CN111387587A - 一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩 - Google Patents
一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,以天然的秸秆为原材料,提取制备可降解纤维素,通过静电纺或者熔喷的方式制做长纤维做基底,短纤维交叉填充的无纺布。外层接枝氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒结合静电处理的中层(单层或多层),吸附、拦截、杀死细菌、病毒等。本发明可以有效抑制细菌、病毒的存活,舒适度高,天然、绿色、环保,适合日常佩戴及全民防疫,尤其适合防疫工作人员佩戴。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,属于公共卫生及日常生活领域。
背景技术
从古至今,人类遭遇了无数的瘟疫,其中影响特别巨大的有鼠疫、霍乱、天花、流感等。其中高致病性、高传染性的细菌、病毒是引起瘟疫的主要原因,如鼠疫杆菌、霍乱弧菌、天花病毒、流感病毒等。随着医学的发展,对治病微生物的分析和诊断,目前细菌性传染病已得到良好的控制和治疗。但是对于病毒的肆虐,如2003年爆发的SARS、2009 年全球甲型H1N1流感、2019年埃博拉病毒、美国流感及最近爆发的新冠肺炎,在疫情爆发初期,科学界和医学界并无对症良策。随着全球化和经济的迅猛发展,人类活动越来越频繁和密集,对大自然的影响也越来越大。传染病的发生和流行成为影响人类生命安全的重大事件。科学防治成为关键,抗病毒口罩的研发生产成为趋势。另外,随着全民防护意识的增强,一次性使用口罩垃圾会造成巨大的污染,因此迫切需要开发新型的可降解口罩,降低环境污染。
目前市面上应用的医用和防护口罩一般是由三层无纺布制成,纺粘无纺布(针刺棉)+熔喷无纺布+纺粘无纺布,主要靠中层熔喷静电无纺布过滤细菌、病毒和粉尘等。但是这种口罩只能吸附细菌、病毒,在应用中可能产生二次污染。专利CN 101829413 B 公开了一种外层是浸渍有纳米银杀菌溶剂的聚丙烯长纤维无纺布,内里两层无纺布做成的口罩,具有广谱抗菌性。但是纳米银通过呼吸可进入人体,尚无充分证据证明其安全性。专利CN104957806 A公布了一种光触媒口罩,其特征在于:在无纺布或棉纱织物层的外表面设有超临界纳米级光触媒涂层,可以有效杀灭细菌、病毒、除异味,防治花粉,粉尘等。通过专利检索,其他抗病毒口罩还有通过浸泡硝酸银(CN207202124U)、无机类抗菌剂(CN 102548439B)或中草药(CN110041764A),填充活性炭和沸石(CN 1325132 C)、石墨烯(CN205106451U,CN108402558A)等实现抗菌抗病毒功能的,但尚未得到国家食品药品监督管理局的上市许可。
专利CN 104814542 B公开一种可降解的环保口罩,口罩的内外层以及耳带材料PBS无纺布和竹纤维过滤层均可实现降解,且无纺布的降解速率可通过淀粉含量来控制。所述淀粉为绿豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦类淀粉、菱角淀粉、藕淀粉和玉米淀粉中的一种或多种。我国是农业大国,农作物秸秆丰富,可利用其丰富的天然纤维素制做可降解口罩,成本低廉、清洁环保。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,以天然的秸秆为原材料,提取制备可降解纤维素,通过静电纺丝或者熔喷的方式制做长纤维做基底,短纤维交叉填充的无纺布。外层无纺布接枝氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒,中层(单层或多层)熔喷无纺布做静电处理,内层与外层无纺布一致,但无需额外接枝盐结晶。外层无纺布与中层熔喷布结合吸附、拦截、杀死细菌、病毒,天然、绿色、环保。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了一种植物源的可降解无纺布的制作方法,外层接枝氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒,中层(单层或多层)做常规静电处理,内层直接采用可降解纤维素无纺布,三层无纺布叠压后进行常规防护口罩制作。
为实现上述发明目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种可降解植物纤维无纺布,所述无纺布用于制备抗菌抗病毒环保口罩;
所述无纺布的原料不限于秸秆、谷壳、稻壳、落叶等常见的纤维素载体;
所述纤维素载体的初级产物不限于甲基纤维素(MC),羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),羟乙基纤维素(HEC),羧甲基纤维素(CMC)等,纤维直径为15-35μm,纤维密度为1.5dtex-1.8dtex;
采用的有机溶剂为醇类或烷烃类中的任意一种或两种;
所述无纺布应添加阻燃材料,制备工艺不限于熔喷法、静电纺、浸渍等;
外层无纺布接枝氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒,大小为0.1-10μm,枝接处理采用化学镀法;
所述无纺布:克重为20-40g/m2,吸水倍数为15-30倍,透气性为700-800CFM;
所述无纺布:纵向断裂强度≥95 N,横向断裂强度≥42N,纵向断裂伸长率≥30%,横向断裂伸长率≥50%。
所述无纺布:细菌及病毒抑制率在99.0%以上;
所述无纺布:经无公害填埋后,在土壤中微生物作用下,6-12个月即可完全分解成水和二氧化碳,绿色环保无污染。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优势:
(1) 本口罩吸水倍数高达15-30倍,透气性为700-800CFM,不发潮,不闷气,眼镜不会起雾,佩戴舒适度高;
(2)本口罩断裂强度和断裂伸长率高,具备一定的弹性,不同人群安全佩戴;
(3)本口罩对细菌病毒的抑制率高达99.0%以上,尤其适合防疫工作人员佩戴;
(4)本口罩可无公害降解,天然绿色环保,适合日常佩戴及全民防疫。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出本发明实施例1所制备口罩的整体示意图。
图2示出本发明实施例1所制备口罩的截面图。
图3示出本发明实施例1所制备口罩的无纺布结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本发明的一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,主要包括可降解的口罩本体和耳带。鼻夹为可塑形高分子或金属,尚未在本发明设计方案中。口罩本体由外至内包括三层可降解植物纤维无纺布,外层接枝氯化钠微晶粒,中间熔喷层做静电处理。具体操作如下:将玉米秸秆清洗、开松、除杂、碎化,经酸碱处理后,添加乙醇、氯化甲烷混合成浆液,经一系列反应制成纤维素醚,通过真空薄膜蒸发器形成纺丝粘液,以熔喷方式将黏液从纺口挤压出来形成纤维素丝束,经凝固再生、水洗、水针轧及干燥而制成天然纤维素无纺布。制备阻燃剂稀释液对无纺布进行浸洗,再依序烘干、中和、皂洗、水洗并烘干。制备氯化钠和柠檬酸盐溶液,对无纺布进行喷涂并烘干至含水量为3.5%以下。中层无纺布无需喷涂处理,但是纤维更为细密,直径约15-20μm,静电处理。内层无纺布直接采用经阻燃处理的无纺布,无需额外处理。超声焊接无纺布及耳带,鼻梁条,制得口罩。整体示意图如附图1所示,截面图如附图2所示。附图1和2中,1为口罩本体,2为耳带; 附图3中,1为接枝氯化钠/氯化锌微晶粒的可降解纤维层(口罩外层),2为单层或多层的熔喷静电可降解纤维层(口罩中层),3为可降解纤维层(口罩内层),A表示喷溅的血液被拦截在口罩中层,B表示携带细菌、病毒的微沫或气溶胶被拦截在口罩中层,通过氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒的吸湿高渗作用及钠离子或锌离子破坏细菌细胞结构,使病毒蛋白质外壳变性。C表示气体可以自由交换。
实施例2
本发明的一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,主要包括可降解的口罩本体和耳带。鼻夹为可塑形高分子或金属,尚未在本发明设计方案中。口罩本体由外至内包括三层可降解植物纤维无纺布,外层接枝氯化锌微晶粒,中间熔喷层做静电处理。具体操作如下:将稻草杆清洗、开松、除杂、碎化,经酸碱处理后,添加环氧丙烷和氯甲烷混合成浆液,经一系列反应制成纤维素醚,通过真空薄膜蒸发器形成纺丝粘液,以熔喷方式将黏液从纺口挤压出来形成纤维素丝束,经凝固再生、水洗、水针轧及干燥而制成天然纤维素无纺布。制备阻燃剂稀释液对无纺布进行浸洗,再依序烘干、中和、皂洗、水洗并烘干。制备氯化锌和柠檬酸盐、山梨酸钾溶液,对无纺布进行喷涂并烘干至含水量为3.5%以下,由此制备口罩外层可降解抗菌抗病毒无纺布。中层无纺布无需喷涂处理,但是纤维更为细密,直径约15-20μm,静电处理。内层无纺布直接采用经阻燃处理的无纺布,无需额外处理。超声焊接无纺布及耳带,鼻梁条,制得口罩。整体示意图如附图1所示,截面图如附图2所示。附图1和2中,1为口罩本体,2为耳带。
实施例3
本发明的一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,主要包括可降解的口罩本体和耳带。鼻夹为可塑形高分子或金属,尚未在本发明设计方案中。口罩本体由外至内包括三层可降解植物纤维无纺布,外层接枝氯化钠和氯化锌微晶粒,中间熔喷层做静电处理。具体操作如下:将玉米秸秆、稻草杆等天然植物纤维载体清洗、开松、除杂、碎化,经酸碱处理后,添加环氧丙烷和氯甲烷混合成浆液,经一系列反应制成纤维素醚,通过真空薄膜蒸发器形成纺丝粘液,以熔喷方式将黏液从纺口挤压出来形成纤维素丝束,经凝固再生、水洗、水针轧及干燥而制成天然纤维素无纺布。制备氯化钠、氯化锌、柠檬酸盐、山梨酸钾溶液,对无纺布进行喷涂,依序烘干、烘焙、中和、皂洗、水洗并烘干至含水量为3.5%以下,由此制备口罩内外层可降解抗病毒纤维素无纺布。中层熔喷无纺布采用细纤维,直径约15-20μm,并增加静电处理。超声焊接无纺布及耳带,鼻梁条,制得口罩。整体示意图如附图1所示,截面图如附图2所示。附图1和2中,1为口罩本体,2为耳带。
经检测,该口罩所述无纺布:克重为20-40g/m2,吸水倍数为15-30倍,透气性为700-800CFM;纵向断裂强度≥95 N,横向断裂强度≥42N,纵向断裂伸长率≥30%,横向断裂伸长率≥50%。在空气流量(30±2)L/min条件下,对空气动力学中值直径(0.24±0.06)μm氯化钠气溶胶的过滤效率为95%以上;对平均颗粒直径为(3±0.3)μm的金黄色葡萄球菌气溶胶的过滤效率为95%以上;对细菌病毒抑制率高达99.0%以上;
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种可降解的广谱抗菌抗病毒环保口罩,其特征在于:以天然的秸秆为原材料,制备可降解纤维素无纺布,使用过后可通过无公害填埋自然降解。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可降解纤维素无纺布,其特征在于:通过静电纺丝或者熔喷的方式制做,长纤维做基底,短纤维交叉填充,纤维直径为15-35μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可降解纤维素无纺布,其特征在于:吸水倍数为15-30倍,透气性为700-800CFM。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可降解纤维素无纺布,其特征在于:外层喷涂枝接氯化钠或氯化锌微晶粒,通过吸湿高渗作用及钠离子或锌离子破坏细菌细胞结构,使病毒蛋白质外壳变性,抑制率在99%以上。
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WO2022241842A1 (zh) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-24 | 南京林业大学 | 一种抗菌抗病毒可降解口罩及其制备方法 |
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