CN106399743A - Super-simple component powder metallurgy friction material for high-speed train brake pad - Google Patents
Super-simple component powder metallurgy friction material for high-speed train brake pad Download PDFInfo
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- CN106399743A CN106399743A CN201610962043.7A CN201610962043A CN106399743A CN 106399743 A CN106399743 A CN 106399743A CN 201610962043 A CN201610962043 A CN 201610962043A CN 106399743 A CN106399743 A CN 106399743A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a super-simple component powder metallurgy friction material for a high-speed train brake pad. The friction material only comprises the six main components of, by mass, 40-55% of copper, 8-20% of iron, 1-10% of zirconium dioxide, 6-15% of ferrochromium, 16-22% of graphite and 1-4% of molybdenum disulfide. The prepared super-simple component powder metallurgy friction material for the high-speed train brake pad has the advantages of being super-simple in material component, simple in process, low in cost and the like. All properties meet the braking requirements of a high-speed train with the speed per hour of 200-250 km and a high-speed train with the speed per hour of 300-350 km and above, and all indexes of domestic railway industry standards and relevant provisions of the International Union of Railways (UIC) are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bullet train brake lining and powder metallurgical technology, more particularly, to a kind of bullet train brake lining is with surpassing
Simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material.
Background technology
According to domestic demand, China has been developed that the various bullet train covering speed per hour 200～250km, 300～350km
More than 20 kinds, and foundation《National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)》Send out with national " 13 "
Exhibition planning, meets the Strategic Demand of bullet train going global, is just carrying out the technical research of more speed grade bullet train.
At present, the friction material being applied to bullet train brake lining mainly has synthetic material and powdered metallurgical material.Due to height
During fast train braking, temperature height (instantaneously up to 1000 DEG C) of brake disc and brake lining, synthetic friction material is in 400 DEG C of temperatures above
The violent decay of coefficient of friction will occur, impact brake safe is it is impossible to meet bullet train high-speed and high-temperature brake request.Powder
It is good that metallurgical friction material has a thermal conductivity, heat-resist, and the heat resistanceheat resistant performance that declines is strong, long service life, and the abrasion to brake disc are little, rub
The features such as wipe stable performance, and do not affected by Service Environment such as sleet, it has been widely used in various countries' bullet train brake lining.
According to domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) relevant regulations, to for each speed class at a high speed
The powder metallurgy brake pad friction material of train proposes strict demand, and major embodiment is in several respects：
1. material requirements：Friction material does not use asbestos, lead and its compound；In friction material, Si constituent content is not more than
1%, and the total content of Al+Si element is not to be exceeded that 1%, Cr+Zr+W constituent content summation is not to be exceeded 10%.
2. Material Physics-mechanical property requirements：Specifically it is shown in Table 1
Table 1 bullet train is required with powder metallurgy brake pad friction material
3. friction wear requires
The bullet train of friction speed grade is inconsistent to the friction wear requirement of brake lining, and carried out experimental condition also differs
Cause.
I, speed per hour 200～250km bullet train are required with powder metallurgy brake pad friction material
The abrasion loss of friction material is not to be exceeded 0.35cm3/MJ；The confficient of static friction of friction material is not less than 0.35；Rub
The instantaneous coefficient of friction wiping material will ask for an interview to Fig. 1.
II, speed per hour 300～350km and above bullet train are required with powder metallurgy brake pad friction material
The abrasion loss of friction material is not to be exceeded 0.35cm3/MJ；The confficient of static friction of friction material is not less than 0.40；Rub
The instantaneous coefficient of friction wiping material will ask for an interview to Fig. 2.
Chinese patent literature CN101493127 discloses a kind of copper-based powder metallurgy high speed brake lining, each constituent element of this material
Divide according to quality, including copper powder 50～70%, bismuth meal 2～5%, graphite granule 5～11%, boron nitride 1～4%, glass putty 4～
8%th, chromium powder 1～5%, titanium valve 1～5%, nickel powder 2～6%, iron powder 3～8%, aluminum oxide 2～6%, silica 3～8%,
Zircon 2～7%.This friction material contains 12 kinds of constituent elements, and silicon, aluminium element content do not meet domestic railway systems technology and want
Ask, between 0.30～0.45, fluctuation range is larger for coefficient of friction, average wear amount is 0.284cm3/ MJ, abrasion loss is higher.
Chinese patent literature CN103244586 discloses a kind of metal-based powder metallurgy brake pad for bullet train
And preparation method thereof, each constituent element of this material divides according to quality, including copper powder 30～60%, iron powder 20～40%, graphite powder 8
～20%, molybdenum bisuphide 1～5%, tungsten 1～3%, corundum 1～3%, silica sand 1～3%, boron carbide 1～3% and carbon fiber powder
1～4%.This friction material contains 9 kinds of constituent elements, has higher mechanical strength and stable frictional behaviour, however, this friction material
The silicon of material, aluminium element content do not meet domestic railway systems technical requirements, and can produce abrasion to brake disc in use
And abrasion, have a strong impact on the service life of the use of brake disc.
Chinese patent literature CN102191014 discloses a kind of friction material of high-speed train braking, this material each
Constituent element divides according to quality, including copper powder 50～55%, iron powder 7～8%, glass putty 7～8%, nickel powder 3～4%, manganese powder 2%, chromium
Powder 3～4%, crystalline flake graphite 13～16%, carborundum 3～6% and molybdenum trioxide 3～6%.This friction material contains 9 kinds of constituent elements,
There is stable friction factor, the low advantage of wear rate, but the silicon content of material does not meet domestic railway systems technical requirements.
Chinese patent literature CN102011043 discloses a kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy material for train brake pad, should
Each constituent element of material divides according to quality, including copper powder 40～50%, iron powder 10～25%, ferromanganese breeze 8～15%, titanium dioxide
Silicon 2～7%, molybdenum bisuphide 5～9%, aluminum oxide 2～8%, boron nitride 1～5%, graphite 15～25% and polyacrylonitrile fibre
0.2～1%.This friction material contains 9 kinds of constituent elements, has excellent friction stability and heat resistance, however, this material hardness is high
And silicon, aluminium element content all do not meet domestic railway systems technical requirements.
From the foregoing, the constituent element of existing bullet train brake lining powder metallurgy friction material excessively numerous and diverse so that shadow
The factor ringing material property increases, and leads to the stability of material property and reliability to reduce, adds silica, carborundum etc. hard
Matter particle makes the thermal conductivity of material decrease, and increases the damage to brake disc, and meanwhile, constituent element complexity makes preparation technology
It is difficult to refine control, the fluctuation of material property increases, and part constituent element (as nickel, tin) is precious metal, and production cost is higher,
The elements such as silicon, aluminium do not meet technical requirements, and the hardness of material is higher, and stable friction factor is poor, brake disc are damaged larger etc.
Technological deficiency.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction of bullet train brake lining
Material so that the properties of prepared brake lining reach speed per hour 200～250km bullet train, speed per hour 300～350km and more than
The brake request of bullet train, meets domestic railway systems standard and the indices of UIC (International Union of Railways) relevant regulations,
A kind of super simple, process is simple of material constituent element and lower-cost bullet train brake lining powder metallurgy friction material are provided.
A kind of super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of present invention bullet train brake lining, described material only comprises six kinds of groups
Unit, each constituent element divides according to mass percent, including copper powder 40～55%, iron powder 8～20%, zirconium dioxide 1～10%, ferrochrome
Powder 6～15%, graphite 16～22%, molybdenum bisuphide 1～4%.
Preferably, the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train of present invention brake lining, described material
Material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, including copper powder 45～53%, iron powder 10～18%, dioxy
Change zirconium 2～8%, ferrochrome powder 8～15%, graphite 17～19%, molybdenum bisuphide 2～3%.
As further preferred version, a kind of super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of present invention bullet train brake lining
Material, described material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, by copper powder 53%, iron powder 18%, titanium dioxide
Zirconium 2%, ferrochrome powder 8%, graphite 17% and molybdenum bisuphide 2% form.
The material of further preferred version gained, according to the regulation of domestic railway systems standard and UIC, adopts 1：1
Frame testing stand carries out detection test to it, and the confficient of static friction recording described material is 0.375, and average wear amount is 0.10cm3/
MJ.
Preferably, the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train of present invention brake lining, described material
Material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, by copper powder 45%, iron powder 10%, zirconium dioxide 8%, chromium
Iron powder 15%, graphite 19% and molybdenum bisuphide 3% form.
The material of further preferred version gained, according to the regulation of domestic railway systems standard and UIC, adopts 1：1
Frame testing stand carries out detection test to it, and the confficient of static friction recording described material is 0.420, and average wear amount is 0.18cm3/
MJ.
Preferably, the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train of present invention brake lining, described two
Zirconium oxide powder is calcined powder or electric smelting powder, and its granularity is less than 250 μm.
Preferably, the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train of present invention brake lining, described chromium
In iron powder, the mass percent of each element is：Chromium 55～70%, carbon 6～10%, silicon are not more than 3% and balance of iron, its granularity
Less than 250 μm.
A kind of present invention bullet train brake lining preparation method of super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material, by design component
Join after taking each constituent element, obtain finished product through batch mixing, compressing and pressure sintering.Mixed using three-dimensional mixer during batch mixing
Material, mixes kerosene, and incorporation time is 3～5h；Using hydraulic press, mixed-powder is compressing when compressing, pressing pressure is
500～800MPa；During pressure sintering, under hydrogen shield, using pressurized sintering furnace, pressed compact is sintered, sintering temperature is
950～1000 DEG C, temperature retention time is 3h.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The friction material of the present invention employs copper, iron constituent element is matrix it is ensured that its good leading
Hot and physical and mechanical properties (being shown in Table 2), and it is not added with the precious metals such as nickel, tin, production cost is relatively low；Employ oarse-grained
, as friction component to provide suitable coefficient of friction, meanwhile, Zirconium dioxide powder is by calcination method or electricity for zirconium dioxide, ferrochrome powder
Molten method is prepared from, can stabilizing material well coefficient of friction, the ferrochrome powder of chromite preparation is by having high-temperature stability
(Cr,Fe)7C3、(Cr,Fe)23C6And the thing phase such as (CrFe) is constituted, the wearability of material can be significantly increased；Using molybdenum bisuphide
And the graphite of high-load is as lubricant component, reduces material abrasion and brake oil, prevent the damage to brake disc；The unit of material
Plain composition meets domestic railway systems standard (professional standard：Material should not be using asbestos, lead and its compound；Si unit in material
The total content that cellulose content should be not more than 1% and Al+Si element is not to be exceeded 1%；Cr+Zr+W constituent content summation is not to be exceeded
10%.).
The friction material of the present invention has suitable and stable coefficient of friction, and steadily, abrasion loss is low, service life for braking
Long, the brake request that can meet speed per hour 200～250km bullet train, speed per hour 300～350km and above bullet train is (concrete
Embodiment can be seen), meet domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) relevant regulations.
The friction material of the present invention is only prepared from by six kinds of constituent elements, and material constituent element is super simple, process is simple and easy to control, can
Significantly reduce production cost.
The main physical properties of table 2 friction material of the present invention
Brief description
Fig. 1 is in the relevant regulations of domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) is 200 to speed per hour～
250km bullet train powder metallurgy brake pad instantaneous coefficient of friction tolerance；
Fig. 2 is in the relevant regulations of domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) is 300 to speed per hour～
350km and above bullet train powder metallurgy brake pad instantaneous coefficient of friction tolerance；
Fig. 3 is retro-speed and the instantaneous coefficient of friction graph of a relation (speed per hour 200 of the embodiment of the present invention 1 gained friction material
～250km)；
Fig. 4 is retro-speed and the instantaneous coefficient of friction graph of a relation (speed per hour 300 of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gained friction material
～350km)；
Fig. 5 is retro-speed and the instantaneous coefficient of friction graph of a relation (speed per hour of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gained friction material
More than 350km).
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：Speed per hour 200～250km bullet train brake lining powder metallurgy friction material
Each constituent element of material according to quality divide, including copper powder 53%, iron powder 18%, zirconium dioxide 2%, ferrochrome powder 8%,
Graphite 17% and molybdenum bisuphide 2% dispensing, wherein Zirconium dioxide powder are less than 250 μm of calcined powder for granularity, ferrochrome powder
It is chromium 67%, carbon 9%, silicon 3% and balance of iron that granularity is less than 250 μm and its mass percent.Carried out using three-dimensional mixer
Batch mixing, mixes kerosene, and incorporation time is 4h；Using hydraulic press, mixed-powder is compressing, pressing pressure is 550MPa；Using
Pressurized sintering furnace is sintered to pressed compact under hydrogen shield, and sintering temperature is 970 DEG C, temperature retention time 3h.
According to domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) relevant regulations, adopt 1：1 jack horse test bed to this
The friction material of embodiment has carried out detection test, and steadily (as shown in Figure 3), wet condition is to rubbing for the braking curve of friction material
Wipe performance impact less, confficient of static friction is 0.375, average wear amount is 0.10cm3/ MJ, matching brake disc surface
No hot spot, surfacing is bright and clean, abrasion without exception.Result of the test shows, using the preparation of this friction material speed per hour 200～
The properties of 250km bullet train brake lining meet speed per hour 200～250km high-speed train braking and require.
Embodiment 2：Speed per hour 300～350km and above bullet train brake lining powder metallurgy friction material
Each constituent element of material divides according to quality, including copper powder 45%, iron powder 10%, zirconium dioxide 8%, ferrochrome powder
15%th, graphite 19% and molybdenum bisuphide 3% dispensing, wherein Zirconium dioxide powder are less than 250 μm of electric smelting powder, ferrochrome for granularity
It is chromium 55%, carbon 6%, silicon 2% and balance of iron that the granularity of powder is less than 250 μm and its mass percent.Using three-dimensional mixer
Carry out batch mixing, mix kerosene, incorporation time is 5h；Using hydraulic press, mixed-powder is compressing, pressing pressure is 700MPa；
Pressed compact is sintered under hydrogen shield using pressurized sintering furnace, sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C, temperature retention time 3h.
According to domestic railway systems standard and UIC (International Union of Railways) relevant regulations, adopt 1：1 jack horse test bed to this
The friction material of embodiment has carried out detection test, and the braking curve of friction material is steady (as shown in Figure 4,5), wet condition pair
Frictional behaviour impact is less, and confficient of static friction is 0.420, and average wear amount is 0.18cm3/ MJ, matching braking dish cart
Face no hot spot, surfacing is bright and clean, abrasion without exception.Result of the test shows, using the preparation of this friction material speed per hour 300～
The properties of 350km and above bullet train brake lining meet speed per hour 300～350km and above high-speed train braking requires.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the scope of the invention, all at this
Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made etc., all should cover in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of bullet train brake lining with super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material it is characterised in that：Described material only comprises six
Kind of constituent element, each constituent element divides according to mass percent, including copper powder 40～55%, iron powder 8～20%, zirconium dioxide 1～10%,
Ferrochrome powder 6～15%, graphite 16～22%, molybdenum bisuphide 1～4%.
2. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Described material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, including copper powder 45～53%, iron powder 10～
18%th, zirconium dioxide 2～8%, ferrochrome powder 8～15%, graphite 17～19%, molybdenum bisuphide 2～3%.
3. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 2, its feature exists
In：Described material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, by copper powder 53%, iron powder 18%, titanium dioxide
Zirconium 2%, ferrochrome powder 8%, graphite 17% and molybdenum bisuphide 2% form.
4. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 3, its feature exists
In：Described material, according to the regulation of domestic railway systems standard and UIC, adopts 1：1 jack horse test bed it is carried out detection test,
The confficient of static friction recording described material is 0.375, and average wear amount is 0.10cm3/MJ.
5. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 2, its feature exists
In：Described material only comprises six kinds of constituent elements, and each constituent element divides according to mass percent, by copper powder 45%, iron powder 10%, titanium dioxide
Zirconium 8%, ferrochrome powder 15%, graphite 19% and molybdenum bisuphide 3% form.
6. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 5, its feature exists
In：Described material, according to the regulation of domestic railway systems standard and UIC, adopts 1：1 jack horse test bed it is carried out detection test,
The confficient of static friction recording described material is 0.420, and average wear amount is 0.18cm3/MJ.
7. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Described Zirconium dioxide powder is calcined powder or electric smelting powder, and its granularity is less than 250 μm.
8. the super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of a kind of bullet train brake lining according to claim 1, its feature exists
In；In described ferrochrome powder, the mass percent of each element is：Chromium 55～70%, carbon 6～10%, silicon are not more than 3% and balance of
Iron, its granularity is less than 250 μm.
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| CN201610962043.7A CN106399743B (en) | 2016-11-04 | 2016-11-04 | A kind of super simple constituent element powder metallurgy friction material of bullet train brake lining |
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| CN106907413A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-06-30 | 湖南博科瑞新材料有限责任公司 | A kind of low antiwear magnetic wipes composite and preparation method thereof, magnetic suspension train brake shoes and magnetic suspension train brake block |
| CN107354407A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-11-17 | 太仓捷公精密金属材料有限公司 | A kind of heavy load low abrasion copper base friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107824783A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-23 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | A kind of high-speed train braking copper-iron-based powder metallurgical friction material and preparation method |
| CN108907177A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-30 | 江阴市恒鼎特钢制品有限公司 | Copper based powder metallurgy friction material for high-speed train braking |
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| CN110643848A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-03 | 武汉万邦激光金刚石工具股份有限公司 | Brake pad material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112059189A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-11 | 北京科技大学 | Powder metallurgy brake pad with stable friction coefficient in wide temperature range and preparation method |
| CN113073225A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-07-06 | 华东交通大学 | Brake material for medium-low speed magnetic suspension train and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113249609A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-13 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Copper-plated ceramic particle reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113564406A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-29 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | High-melting-point alloy reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114110062A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南屹林材料技术有限公司 | Magnetic suspension train braking material and preparation technology thereof |
| CN117448623A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-01-26 | 中南大学 | Copper-based composite friction material containing modified sepiolite, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20191203 Address after: 325608, Shilong Town, Yueqing Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang happy Rail Transportation Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: Yuelu District City, Hunan province 410083 Changsha Lushan Road No. 932 Patentee before: Central South University |