载体材料例如是氧化铝、硅胶或活性炭。所使用的载体材料优选是氧化铝。
所述催化剂具有至多2.0重量%,优选至多1.0重量%,更优选至多0.5重量%的钯浓度。所述催化剂同时具有至多1.0重量%,优选至多0.5重量%,更优选0.2重量%的铂浓度。
催化剂的内表面积(根据DIN ISO 9277通过气体吸附法测定)优选为50m2/g至400m2/g,更优选在100m2/g和300m2/g之间,特别优选在200m2/g和300m2/g之间。
在优选的实施方案中,所述催化剂另外具有至少0.5m2/g,优选至少1.0m2/g,更优选至少1.5m2/g的总金属表面积(根据AN-SOP 1954第1版通过CO脉冲化学吸附法测定)。总金属表面积小于所示数值导致催化剂活性的降低。
根据本发明的催化剂具有至少70%,优选至少80%的总金属分散率。总金属分散率表示金属/金属氧化物在表面上分散有多好。表面上的分散率可以通过在催化剂制备期间用Pd/Pt盐溶液喷涂载体材料的持续时间和强度来控制。这里的“分散体”是指分散相(Pd/Pt)和分散介质(载体)的多相混合物(heterogeneous mixture)。表面上的分散率越高,催化剂的活性越高。令人惊讶地发现,如果总金属分散率低于70%,则不能实现硫醇的完全转化。
本发明进一步提供了通过用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化,在至少一种高级二烯烃的存在下,从烃料流中去除硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)的方法,其中所述方法在加入氢气的反应器中进行,其中氢气与多不饱和烃的摩尔比不大于1。该方法使用包含钯和铂作为催化活性金属的前述多相催化剂,其中所述催化剂具有至多2.0重量%,优选至多1.0重量%,更优选至多0.5重量%的钯浓度,至多1.0重量%,优选至多0.5重量%,更优选至多0.2重量%的铂浓度,以及至少70%,优选至少80%的总金属分散率。针对钯和铂浓度的所述值在每种情况下都是参照总催化剂。
烃料流优选包含C2-C8烯烃,更优选C3-C5烯烃,且最优选C4烯烃。待纯化硫醇和二硫化物的烃料流特别是C4烃料流(C4料流)。合适的烯烃包括α-烯烃、正烯烃和环烯烃,优选正烯烃。在优选的实施方案中,烯烃是正丁烯。烯烃通常不以纯的形式使用,而是作为工业上可获得的混合物,例如所提到的裂化C4或FCC C4。因此,在本发明中另外使用的术语烃料流应理解为意指含有相关烯烃的任何类型的混合物,所述烯烃的量使得能够经济地进行纯化的下游的可能工艺步骤。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“高级二烯烃”是指至少C5二烯或具有多于5个碳原子的二烯烃。高级二烯烃优选为C5二烯,特别是异戊二烯。二烯烃通常以低浓度存在于根据本发明待纯化硫醇的工业烃料流中。与丁二烯(也参见WO 2012/004081A1)相比,高级二烯烃在选择性加氢中进行反应的难度更大,这意味着在硫醚化中C5二烯对反应的抑制也是合理的。
通过使用包含钯和铂作为催化活性金属的多相催化剂,根据本发明的方法能够将硫醇完全转化成高沸点硫醚,同时几乎完全抑制1-丁烯向内丁烯(internal butenes)的显著异构化并完全防止丁烯的加氢。如果1-丁烯在烃料流中的浓度高于1-丁烯双键异构化为2-丁烯的热力学平衡时的浓度,则1-丁烯通过异构化转化为2-丁烯和/或加氢为正丁烷的转化率小于5%,优选小于3%,最优选小于2%。
已经发现,在多不饱和烃和氢气存在下,硫醇可以被转化为低于检出限的较高沸点硫醚,而1-丁烯的异构化被极大地抑制,并且丁烯的加氢被完全避免。硫醇的检出限目前为约50ppbw,即按重量计50×10-9的比例。
在本发明的上下文中,必须注意,相对于烃混合物中存在的多不饱和烃,在所述方法中使用的氢气的量最大为1(等摩尔)。氢气与多不饱和烃的摩尔比优选在0.01和0.8之间。其更优选在0.1和0.5之间。
该方法的主要优点是,低氢气含量意味着C4料流中存在的1-丁烯进行非常少的异构化并且保持可用作有价值的产物。仅通过对于进料中存在的氢气的量所必须严格满足的限制,可以得到一种方法,其中用多不饱和C4烃将硫醇醚化为高沸点硫醚至低于50ppbw的浓度,这不需要伴随进料中同样存在的单不饱和丁烯的加氢和1-丁烯的显著异构化。然而,不可能完全省略氢气,因为没有氢气就没有硫醇的转化。
根据本发明的方法的另一个优点是,即使在高级二烯烃的存在下,它也导致硫醇的完全转化。
用硫醇硫醚化的多不饱和烃优选为1,3-丁二烯和/或丁-3-烯-1-炔(but-3-en-1-yne)和/或1,2-丁二烯。这些二烯烃和乙炔特别地在FCC C4中仅以少量存在,并且在任何情况下必须在下游完全加氢,因此不再可用作有价值的产物。在具有高1,3-丁二烯含量的裂化C4料流中,首先在单独的工艺中去除1,3-丁二烯并使用。然后可将保留在C4料流中的残余丁二烯用于硫醚化。
该方法的另一个特别的优点是,除了高反应性硫醇甲硫醇之外,更高级硫醇(例如乙硫醇)也可以进行反应并由此被去除。
在该方法中可以任选地将一氧化碳另外加入到烃混合物中。基于烃混合物的质量,进料中一氧化碳的含量在这种情况下在0.05和20ppm一氧化碳之间。加入的一氧化碳的量优选在0.5和5ppm之间。高于20ppm的计量的量没有进一步改善结果。一氧化碳被单独计量加入到反应器中或与进料的C4料流混合加入。一氧化碳可作为额外的慢化剂(moderator),减少1-丁烯向2-丁烯的异构化。
反应器进料的入口温度优选在0至180℃的范围,更优选在60℃至150℃的范围,特别优选在80℃至130℃的范围。压力优选在2巴至50巴的范围,更优选在6巴至40巴的范围,特别优选在10巴至30巴的范围。在优选的实施方案中,氢气已经完全溶解在烃料流中。在这种情况下,必须选择压力以使得氢气保持完全溶解并且在反应器中不产生气相。
硫醚化优选以液相方法操作。这意味着所有组分在液相中存在于催化剂处或以液体形式引入反应器中。特别地,这意味着氢气和任选存在的一氧化碳完全溶解在液相中。因此将氢气以精细分散的形式添加到烃混合物中,并且其量使得液相在进料到反应器中之前总是均匀的。
待醚化的烃混合物可以含有在0.01至200重量ppm范围内的硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)。硫醚化可以在一个或多个反应阶段中进行。如果硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)在进料中的含量如此高,以致所需的氢气的量不再可溶于进料中,则可以通过循环稀释进料。可选地,氢气可以分布在反应器长度上或各个反应阶段上以几个部分添加。
在将硫醇(包括由任选存在的二硫化物形成的硫醇)转化为高沸点硫醚之后,通过蒸馏去除这些硫醚是可能的。由此,剩余的C4烃混合物的硫醚含量可以降低到低于50重量ppb。与硫醚化反应器上游的低沸点物的可能去除和硫醚化反应器下游的高沸点物的蒸馏一起,这意味着从C4烃混合物中完全去除所有含硫组分是可能的。
多不饱和烯烃的浓度可以通过气相色谱法在线测量,从而允许精确地由此设定氢气的量。这同样适用于硫化合物。
该方法优选用于源自催化裂化器(FCC C4)或蒸汽裂化器(裂化C4)的含硫醇的C4烃混合物。当然也可以处理C4馏分。
用作进料的C4烃混合物优选最初通过蒸馏进行低沸点物,特别是异丁烷的去除。可选地,在去除异丁烷之前采用该方法。
下文通过实施例阐明本发明。然而,这些实施例仅仅是说明性的,且不应被认为是限制性的。
实施例1(非本发明):
用540mL催化剂填充管式反应器,所述催化剂含有在Al2O3上的0.5重量%的Pd。C4混合物在90℃和20巴压力下以连续的4kg/h通过反应器。C4混合物具有以下组成:
0.5重量%的1,3-丁二烯、13.8重量%的丁烷、40.3重量%的2-丁烯、20.3重量%的1-丁烯、22.0重量%的异丁烯和3.1重量%的C5烃,以及120重量ppm的异戊二烯、2.8重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和6.0重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
在反应器上游向该混合物中计量加入4.4Nl/h的氢气。来自反应器的排出物的组成如下:
0.4重量%的1,3-丁二烯、14.1重量%的丁烷、40.3重量%的2-丁烯、20.3重量%的1-丁烯、21.8重量%的异丁烯和3.1重量%的C5烃,以及100重量ppm的异戊二烯、0.7重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和2.2重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。还检测到1.5重量ppm的来自甲硫醇的硫和4.4重量ppm的来自高沸点化合物的硫。
这对应于75%的乙硫醇,以及38.3%的二甲基二硫化物转化为高沸点硫化合物,25%的二甲基二硫化物转化为甲硫醇。
没有实现乙硫醇的完全转化,此外,对于甲硫醇,由二甲基二硫化物形成另外的硫醇。
实施例2(本发明):
用540mL催化剂填充管式反应器,所述催化剂含有在Al2O3上的0.5重量%的Pd和0.2重量%的Pt。C4混合物在90℃和20巴压力下以连续的4kg/h通过反应器。C4混合物具有以下组成:
0.6重量%的1,3-丁二烯、12.3重量%的丁烷、40.5重量%的2-丁烯、19.5重量%的1-丁烯、23.8重量%的异丁烯和3.3重量%的C5烃,以及95重量ppm的异戊二烯、3.4重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和3.2重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
在反应器上游向该混合物中计量加入4.4Nl/h的氢气。来自反应器的排出物的组成如下:
0.5重量%的1,3-丁二烯、12.6重量%的丁烷、39.5重量%的2-丁烯、19.5重量%的1-丁烯、24.6重量%的异丁烯和3.3重量%的C5烃,以及80重量ppm的异戊二烯、0.0重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和1.2重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫,以及5.4重量ppm的来自高沸点化合物的硫。
未检测到甲硫醇。这对应于100%的乙硫醇,以及62.5%的二甲基二硫化物转化为高沸点硫化合物。
通过使用根据本发明的催化剂,硫醇的转化率与非本发明的催化剂相比显著增加。
实施例3(非本发明):
用540mL催化剂填充管式反应器,所述催化剂含有在Al2O3上的0.5重量%的Pd和0.2重量%的Pt。该催化剂具有根据ANSOP 1954第1版通过CO脉冲化学吸附法测定的以下特征。
C4混合物在90℃和20巴压力下以连续的4kg/h通过反应器。C4混合物具有以下组成:
0.7重量%的1,3-丁二烯、13.6重量%的丁烷、40.4重量%的2-丁烯、20.3重量%的1-丁烯、22.2重量%的异丁烯和2.9重量%的C5烃,以及87重量ppm的异戊二烯、5.1重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和5.1重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
在反应器上游向该混合物中计量加入5.3Nl/h的氢气。来自反应器的排出物的组成如下:
0.4重量%的1,3-丁二烯、13.7重量%的丁烷、39.1重量%的2-丁烯、20.8重量%的1-丁烯、23.2重量%的异丁烯和2.9重量%的C5烃,以及72重量ppm的异戊二烯、1.4重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和1.7重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。另外检测到0.9重量ppm的来自甲硫醇的硫以及6.2重量ppm的来自高沸点化合物的硫。
这对应于72.5%的乙硫醇,以及35.3%的二甲基二硫化物转化为高沸点硫化合物,17.6%的二甲基二硫化物转化为甲硫醇。没有实现乙硫醇的完全转化,此外,甲硫醇意味着由二甲基二硫化物形成另外的硫醇。
实施例4(本发明):
用540mL催化剂填充管式反应器,所述催化剂含有在Al2O3上的0.5重量%的Pd和0.2重量%的Pt。该催化剂具有根据ANSOP 1954第1版通过CO脉冲化学吸附法测定的以下特征。
C4混合物在90℃和20巴压力下以连续的4kg/h通过反应器。C4混合物具有以下组成:
0.7重量%的1,3-丁二烯、13.0重量%的丁烷、39.8重量%的2-丁烯、19.2重量%的1-丁烯、23.9重量%的异丁烯和3.4重量%的C5烃,以及112重量ppm的异戊二烯、5.7重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和5.4重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
在反应器上游向该混合物中计量加入5.6Nl/h的氢气。来自反应器的排出物的组成如下:
0.4重量%的1,3-丁二烯、13.0重量%的丁烷、40.4重量%的2-丁烯、18.9重量%的1-丁烯、23.8重量%的异丁烯和3.4重量%的C5烃,以及96重量ppm的异戊二烯、0.0重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和0.7重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
未检测到甲硫醇。这对应于100%的乙硫醇,以及87%的二甲基二硫化物转化为高沸点硫化合物。
实施例5(本发明):
用540mL催化剂填充管式反应器,所述催化剂含有在Al2O3上的0.5重量%的Pd和0.2重量%的Pt。该催化剂具有根据ANSOP 1954第1版通过CO脉冲化学吸附法测定的以下特征。
C4混合物在90℃和20巴压力下以连续的4kg/h通过反应器。C4混合物具有以下组成:
0.6重量%的1,3-丁二烯、12.4重量%的丁烷、39.8重量%的2-丁烯、19.9重量%的1-丁烯、23.9重量%的异丁烯和3.8重量%的C5烃,以及124重量ppm的异戊二烯、3.3重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和2.2重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
在反应器上游向该混合物中计量加入4.4Nl/h的氢气。来自反应器的排出物的组成如下:
0.4重量%的1,3-丁二烯、12.6重量%的丁烷、39.8重量%的2-丁烯、19.7重量%的1-丁烯、23.4重量%的异丁烯和3.8重量%的C5烃,以及104重量ppm的异戊二烯、0.0重量ppm的来自乙硫醇的硫和0.6重量ppm的来自二甲基二硫化物的硫。
未检测到甲硫醇。这对应于100%的乙硫醇,以及72.7%的二甲基二硫化物转化为高沸点硫化合物。
在实施例3至5的比较中,显示当使用具有小于70%的总金属分散率的催化剂时,不能实现硫醇的完全转化。当催化剂上的总金属分散率高于70%时,仅在实施例4和5中实现完全转化。
Claims (15)
1.在高级二烯烃的存在下,从烃料流中去除硫醇和任选存在的二硫化物的多相催化剂,其中所述催化剂是壳催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂包含作为载体材料的氧化铝、硅胶或活性炭以及作为催化活性金属的钯和铂,其中所述催化剂具有至多2.0重量%的钯浓度、至多1.0重量%的铂浓度,以及至少70%的总金属分散率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多相催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂具有至多1.0重量%,优选至多0.5重量%的钯浓度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多相催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂具有至多0.5重量%,优选至多0.2重量%的铂浓度。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的多相催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂具有至少0.5m2/g,优选至少1.0m2/g,更优选至少1.5m2/g的总金属表面积。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多相催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂具有至少80%的总金属分散率。
6.通过用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化,在至少一种高级二烯烃的存在下,从烃料流中去除硫醇和二硫化物(如果存在)的方法,其中所述方法在加入氢气的反应器中进行,其中氢气与多不饱和烃的摩尔比不大于1,其特征在于,所述方法中使用的多相催化剂包含钯和铂作为催化活性金属,其中所述催化剂具有至多2.0重量%的钯浓度、至多1.0重量%的铂浓度,以及至少70%的总金属分散率。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高级二烯烃是C5二烯,优选异戊二烯。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,用多不饱和烃将硫醇硫醚化,其中所述多不饱和烃选自:1,3-丁二烯、丁-3-烯-1-炔和1,2-丁二烯。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,至少存在乙硫醇和/或甲硫醇作为硫醇。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,氢气与多不饱和烃的摩尔比在0.01和0.8之间,优选在0.1和0.5之间。
11.根据权利要求6-10中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,其是在一氧化碳存在下进行的,其中反应器进料中一氧化碳的含量基于进料的质量小于20ppm。
12.根据权利要求6-11中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应器进料的入口温度在0℃和180℃之间,优选在60℃和150℃之间,最优选在80℃和130℃之间。
13.根据权利要求6-12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,其以液相法操作,并且氢气完全溶解在所述液相中。
14.根据权利要求6-13中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,C4烃料流用作所述反应器的进料。
15.根据权利要求6-14中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果1-丁烯在所述烃料流中的浓度高于1-丁烯双键异构化为2-丁烯的热力学平衡时的浓度,则1-丁烯通过异构化转化为2-丁烯和/或加氢为正丁烷的转化率小于5%,优选小于3%,最优选小于2%。
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US10245578B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2019-04-02 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Chromium- and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures |
DE102017202404A1 (de) | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-16 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isophoronaminoalkohol (IPAA) |
ES2792073T3 (es) | 2017-05-23 | 2020-11-10 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Procedimiento para la producción de compuestos amínicos a partir de compuestos nitrílicos |
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- 2020-01-07 TW TW109100451A patent/TWI835968B/zh active
- 2020-01-07 EP EP20150484.2A patent/EP3680014A1/de active Pending
- 2020-01-07 KR KR1020200001837A patent/KR20200086228A/ko unknown
- 2020-01-08 CN CN202010016947.7A patent/CN111408367A/zh active Pending
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US20200216763A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
EP3680014A1 (de) | 2020-07-15 |
SG10202000058XA (en) | 2020-08-28 |
US11186782B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
KR20200086228A (ko) | 2020-07-16 |
TWI835968B (zh) | 2024-03-21 |
TW202026407A (zh) | 2020-07-16 |
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