CN111387119A - Sea reef suitable for seeding abalones at bottom of sea area with sediment bottom and aquaculture method - Google Patents
Sea reef suitable for seeding abalones at bottom of sea area with sediment bottom and aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111387119A CN111387119A CN202010226523.3A CN202010226523A CN111387119A CN 111387119 A CN111387119 A CN 111387119A CN 202010226523 A CN202010226523 A CN 202010226523A CN 111387119 A CN111387119 A CN 111387119A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/77—Artificial fishing banks or reefs of monolithic form, e.g. blocks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a sea cucumber reef suitable for seeding abalones at the bottom of a sediment sea area and an aquaculture method, belonging to the technical field of marine aquaculture, and comprising a sea cucumber reef matrix, wherein the sea cucumber reef matrix comprises a support plate and a support side plate, the upper parts of the support plate and the support side plate are provided with reef layers, at least one layer of natural reef stones is arranged on the reef layers, the support side plate is provided with a ladder-shaped cavity, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity is opened, and the ladder-shaped cavity is bilaterally symmetrical with the central line of the support side plate; the invention also provides an aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment sea area, the sea reef hung with algae is put in the bottom sowing area, the abalones are attached to the sea reef by artificial diving, and the abalones are sown and cultivated for 1-2 years, so that the abalones reach the specification of finished products. The invention not only greatly expands the bottom sowing culture space of the abalones, improves the self-purification capacity of the culture water body, but also improves the yield of the high-quality abalones.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mariculture, in particular to a sea reef suitable for seeding abalones at the bottom of a sea area with sediment and an aquaculture method.
Background
Since ancient times, abalone is a famous seafood, which is the first of the eight delicacies of seafood. The abalones grow in natural sea areas, ingest various kinds of algae to grow, and the quality and flavor of the abalones cultured by bottom sowing are optimal and are popular with customers. At present, the bottom sowing area of abalones is only limited to a sea area with natural reef distribution, the temperature of the sea area is suitable, the quantity of algae is abundant, however, the sea area meeting the conditions is extremely limited, and the development of bottom sowing cultivation of the abalones and the yield improvement of the high-quality abalones are severely restricted. According to the invention, the sea cucumber reefs are arranged in the bottom sowing area, the habitat environment of the abalones is improved, the bottom sowing cultivation of the abalones is carried out in the muddy sea area where the abalones cannot grow and survive, and the bottom sowing cultivation space of the abalones is greatly expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seafood reef and an aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment bottom sea area, wherein the seafood reef is arranged in the bottom sowing area, reef layers are arranged on the upper parts of a supporting plate and a supporting side plate of a seafood reef matrix, and at least one layer of natural reef is obliquely arranged on the reef layer, so that the attachment area of the abalones and algae can be enlarged, and the bottom sowing cultivation area is enlarged; in 10 months every year, the algae are hung on the sea cucumber reefs, the sea cucumber reefs are placed in a bottom sowing area, after the algae are attached to the sea cucumber reefs, the abalones are attached to the sea cucumber reefs through artificial diving, bottom sowing culture is carried out for 1-2 years, the abalones reach the specification of finished products, divers dive to the vicinity of sea cucumber reefs in the bottom sowing area, the abalones with the specification of the finished products are collected, the bottom sowing culture space of the abalones is greatly expanded, and the yield of the high-quality abalones is improved.
The invention provides a sea cucumber reef suitable for sowing abalones at the bottom of a sediment sea area, which is of a hollow structure and comprises a sea cucumber reef matrix poured by reinforced concrete, wherein the reinforced concrete is easier to grow algae and abalones than cement texture, the surface of the sea cucumber reef matrix is roughened, so that the algae and the abalones are easy to attach, the sea cucumber reef matrix comprises 3n support plates and 3n support side plates, the support plates and the support side plates are of trapezoidal structures and are equal in number, the support plates and the support side plates are sequentially and alternately connected into an integral structure, the whole sea cucumber reef is of a triangular cone, on one hand, the structure of the sea cucumber reef is stable, on the other hand, the triangular cone is easy to form upward flow, the convection and exchange of nutrient salts are promoted, and the joints of the support plates and the support side plates are connected by an inclined gradient;
the upper parts of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate are provided with reef layers, at least one layer of natural reefs are obliquely arranged on the reef layers, the natural reefs are inserted into the reef layers, and the natural reefs are taken from rocks which are closer to a sea shore, so that the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low;
the bottom-sowing supporting side plate is characterized in that a ladder-shaped cavity is formed in the supporting side plate, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity is open, the ladder-shaped cavity is bilaterally symmetrical with the center line of the supporting side plate, the bottom opening is designed to facilitate seawater convection in a bottom-sowing area, exchange of nutrient salts is promoted, and seawater self-purification capacity of the bottom-sowing area is improved.
Furthermore, the reef layer is located the middle and upper portion of backup pad and support curb plate adheres to the alga easily, provides bait for the abalone.
Further, the length ratio of the supporting plate to the supporting side plate is 1: 2-4, the thickness of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate is 0.1-0.3m, the inclination of the joint of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate is 55-80 degrees, and the inclination of the joint is larger and is not easy to attach deposits.
Furthermore, the top of the trapezoidal cavity is positioned at 1/3-2/3 of the supporting side plate, so that normal convection of water flow can be guaranteed, and materials can be saved.
Furthermore, the supporting plate is provided with at least one through hole, so that the convection of seawater in a bottom sowing area is accelerated.
Furthermore, at least one hanging ring is arranged on the supporting plate and the supporting side plate, and the algae are hung on the side wall of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate, so that on one hand, the algae can be fixed and cannot float freely and be swept away by ocean currents, on the other hand, the side wall is easy to attach, and the algae are attached to the vicinity of the seafood reef, so that the abalone can conveniently take food; the cross surface of the top of the sea cucumber reef matrix is provided with at least one handle, so that the sea cucumber reef matrix is convenient to hang, and the sea cucumber reef is thrown into a bottom sowing area.
In addition, the invention also provides an aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment sea area, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: selecting a reef-free sea area, surveying the water depth by using a depth measuring instrument (Speedtech, model: Depthmate SM-5A) for 3-8m, surveying the transparency by using a transparency dial (Shanghai Hu XH-SSP20) for 3-5m by using transparency measurement, calculating the bearing capacity of sediment substrate according to formulas in ocean survey standard (GB/T13909-2007) and building foundation design standard (GBJ7-89) and determining the bearing capacity as a bottom sowing area, wherein the bearing capacity of sediment substrate is not lower than 5T/square meter in the sea area;
s02: putting the sea reef, hanging the algae on the sea reef in 10 months every year, putting the sea reef in the bottom sowing area, and culturing for 5-15 days to make the algae attach to the sea reef;
s03, putting the abalones, in the next 4 months, after the algae are attached to the seafood reefs, manually diving to attach the abalones to the seafood reefs, wherein the selected abalone shells are 4.5-5.5CM long, the bottom sowing density is 20-25 heads/square meter, the number of each reef is not more than 300, the bottom sowing area is sufficient in sunlight, the seawater temperature is 2-26 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5 mg/L, the salinity is 30-32 thousandths, the pH value is not less than 8.0, no algae is hung during the bottom sowing culture period, the bottom sowing sea area is sufficient in sunlight, the seawater nutrient salt is rich, other algae can grow naturally, the natural growth of the hung algae can be accelerated, and the bait is provided for the abalones.
S04: the thrown abalones are cultured for 1-2 years by bottom sowing, the abalones reach the finished product specification, and divers dive to the vicinity of sea reef groups in the bottom sowing area to collect the abalones with the finished product specification.
Further, the sea cucumber reef is of a hollow structure and comprises a sea cucumber reef base body formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the reinforced concrete enables algae and abalones to grow more easily than cement texture, roughening treatment is carried out on the surface of the sea cucumber reef base body, so that the algae and the abalones are easy to attach, the sea cucumber reef base body comprises 3n support plates and 3n support side plates, the support plates and the support side plates are of a trapezoidal structure, the number of the support plates is equal to that of the support plates, the support plates and the support side plates are sequentially and alternately connected into an integral structure, the sea cucumber reef is integrally in a triangular cone shape, on one hand, the sea cucumber reef is stable in structure, on the other hand, the triangular cone shape easily forms upward flow, convection and exchange of nutrient salts are promoted, and the connection part of;
the upper parts of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate are provided with reef layers, at least one layer of natural reefs are obliquely arranged on the reef layers, the natural reefs are inserted into the reef layers, and the natural reefs are taken from rocks which are closer to a sea shore, so that the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low;
the bottom-sowing supporting side plate is characterized in that a ladder-shaped cavity is formed in the supporting side plate, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity is open, the ladder-shaped cavity is bilaterally symmetrical with the center line of the supporting side plate, the bottom opening is designed to facilitate seawater convection in a bottom-sowing area, exchange of nutrient salts is promoted, and seawater self-purification capacity of the bottom-sowing area is improved.
Furthermore, the algae comprise the undaria pinnatifida and the kelp, so that the cultivation is easy, and sufficient bait can be provided for the abalones.
Furthermore, during bottom sowing culture, the meat snails such as beetle snails and the like which eat bivalve juvenile mollusks limit the generation of cultured fouling organisms, prevent the generation of the fouling organisms and avoid snatching with baits for abalone.
The invention provides a seafood reef suitable for seeding abalones at the bottom of a sediment sea area, which comprises a seafood reef matrix, wherein reef layers are arranged on the upper parts of a supporting plate and a supporting side plate of the seafood reef matrix, and at least one layer of natural reef is obliquely arranged on the reef layer; the invention also provides an aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment sea area, the sea reef hung with algae is placed in a bottom sowing area, the abalones are attached to the sea reef by artificial diving, bottom sowing cultivation is carried out for 1-2 years, a diver dives to the vicinity of the sea reef group in the bottom sowing area, and finished product specifications of the abalones are harvested.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seafood reef in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the support column of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a side support column of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, sea reef basal body; 11. a support plate; 12. supporting the side plates; 13. a reef layer; 14. natural reefs; 2. a ladder-shaped cavity; 3. a through hole; 4. hanging a ring; 5. a handle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a seafood reef suitable for sowing abalones at the bottom of a sea area with sediment, the sea reef is of a hollow structure and comprises a sea reef matrix 1 formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the reinforced concrete is easier to grow algae and abalones than cement texture, the surface is roughened, the algae and abalones are easy to attach, the seafood reef substrate 1 comprises 3n support plates 11 and 3n support side plates 12, wherein the support plates 11 and the support side plates 12 are both in a trapezoidal structure and equal in number, the support plates 11 and the support side plates 12 are sequentially and alternately connected into an integral structure, the sea cucumber reef is integrally in a triangular cone shape, on one hand, the structure of the sea cucumber reef is stable, on the other hand, the triangular cone shape easily forms ascending flow to promote convection and exchange of nutrient salts, and the connection part of the support plates 11 and the support side plates 12 is connected by an inclined slope;
the upper parts of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 are provided with reef layers 13, at least one layer of natural reefs 14 is obliquely arranged on the reef layers 13, the natural reefs 14 are inserted into the reef layers 13, and the natural reefs 14 are taken from rocks which are closer to a sea bank, so that the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low;
the supporting side plate 12 is provided with a ladder-shaped cavity 2, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity 2 is open, the ladder-shaped cavity 2 is bilaterally symmetrical with the central line of the supporting side plate 12, the bottom opening is designed to easily enable seawater in a bottom sowing area to be convected, the exchange of nutrient salts is promoted, and the seawater self-cleaning capacity of the bottom sowing area is improved.
The reef layer is located the middle and upper portion of backup pad and support curb plate adheres to the alga easily, provides bait for the abalone.
The length ratio of the supporting plate 11 to the supporting side plate 12 is 1: 2-4, the thickness of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 is 0.1-0.3m, the inclination of the joint of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 is 55-80 degrees, the inclination of the joint is large, and sediment is not easy to attach.
The top of the trapezoidal cavity 2 is positioned at 1/3-2/3 of the supporting side plate 12, so that normal convection of water flow can be ensured, and materials can be saved.
At least one through hole 3 is formed in the supporting plate 11, and seawater convection in a bottom sowing area is accelerated.
The supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 are provided with at least one hanging ring 4, algae are hung on the side wall of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12, on one hand, the algae can be fixed and cannot float randomly and be swept away by ocean currents, on the other hand, the side wall is easy to attach, and the algae are attached to the vicinity of a sea reef, so that the abalones can conveniently take food; the cross surface of the top of the sea cucumber reef matrix 1 is provided with at least one handle 5, so that the sea cucumber reef is convenient to hang, and the sea cucumber reef is thrown into a bottom sowing area.
In the embodiment, the sea cucumber reef base body 1 is obtained by sowing and breeding the corrugated disc abalone at the bottom of the sea cucumber reef, reinforced concrete is used for pouring the sea cucumber reef base body 1, the height of the sea cucumber reef base body 1 is 1.2m, the reinforced concrete is easier to grow algae and the corrugated disc abalone than cement texture, the surface is roughened, the algae and the corrugated disc abalone are easy to attach, the sea cucumber reef base body 1 comprises 3 supporting plates 11 and 3 supporting side plates 12, the upper side length of each supporting plate 11 is 1.2m, the lower side length of each supporting plate 11 is 1.8m, the upper side length of each supporting side plate 12 is 0.4m, the widths of the supporting plates 11 and the supporting side plates 12 are 0.15m, the supporting plates 11 and the supporting side plates 12 are both in a trapezoidal structure and equal in number, the supporting plates 11 and the supporting side plates 12 are sequentially and alternately connected into an integral structure, the sea cucumber reef is integrally in a triangular pyramid shape, on one hand, the sea cucumber reef structure is, the convection and exchange of nutrient salt are promoted, and the connection part of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 is connected with an inclined slope;
the upper parts of the supporting plate 11 and the supporting side plate 12 are provided with reef layers 13, a layer of natural reefs 14 is arranged on the reef layers 13, the natural reefs 14 are inserted into the reef layers 13, and the natural reefs 14 are taken from rocks which are close to the sea bank, so that the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low;
the supporting side plate 12 is provided with a ladder-shaped cavity 2, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity 2 is open, the ladder-shaped cavity 2 is bilaterally symmetrical with the central line of the supporting side plate 12, the bottom opening is designed to easily enable seawater in a bottom sowing area to be convected, the exchange of nutrient salts is promoted, and the seawater self-cleaning capacity of the bottom sowing area is improved.
The culture method comprises the following steps:
s01: selecting a reef-free sea area, surveying the water depth by using a depth measuring instrument (Speedtech, model: Depthmate SM-5A of a manufacturer) to 6m, measuring the transparency by using a transparency dial (Shanghai Hu XH-SSP20) to obtain the transparency 4m, calculating the bearing capacity of the sediment substrate according to formulas in ocean survey standard (GB/T13909-2007) and building foundation design standard (GBJ7-89), and determining the sea area with the bearing capacity of the sediment substrate of 4.2T/square meter as a bottom sowing area;
s02: putting the sea cucumber reef, hanging the kelp on the sea cucumber reef in 10 months, easily culturing the kelp, providing sufficient bait for the wrinkled Haliotis discus, putting the sea cucumber reef in a bottom sowing area, culturing for 9 days, and attaching the kelp on the sea cucumber reef;
s03, putting the Haliotis discus hannai, after the kelp is attached to the sea reef in April of the next year, manually diving to attach the Haliotis discus hannai to the sea reef, selecting the shell of the Haliotis discus hannai with the length of 4.5-5.5CM, the bottom sowing density of 20-25 heads per square meter, the number of each reef is not more than 300, the sunlight of the bottom sowing area is sufficient, the temperature of the seawater is 16 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 7 mg/L, the salinity is 31 per thousand, and the pH value is 8.3.
S04: the thrown Haliotis discus hannai is cultured for 1.5 years by bottom sowing, the Haliotis discus hannai reaches the specification of a finished product, a diver dives to the vicinity of a sea reef group in the bottom sowing area, and the Haliotis discus hannai with the specification of the finished product is collected. The measurement result shows that the yield of the haliotis discus hannai per square meter is close to the yield of the current reef area, and is about 0.8kg per square meter.
During bottom sowing culture, the carnivorous snails such as beetle snails which eat bivalve juvenile mollusks limit the generation of cultured fouling organisms, prevent the generation of the fouling organisms and avoid the fouling organisms from robbing food with the haliotis discus hannai.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the sea cucumber reefs are arranged in the bottom sowing area, the habitat environment of the abalones is improved, the bottom sowing cultivation of the abalones is carried out in the muddy sea area where the abalones cannot grow and survive, and the bottom sowing cultivation space of the abalones is greatly expanded.
2. The reef layers are arranged on the supporting plates of the seafood reef matrix and the upper parts of the supporting side plates, and the natural reefs are arranged on the reef layers at least one layer, so that the attachment area of the abalones and the natural algae can be enlarged, and the bottom sowing culture area is enlarged.
3. According to the invention, algae such as kelp and undaria pinnatifida are hung on the supporting plate and the supporting side plate, so that sufficient bait can be provided for abalones, and the yield of high-quality abalones is improved.
4. The seafood reef is in a triangular cone shape, is also provided with the through holes and the trapezoidal cavity, is convenient to form ascending flow, promotes the convection and exchange of nutrient salts, provides a good seawater environment for the growth of the abalones, and improves the self-purification capacity of seawater.
5. During bottom sowing culture, the carnivorous snails such as beetle snails which eat bivalve juvenile mollusks limit the generation of cultured fouling organisms, prevent the generation of the fouling organisms and avoid robbing the fouling organisms and the abalones with food.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a sea pearl reef suitable for sow abalone at sediment bottom of sea area, sea pearl reef is hollow structure, includes the sea pearl reef base member that is formed by reinforced concrete pouring, and the surface is roughened for the alga is easily adhered to, its characterized in that, sea pearl reef base member includes 3n backup pads and 3n support curb plate, backup pad and support curb plate are trapezium structure and quantity and equal, backup pad and support curb plate connect in turn as an organic whole structure, the whole three angular cone shape that is of sea pearl reef to in forming upwelling, promote nutritive salt's convection current and exchange, the junction of backup pad and support curb plate is connected with the slope of slope;
the upper parts of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate are provided with reef layers, and at least one layer of natural reefs are obliquely arranged on the reef layers;
the support side plate is provided with a ladder-shaped cavity, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity is opened, and the ladder-shaped cavity is bilaterally symmetrical with the center line of the support side plate.
2. A seafood reef adapted to sow abalones at the bottom of a sea area with sediment according to claim 1, wherein said reef layer is located at the middle upper portion of said support plate and support side plate.
3. The seafood reef of claim 2, wherein the ratio of the lengths of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate is 1: 2-4. the thickness of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate is 0.1-0.3m, and the inclination of the connection part of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate is 55-80 degrees.
4. The seafood reef of claim 3 wherein the top of said trapezoidal cavity is located at 1/3-2/3 of said supporting side plates.
5. The seafood reef of claim 4, wherein said support plate is provided with at least one through hole.
6. A seafood reef adapted to sow abalones at the bottom of a sea area with sediment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one suspension loop is provided on the support plate and the support side plate, and at least one handle is provided on the top cross-section of the seafood reef body.
7. An aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment sea area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: selecting a reef-free sea area, surveying the sea area with the depth of 3-8m and the transparency of 3-5m, and determining the sea area with the sediment bearing capacity not lower than 5t per square meter as a bottom sowing area;
s02: throwing the sea reef, hanging the seedling rope attached with the algae seedlings on the sea reef in 10 months every year, and throwing the sea reef in a bottom sowing area to ensure that the algae are attached to the surface of the sea reef to grow;
s03, putting the abalones, in the next 4 months, after the algae are attached to the sea cucumber reef, manually diving to sow the abalones at the bottom onto the sea cucumber reef, wherein the selected abalone shells are 4.5-5.5CM long, the bottom sowing density is 20-25 square meters per square meter, the number of each reef is not more than 300, the bottom sowing area has sufficient sunlight, the seawater temperature is 2-26 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5 mg/L, the salinity is 30-32 per thousand, and the pH value is not less than 8.0;
s04: the thrown abalones are cultured for 1-2 years by bottom sowing, the abalones reach the finished product specification, and divers dive to the vicinity of sea reef groups in the bottom sowing area to collect the abalones with the finished product specification.
8. The aquaculture method suitable for bottom sowing of abalones in a sediment-bottom sea area according to claim 7, wherein the sea cucumber reef is of a hollow structure and comprises a sea cucumber reef matrix formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the sea cucumber reef matrix comprises 3n support plates and 3n support side plates, the support plates and the support side plates are of a trapezoidal structure and equal in number, the support plates and the support side plates are sequentially and alternately connected into an integral structure, the sea cucumber reef is integrally triangular-conical, and the joints of the support plates and the support side plates are connected through inclined slopes;
the upper parts of the supporting plate and the supporting side plate are provided with reef layers, and at least one layer of natural reefs are arranged on the reef layers;
the support side plate is provided with a ladder-shaped cavity, the bottom of the ladder-shaped cavity is opened, and the ladder-shaped cavity is bilaterally symmetrical with the center line of the support side plate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the algae comprise Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica.
10. The method for the aquaculture of the abalones sowed at the bottom in the sea area with the sediment according to any one of the claims 7 to 9, wherein the generation of the culture fouling organisms is limited by feeding meat snails which eat bivalve juvenile mollusks, such as beetle snails, during the bottom sowing culture.
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