CN111390160A - Preparation method of high-friction-coefficient brake material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-friction-coefficient brake material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111390160A CN111390160A CN202010365304.3A CN202010365304A CN111390160A CN 111390160 A CN111390160 A CN 111390160A CN 202010365304 A CN202010365304 A CN 202010365304A CN 111390160 A CN111390160 A CN 111390160A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000357293 Leptobrama muelleri Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method of a high friction coefficient brake material comprises the steps of adding alcohol into copper powder and iron powder for wet mixing, crushing the mixture into irregular powder after cold pressing; then according to the mass parts, 50-55 parts of treated copper powder and 15-20 parts of iron powder, 6-8 parts of nickel powder, 6-8 parts of titanium powder, 2-3 parts of tin powder, 3-4 parts of graphite, 1-1.5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 2.5-3.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3.5-4.5 parts of zircon sand, 2.5-3.5 parts of kaolin and 1-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate are simultaneously added with industrial alcohol and wet-mixed in a Y-shaped mixer; finally, cold press molding, cutting steel backing, hot press sintering, surface treatment and packaging; the invention combines the advantages of iron-based and copper-based friction materials by using the powder metallurgy technology, and can prepare the iron-copper-based friction brake material with the friction coefficient not less than 0.6; the raw materials are safe and convenient to obtain, proper in price, simple to operate, high in efficiency and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction brake material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-friction-coefficient brake material in a powder metallurgy technology.
Background
The friction braking material is a material which utilizes friction to transmit or absorb kinetic energy, and needs to have stable friction coefficient, certain high-temperature mechanical strength, good heat-conducting property, wear resistance and anti-adhesion property, low noise, less pollution and the like according to the requirements of the working environment. Thereby meeting the performance requirements of transmission and braking of various mechanical equipment.
The metal-based friction brake material can be classified into a molten metal and a powder metallurgy material according to the composition. The molten metal such as steel, cast iron, copper alloy and the like is mainly used for early low-speed braking, but the metal monomer is easy to bond with the couple, and the friction coefficient is low and unstable under the high-speed braking working condition, so that various components are added into the monomer metal to improve the mechanical property and the friction property of the monomer metal, and elements such as P, Cr and the like are added into cast iron to improve the friction property of the monomer metal. The powder metallurgy friction material is formed by adding friction components and lubrication components into base metal and then pressing and sintering, the components of the friction materials and the lubrication components can be adjusted according to different working conditions, and the application is flexible, so that the application is wider, and for example, the powder metallurgy friction material is adopted in mining machinery, petroleum machinery, transportation, special vehicles, airplanes and the like.
The powder metallurgy friction brake material mainly comprises iron-based, copper-based, iron-copper-based and other friction materials which are widely used at present according to different matrixes, and also comprises nickel-based, molybdenum-based, beryllium-based and other novel powder metallurgy friction materials which are under development. The iron-based friction material is high-temperature resistant, can bear larger load, has high mechanical strength and is low in price; however, iron-based friction materials have a large friction coefficient and high strength, but tend to adhere to the surfaces of mating parts, and have poor friction coefficient stability and inferior wear resistance to copper-based friction materials. The copper-based friction material has the advantages of good process performance, stable friction coefficient, good anti-bonding and anti-seizing performances, good thermal conductivity, small friction coefficient and higher economic cost, and after being abandoned, the heavy metal Cu element can be activated and migrated in a large scale due to long-term stockpiling, and can generate heavy metal pollution and harm to the surrounding environment.
Along with the technical development, the power, the load and the speed of a machine are further improved, the performance requirement on a friction material is further improved, and the iron-copper-based friction material prepared by combining the advantages of iron base and copper base in the metal type friction braking material has the advantages of high temperature resistance and high matrix strength of the iron-based friction material, and simultaneously has the advantages of good heat conductivity of the copper base and stable friction coefficient, so that the consumption of copper is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced. Therefore, the invention of a novel friction material which has the advantages of the copper-based friction material and the advantages of the iron-based friction material is urgently needed to meet the strict requirements of people in modern industrial society on the comprehensive performance of the friction brake material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-friction-coefficient brake material, which combines the advantages of iron-based and copper-based friction materials by using a powder metallurgy technology to prepare an iron-copper-based friction brake material with a high friction coefficient not less than 0.6; the added auxiliary component, lubricating component and friction component do not contain harmful and dangerous chemical substances, and meet the environmental protection requirements of China, Europe and America and other countries; convenient raw material source, proper price, simple operation, higher efficiency and suitability for large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a high-friction-coefficient brake material comprises the following steps:
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the particle size of 150-; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 150-; the lubricating component is as follows: flaky graphite with the particle size of 100-; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate with the grain diameter of 60-100 meshes;
According to the mass parts, 50-55 parts of copper powder, 15-20 parts of iron powder and alcohol accounting for 2-5% of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 2-3 hours in a wet mode; then cold pressing in any steel die with the applied pressure of 2-3 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process at least for 2 times to make the particle size of the powder reach 0.2-1 mm; weighing 6-8 parts of nickel powder, 6-8 parts of titanium powder, 2-3 parts of tin powder, 3-4 parts of graphite, 1-1.5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 2.5-3.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3.5-4.5 parts of zircon sand, 2.5-3.5 parts of kaolin and 1-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate according to the mass parts, adding 0.01-0.02L/kg of industrial alcohol according to the total added mixed powder, wet mixing for 2-4 hours in a Y-shaped mixer, wherein the apparent density of the mixed powder is 2.5-4.0 g/cm3；
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and molded into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 1.5-3.5 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 4-6 tons/cm2；
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Normalizing or annealing common 20 steel with the thickness of 4-6 mm, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200HB, and cutting the common 20 steel into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the friction brake block;
step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body in the step 3 and the steel back in the step 4 according to the process holes, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, placing the tray filled with the parts into a hearth, covering a furnace cover, and applying 3-5 kg/cm2The pressure is then pressed, decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced at the speed of 2-4 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 870 ℃ at the speed of 140-;
step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and grinding the surface of the friction block after clamping to meet the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 5-15 micrometers on the surface of the steel back, wherein the friction block is heated to no more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and the high-friction-coefficient composite material is prevented from influencing the bonding strength of the steel back and the friction block due to high temperature generated by spraying.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the friction block of the brake pad prepared by the invention has the friction coefficient as high as 0.60-0.70, and does not contain harmful and toxic alloy elements which have influences on the environment. The added alloy elements react with each other in a small amount, for example, copper and iron can be partially dissolved in a solid, copper and tin form a compound, and titanium and carbon form hard phase titanium carbide, so that the solid solution strengthening and the connection strength among the phases are increased. Simple process, easy manufacture and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a brake pad of the third embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic schematic diagram of an iron-copper based friction material with different iron-copper ratios in four embodiments.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
Preparing a friction brake pad with the size of 20 × 40 × 5mm, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the particle size of 200 meshes and electrolytic copper powder; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 200 meshes; the lubricating component is as follows: flake graphite and molybdenum disulfide with the particle size of 100 meshes; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide with 100 mesh size, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate.
According to the mass parts, 55 parts of copper powder, 15 parts of iron powder and 5 percent of alcohol of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 2 hours; then cold pressing in any steel dieThe pressure applied was 3 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process for at least 2 times to ensure that the particle size of the powder reaches 0.8 mm; then according to the mass portion, 6 portions of nickel powder, 6 portions of titanium powder, 2 portions of tin powder, 3 portions of graphite, 1 portion of molybdenum disulfide, 3.5 portions of silicon carbide, 4.5 portions of zircon sand, 3 portions of kaolin and 1 portion of calcium carbonate are added, at the same time according to the mixed powder body, 0.02L/kg of industrial alcohol is added, wet-mixed for 4 hours in a Y-shaped mixer, and the loose packing density of the mixed powder body is 2.5-4.0 g/cm3。
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate 20 × 40 × 5mm, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and molded into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 3.5 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 6 tons/cm2。
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Ordinary 20 steel with the thickness of 6 mm is cut into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the manufactured friction brake block in a normalized or annealed state, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200.
Step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body in the step 3 and the steel back in the step 4 according to the process holes, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, placing the tray filled with the parts into a hearth, covering a furnace cover, and applying 5 kg/cm2The pressure is pressed, then decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced for 4 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 870 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/hour and is kept for 3 hours, then the temperature is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 400 ℃/hour, the pressure is removed, the introduced protective atmosphere is closed, and the furnace cover is opened for discharging.
Step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and after clamping, carrying out a small amount of grinding processing on the surface of the friction block to ensure that the friction block meets the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 15 micrometers on the surface of the steel back, wherein the friction block is heated to no more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and the high temperature generated by the high-friction-coefficient composite material is prevented from influencing the bonding strength of the friction block and the steel back.
Example two
Preparing a friction brake block with the size of phi 50 × 4mm, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the particle size of 150 meshes and electrolytic copper powder; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 200 meshes; the lubricating component is as follows: flake graphite and molybdenum disulfide with the particle size of 100 meshes; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide with the grain size of 60 meshes, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate.
According to the mass parts, 50 parts of copper powder, 19 parts of iron powder and alcohol accounting for 2 percent of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 3 hours; then cold pressing in any steel die with the applied pressure of 2 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process at least 2 times to make the particle size reach 0.2 mm; weighing 7 parts of nickel powder, 7 parts of titanium powder, 2 parts of tin powder, 3.5 parts of graphite, 1.5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 2.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3.5 parts of zircon sand, 2.5 parts of kaolin and 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate according to the mass parts, adding 0.01 liter/kg of industrial alcohol according to the mixed powder, wet mixing for 2-4 hours in a Y-shaped mixer, wherein the apparent density of the mixed powder is 2.5-4.0 g/cm3。
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate phi 50 × 4mm, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and molded into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 1.5 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 4 tons/cm2。
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Ordinary 20 steel with the thickness of 4mm is cut into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the manufactured friction brake block in a normalized or annealed state, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200 HB.
Step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body in the step 3 and the steel back in the step 4 according to the process holes, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, and filling the stainless steel tray with partsThe tray is put into a hearth, a furnace cover is covered, and 3 kilograms/centimeter is applied2The pressure is pressed, then decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced for 2 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 830 ℃ at the speed of 140 ℃/hour and is kept for 2 hours, then the temperature is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 300 ℃/hour, the pressure is removed, the introduced protective atmosphere is closed, and a furnace cover is opened for discharging.
Step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and after clamping, carrying out a small amount of grinding processing on the surface of the friction block to ensure that the friction block meets the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 5 microns on the surface of the steel back, heating the friction block to be not more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and preventing the high temperature generated by spraying the high-friction-coefficient composite material from influencing the bonding strength of the steel back and the friction block.
EXAMPLE III
A friction brake pad was prepared having the dimensions shown in figure 1, wherein: 1-steel backing, 2-friction block (green body), 3-fabrication hole, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the grain size of 180 meshes and electrolytic copper powder; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 200 meshes; the lubricating component is as follows: flake graphite and molybdenum disulfide with the particle size of 100 meshes; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide with 80-mesh particle size, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate.
According to the mass parts, 51 parts of copper powder, 16 parts of iron powder and alcohol accounting for 4 percent of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 2 hours; then cold pressing in any steel die with the applied pressure of 2.5 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process for at least 2 times to ensure that the particle size of the powder reaches 0.5 mm; then weighing 8 parts of nickel powder, 8 parts of titanium powder, 2.3 parts of tin powder, 3.3 parts of graphite, 1.2 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 2.7 parts of silicon carbide, 3.6 parts of zircon sand, 2.7 parts of kaolin and 1.2 parts of calcium carbonate according to the mass parts, and simultaneously adding 0.01 liter/kg of industrial alcohol according to the mixed powder in proportion "Wet mixing in a Y-shaped mixer for 3 hours, and the apparent density of the mixed powder is 3.5 g/cm3。
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and molded into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 3 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 5 tons/cm2。
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Ordinary 20 steel with the thickness of 5mm is cut into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the manufactured friction brake block in a normalized or annealed state, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200 HB.
Step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body 2 in the step 3 and the steel back 1 in the step 4 together according to the process holes 3, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, then placing the tray filled with parts into a hearth, covering a furnace cover, and applying 4 kg/cm2The pressure is pressed, then decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced for 3 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the speed of 160 ℃/hour, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours, then the temperature is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 350 ℃/hour, the pressure is removed, the introduced protective atmosphere is closed, and the furnace cover is opened for discharging.
Step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and after clamping, carrying out a small amount of grinding processing on the surface of the friction block to ensure that the friction block meets the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 10 microns on the surface of the steel back, wherein the friction block is heated to be not more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and the high temperature generated by spraying the high-friction-coefficient composite material is prevented from influencing the bonding strength of the steel back and the friction block.
Example four
A friction brake pad with the size of 40 × 40 × 8mm is prepared, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the grain size of 160 meshes and electrolytic copper powder; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 200 meshes; the lubricating component is as follows: flake graphite and molybdenum disulfide with the particle size of 100 meshes; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide with 100 mesh size, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate.
According to the mass parts, 53 parts of copper powder, 16 parts of iron powder and alcohol accounting for 3 percent of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 2 hours; then cold pressing in any steel die with the applied pressure of 3 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process for at least 2 times to ensure that the particle size of the powder reaches 0.8 mm; then according to the mass portion, 6.5 portions of nickel powder, 6.5 portions of titanium powder, 2 portions of tin powder, 3 portions of graphite, 1.3 portions of molybdenum disulfide, 3.3 portions of silicon carbide, 4.2 portions of zircon sand, 3.2 portions of kaolin and 1 portion of calcium carbonate are added, at the same time, 0.02L/kg of industrial alcohol is added according to the mixed powder, wet mixing is carried out for 4 hours in a Y-shaped mixer, and the apparent density of the mixed powder is 2.5-4.0 g/cm3。
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate 40 × 40 × 8mm, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and formed into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 2 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 5 tons/cm2。
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Ordinary 20 steel with the thickness of 5mm is cut into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the manufactured friction brake block in a normalized or annealed state, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200.
Step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body in the step 3 and the steel back in the step 4 according to the process holes, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, placing the tray filled with parts into a hearth, covering a furnace cover, and applying 4.5 kg/cm2The pressure is pressed, then decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced for 3.5 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 860 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/hour and is kept for 2.5 hours, then the temperature is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 370 ℃/hour, the pressure is removed, the introduced protective atmosphere is closed, and the furnace cover is opened for discharging.
Step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and after clamping, carrying out a small amount of grinding processing on the surface of the friction block to ensure that the friction block meets the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 8 microns on the surface of the steel back, wherein the friction block is heated to be not more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and the high temperature generated by the high-friction-coefficient composite material is prevented from influencing the bonding strength of the friction block and the steel back.
FIG. 2 and the following table show friction coefficients of iron-copper based friction materials of friction component ratios of different examples:
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method of a high-friction-coefficient brake material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, raw Material preparation
The main components are as follows: reduced iron powder with the particle size of 150-; the auxiliary components are as follows: nickel powder, titanium powder and tin powder with the particle size of 150-; the lubricating component is as follows: flaky graphite with the particle size of 100-; the friction component is as follows: irregular silicon carbide, zircon sand, kaolin and calcium carbonate with the grain diameter of 60-100 meshes;
step 2, proportioning and mixing
According to the mass parts, 50-55 parts of copper powder, 15-20 parts of iron powder and alcohol accounting for 2-5% of the total mass of the copper powder and the iron powder are mixed for 2-3 hours in a wet mode; then cold pressing in any steel die with the applied pressure of 2-3 tons/cm2Then crushing into irregular powder, repeating the process at least for 2 times to make the particle size of the powder reach 0.2-1 mm; weighing 6-8 parts of nickel powder, 6-8 parts of titanium powder, 2-3 parts of tin powder, 3-4 parts of graphite, 1-1.5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 2.5-3.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3.5-4.5 parts of zircon sand, 2.5-3.5 parts of kaolin and 1-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate according to the mass parts, adding 0.01-0.02L/kg of industrial alcohol according to the total added mixed powder, wet mixing for 2-4 hours in a Y-shaped mixer, and mixing the powderThe packing density is 2.5-4.0 g/cm3；
Step 3, cold press molding
According to the shape and size of the brake friction plate, the powder mixed in the step 2 is cold-pressed and molded into a green compact in a prefabricated steel pressing die, the powder loading is 1.5-3.5 times of the height of the green compact, and the pressing pressure is 4-6 tons/cm2；
Step 4, cutting the steel backing
Normalizing or annealing common 20 steel with the thickness of 4-6 mm, wherein the Brinell hardness is not more than 200HB, and cutting the common 20 steel into corresponding shapes and sizes according to the size of the friction brake block;
step 5, hot-pressing sintering
Stacking the green body in the step 3 and the steel back in the step 4 according to the process holes, sequentially placing the green body and the steel back on a stainless steel tray, placing the tray filled with the parts into a hearth, covering a furnace cover, and applying 3-5 kg/cm2The pressure is then pressed, decomposed ammonia or pure nitrogen is introduced at the speed of 2-4 liters/hour, the temperature is raised to 870 ℃ at the speed of 140-;
step 6, surface treatment
Placing the friction brake block sintered in the step 5 on a plane grinder, and grinding the surface of the friction block after clamping to meet the requirements of drawing size, thickness and surface precision; and then quickly and ultrasonically spraying alumina ceramic with the thickness of 5-15 micrometers on the surface of the steel back, wherein the friction block is heated to no more than 500 ℃ in the spraying process, and the high-friction-coefficient composite material is prevented from influencing the bonding strength of the steel back and the friction block due to high temperature generated by spraying.
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