CN111386998A - Method for applying additional fertilizer to Huangju - Google Patents
Method for applying additional fertilizer to Huangju Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386998A CN111386998A CN202010238013.8A CN202010238013A CN111386998A CN 111386998 A CN111386998 A CN 111386998A CN 202010238013 A CN202010238013 A CN 202010238013A CN 111386998 A CN111386998 A CN 111386998A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for fertilizing and applying the application amount of the chrysanthemums, which comprises the following steps: a, field trimming; b, cutting seedlings; c, planting time: planting in ten days of 4-5 months, topping for 3 times, and picking buds for 3 times; d, topdressing time: before differentiation of the Huang chrysanthemum buds (middle-upper ten days in 8 months); harvesting time: 11 in the first ten days of the month; and (4) standard harvesting: 70% of small flowers in the center of the head-shaped inflorescence at the top of the Huang chrysanthemum plant are scattered, and flowers begin to be collected; collecting the dry dew in sunny days without collecting dew flowers and rain flowers; sorting the Huang chrysanthemum: the diameter of the superfine flower is more than 5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.5 cm; the diameter of the first-level flower is more than 4-5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.0-3.5 cm; the diameter of the second-level flower is 3-4cm, and the thickness is 2.5-3.0 cm. And classifying the materials into a refrigeration house for storage. The invention has the advantages that the oriented cultivation mode can be realized by selecting the fertilization mode according to the target product required by the market and the economic benefit of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and relates to a method for fertilizing and applying an application amount of Huangju.
Background
The rape seed cake is applied to the base fertilizer before the Huangju is planted and fertilized, the fertilizer is single in variety, the content of effective ingredients is low, the requirement of growth of the chrysanthemum cannot be met, the later-period nutrition cannot be followed, the chrysanthemum blossoming is influenced, and the economic benefit is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dosage method for top dressing of Huang chrysanthemum, which solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a method for fertilizing and applying the application amount of the chrysanthemums comprises the following steps:
a, field trimming;
b, cutting seedlings;
c, planting time: planting in ten days of 4-5 months, topping for 3 times, and picking buds for 3 times;
d, topdressing time: before differentiation of the Huang chrysanthemum buds (middle-upper ten days in 8 months);
harvesting time: 11 in the first ten days of the month; and (4) standard harvesting: 70% of small flowers in the center of the head-shaped inflorescence at the top of the Huang chrysanthemum plant are scattered, and flowers begin to be collected; collecting the dry dew in sunny days without collecting dew flowers and rain flowers;
sorting the Huang chrysanthemum: the diameter of the superfine flower is more than 5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.5 cm; the diameter of the first-level flower is more than 4-5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.0-3.5 cm; the diameter of the second-level flower is 3-4cm, and the thickness is 2.5-3.0 cm.
And (3) processing and storing: drying, airing and storing in a refrigeration house.
As an improvement of the technical scheme: d, setting 5 additional fertilizers for matched application treatment before flower bud differentiation: treating 1(CK), wherein 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate are used as basic additional fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen to potassium is 1: 1.2; treating 2, namely 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 1 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 1 part by weight of borax, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treating 3, namely 55.25 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 8.5 parts by weight of urea and 12.75 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treatment 4, namely 74.75 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 11.5 parts by weight of urea and 17.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; and 5, treating the mixture by using 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 20 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.5.
The invention has the advantages that the oriented cultivation mode can be realized by selecting the fertilization mode according to the target product required by the market and the economic benefit of enterprises.
Sampling soil samples of a Huangju planting base to detect nutrient components, and carrying out a formulated fertilization test according to nutrients required by chrysanthemum growth and soil nutrient conditions. The result shows that the increase or decrease of the fertilizing amount can influence the number and the fresh weight of flowers of each grade of the royal chrysanthemum. The application of potash fertilizer can increase the number and weight of special-grade flowers, and the application of trace elements of boron and zinc can also increase the number and weight of special-grade flowers. According to the market demand, the target product and the economic benefit of enterprises, a corresponding fertilizing mode is selected, and the oriented cultivation mode of the Huang chrysanthemum can be realized.
For a long time, the development of the industry is limited by a single fertilization cultivation mode for planting the Lihuang chrysanthemum, so that the proportion difference of various grades of flowers of the Huang chrysanthemum is large, and the marketability is not high. Therefore, the optimal top dressing technology with high yield and high efficiency for planting the royaljelly needs to be screened out, and the directional cultivation mode of the royaljelly is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a representation of the number of flowers treated by each application of fertilizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a total fresh weight chart of each fertilization-treated flower of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for fertilizing and applying the application amount of the chrysanthemums, which comprises the following steps:
field dressing: ploughing soil before planting, wherein the depth is about 25cm, leveling, finely raking and making beds, the ridge width is 1 m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the inter-ridge ditch width is 20-40cm (inverted trapezoid), single-plant staggered planting (Huangju plants are planted in a triangular shape), and each hole is 1 plant; the planting density is 50 x 60cm, 600-.
Cutting seedlings: selecting the cutting slips which are consistent in growth, full in development and free of diseases and insect pests. The cutting slips are uniformly selected to be 6-8 cm long, the upper cuts are cut flatly, the lower cuts are cut and obliquely cut, the cut cutting slips are soaked by a sterilization agent and then are cut into a seedling raising plug tray with 50 meshes, and the cutting medium is peat and perlite (3: 1). The air humidity of the cutting seedlings is 80%. Covering a shading net with shading rate of 50% after cuttage, spraying water for 1 time in 1 hour in the daytime and 1 time in 2 hours before rooting (10 days) and outplanting within 10 days by using a timing spraying device, and spraying leaf surfaces once with 0.25% urea liquid fertilizer every week.
The planting time is as follows: planting in ten days of 4-5 months, topping for 3 times, and picking buds for 3 times; performing first topping before underground field planting of the seedlings, cutting off top buds on the upper parts and reserving 4-6 leaves; carrying out second topping about 25 days after the planting; and carrying out third topping 20 days after the second topping. Topping and cutting off terminal buds at the upper parts of the branches for the second time, and keeping 3-5 leaves; topping is finished before 7 months, each topping is carried out on sunny days, and all the cut terminal buds are taken out of the chrysanthemum and destroyed; bud picking for 2-3 times; and reserving the number of flower buds on each flowering branch and wiping off redundant flower buds according to the requirements of the number and quality of target products in the current year. The method comprises the steps of collecting plots mainly comprising high-grade flowers, timely erasing redundant flower buds from late 8 months to half month before collection, wherein the standard for erasing the flower buds is that 2-3 flower buds at the top end of each flowering branch are reserved, and other flower buds are erased completely for 3-4 times; picking up the second and third flowers as the main plot does not need bud picking.
And (3) topdressing time: before differentiation of the Huang Ju bud (middle-upper ten days in 8 months).
And (3) top application mode: a ditch of 2-10cm is opened at a position 5cm away from the root of the Huangju, and soil is covered after fertilization. And 5 additional fertilizers are arranged before flower bud differentiation for matched application treatment: treating 1(CK), wherein 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate are used as basic additional fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen to potassium is 1: 1.2; treating 2, namely 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 1 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 1 part by weight of borax, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treating 3, namely 55.25 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 8.5 parts by weight of urea and 12.75 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treatment 4, namely 74.75 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 11.5 parts by weight of urea and 17.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; and 5, treating the mixture by using 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 20 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.5.
Fertilizer content: organic fertilizer (containing 4.73% of nitrogen, 4.38% of phosphorus and 2.06% of potassium), urea (containing 45% of nitrogen), potassium sulfate (containing 50% of potassium), borax (containing 1% of boron) and zinc sulfate (containing 1% of zinc).
The top dressing proportioning method comprises the following steps: the dosage of each mu is 130 jin of organic fertilizer, 20 jin of urea, 30 jin of potassium sulfate, 2 jin of zinc sulfate and 2 jin of borax.
Harvesting time: in the first ten days of the month 11. And (4) standard harvesting: 70% of small flowers in the center of the head-shaped inflorescence at the top of the Huang chrysanthemum plant are scattered, and flowers begin to be collected; collecting the dry dew in sunny days without collecting dew flowers and rain flowers;
sorting the Huang chrysanthemum: the diameter of the superfine flower is more than 5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.5 cm; the diameter of the first-level flower is more than 4-5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.0-3.5 cm; the diameter of the second-level flower is 3-4cm, and the thickness is 2.5-3.0 cm.
And (3) processing and storing: drying, airing and storing in a refrigeration house.
Before flower bud differentiation, 5 topdressing treatments are arranged: treating 1(CK), wherein 65kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 15kg of potassium sulfate (basic additional fertilizer) have a nitrogen-potassium ratio of 1: 1.2; treating 2, namely 65kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of urea, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 1kg of borax, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treatment 3, 55.25kg of organic fertilizer, 8.5kg of urea and 12.75kg of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:1.2 (compared with basic additional fertilizer, the dosage is reduced by 15%); treatment 4, namely 74.75kg of organic fertilizer, 11.5kg of urea and 17.25kg of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:1.2 (compared with basic additional fertilizer, the using amount is increased by 15%); and 5, treating the mixture by using 65kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 20kg of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the number of the special grade flowers of 5 dressing treatments of the chrysanthemums is remarkably different, the number of the special grade flowers of the chrysanthemums is represented by treatment 2> treatment 5> treatment 1> treatment 3> treatment 4, and the treatment 2 and the treatment 5 are respectively improved by 167.9% and 66.7% compared with the treatment 1 (CK). The number of first-level flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is represented by treatment 2, treatment 5, treatment 1, treatment 3 and treatment 4, the treatment 2, the treatment 1 and the treatment 5 are obviously different from the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, and the treatment 2 and the treatment 5 are respectively improved by 17.5 percent and 15.0 percent compared with the treatment 1. The number of the secondary flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is represented by treatment 4, treatment 3, treatment 5, treatment 1 and treatment 2, compared with treatment 1, the treatment 4, the treatment 3 and the treatment 5 are respectively improved by 56.7 percent, 54.2 percent and 15.3 percent, and the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are obviously different from the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 5.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the fresh weight of the special grade flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is expressed as treatment 2> treatment 5> treatment 1> treatment 3> treatment 4, the fresh weight of the special grade flowers between the treatments is obviously different, and the fresh weight of the special grade flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is respectively increased by 131.6% and 50.0% by the treatment 2 and the treatment 5 compared with the treatment 1 (CK). The fresh weight of the first-level flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is represented by treatment 2, treatment 5, treatment 1, treatment 3 and treatment 4, the treatment 2, the treatment 5 and the treatment 1 are obviously different from the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, and the treatment 2 and the treatment 5 are respectively improved by 1.2 percent and 0.8 percent compared with the treatment 1. The fresh weight of the second-level flowers of the royal chrysanthemum is represented by treatment 4, treatment 3, treatment 5, treatment 1 and treatment 2, the differences of the treatment 2, the treatment 5 and the treatment 1 from the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are obvious, and the treatment 4, the treatment 3 and the treatment 5 are respectively improved by 59.2 percent, 55.6 percent and 8.8 percent compared with the treatment 1.
The test shows that: the content of each mineral element potassium in the chrysanthemum plant is higher, and proper potassium fertilizer application can obviously improve the nutrition condition, promote the growth of the plant, promote the flower bud differentiation of the plant, and improve the number and fresh weight of flowers, thereby obviously improving the yield and quality of the chrysanthemum. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in a matching way, and the zinc and boron are additionally applied on the basis of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that the growth and development of the florists chrysanthemum can be promoted, and the yield of the florists chrysanthemum is improved. The number and the weight of the special grade flowers in the treatment 2 are higher than those in other treatments and are obviously different, so that the number of the special grade flowers can be increased by adding trace elements of boron and zinc, the number and the weight of the special grade flowers in the treatment 5 are higher than those in the treatment 1, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 and reach obvious levels, and the number and the weight of the special grade flowers can be increased by increasing the using amount of a potassium fertilizer.
The number and fresh weight of the first-class flowers of the treatments 2, 5 and 1 were higher than those of the treatments 3 and 4, and reached significant levels, but the differences between the treatments 2, 5 and 1 were not significant. The fertilizer application amount is increased or decreased, and the number and fresh weight of the first-grade flowers are reduced. The number and the weight of second-grade flowers in the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are obviously higher than those in the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 5, which indicates that the fertilizing amount is increased or reduced, so that the chrysanthemum is mainly the second-grade flowers, and the number and the fresh weight of special-grade flowers, first-grade flowers are obviously reduced.
According to experimental research results, fertilization with different proportions influences the yield of the royal chrysanthemum, the yield of the royal chrysanthemum is treated by a special-grade flower yield treatment 2, a treatment 5, a treatment 1, a treatment 3 and a treatment 4, the yield of the royal chrysanthemum is treated by a first-grade flower yield treatment 2, the treatment 5, the treatment 1, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, and the number of the royal chrysanthemum flowers in the second grade is expressed by the treatment 4, the treatment 3, the treatment 5, the treatment 1 and the treatment 2. The market price of the Huangju is 58 Yuan.duo-1 for special-price flowers, 23 Yuan.duo-1 for first-level flowers and 10 Yuan.duo-1 for second-level flowers, therefore, the fertilizer application mode is selected according to the market demand target products and the economic benefit of enterprises, and the directional cultivation mode can be realized.
Claims (8)
1. The method for applying fertilizers and application rates to the chrysanthemums is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a, field trimming;
b, cutting seedlings;
c, planting time: planting in ten days of 4-5 months, topping for 3 times, and picking buds for 3 times;
d, topdressing time: before differentiation of the Huang chrysanthemum buds (middle-upper ten days in 8 months);
harvesting time: 11 in the first ten days of the month; and (4) standard harvesting: 70% of small flowers in the center of the head-shaped inflorescence at the top of the Huang chrysanthemum plant are scattered, and flowers begin to be collected; collecting the dry dew in sunny days without collecting dew flowers and rain flowers;
sorting the Huang chrysanthemum: the diameter of the superfine flower is more than 5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.5 cm; the diameter of the first-level flower is more than 4-5cm, and the thickness is more than 3.0-3.5 cm; the diameter of the second-level flower is 3-4cm, and the thickness is 2.5-3.0 cm.
And (3) processing and storing: drying, airing and storing in a refrigeration house.
2. The method for applying fertilizer and fertilizer application rates to Huang Ju according to claim 1, wherein the step d of top application is implemented by 5 top application treatments before flower bud differentiation: treating 1(CK), wherein 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate are used as basic additional fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen to potassium is 1: 1.2; treating 2, namely 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 1 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 1 part by weight of borax, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treating 3, namely 55.25 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 8.5 parts by weight of urea and 12.75 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; treatment 4, namely 74.75 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 11.5 parts by weight of urea and 17.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.2; and 5, treating the mixture by using 65 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of urea and 20 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, wherein the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 1.5.
3. The method for fertilizing and applying the application amount of the Huangju according to claim 1, wherein the soil is ploughed before planting in step c, the depth is about 25cm, the ridging is carried out after leveling and raking is fine, the ridge width is 1 m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the inter-ridge ditch width is 20-40cm, an inverted trapezoid is formed, single-plant staggered planting (Huangju plants are planted in a triangle shape), and 1 plant is planted in each hole; the planting density is 50 x 60cm, 600-.
4. The method for applying fertilizer and applying the application amount of the chrysanthemums according to claim 1, wherein, the step b is to select the cutting slips which are consistent in growth, full in development and free from diseases and insect pests; uniformly selecting the cutting slips with the height of 6-8 cm, cutting the cutting slips horizontally at the upper part, cutting the cutting slips obliquely at the lower part, soaking the cut cutting slips in a sterilization agent, and then cutting the cutting slips into a seedling raising plug tray with 50 meshes, wherein a cutting medium is peat and perlite (the weight ratio is 3: 1); the air humidity of the cutting seedlings is 80%; covering a shading net with shading rate of 50% after cuttage, spraying water for 1 time in 1 hour in the daytime and 1 time in 2 hours before rooting (10 days) and outplanting within 10 days by using a timing spraying device, and spraying leaf surfaces once with 0.25% urea liquid fertilizer every week.
5. The method for fertilizing and applying the amount of the chrysanthemums according to the claim 1, characterized in that, the topping in the step c is carried out 3 times, the first topping is carried out before the underground field planting of the seedlings, the top buds at the upper part are cut off and 4-6 leaves are reserved; carrying out second topping about 25 days after the planting; and carrying out third topping 20 days after the second topping. Topping and cutting off terminal buds at the upper parts of the branches for the second time, and keeping 3-5 leaves; topping is finished before 7 months, each topping is carried out on sunny days, and all the cut terminal buds are taken out of the chrysanthemum and destroyed; bud picking for 2-3 times; and reserving the number of flower buds on each flowering branch and wiping off redundant flower buds according to the requirements of the number and quality of target products in the current year. The method comprises the steps of collecting plots mainly comprising high-grade flowers, timely erasing redundant flower buds from late 8 months to half month before collection, wherein the standard for erasing the flower buds is that 2-3 flower buds at the top end of each flowering branch are reserved, and other flower buds are erased completely for 3-4 times; picking up the second and third flowers as the main plot does not need bud picking.
6. The method for applying fertilizer and application amount of Huang chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the step e is the top application mode: a ditch of 2-10cm is opened at a position 5cm away from the root of the Huangju, and soil is covered after fertilization.
7. The method for fertilizing and applying the amount of the chrysanthemums according to the claim 2, characterized in that the organic fertilizer contains 4.73% of nitrogen, 4.38% of phosphorus and 2.06% of potassium by weight; the urea contains 45 weight percent of nitrogen, 50 weight percent of potassium sulfate, 1 weight percent of boron and 1 weight percent of zinc sulfate.
8. The method for applying fertilizer and proportioning the application amount of Huang chrysanthemum according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the additional fertilizer and proportioning is 130 jin of organic fertilizer, 20 jin of urea, 30 jin of potassium sulfate, 2 jin of zinc sulfate and 2 jin of borax per mu.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2099177A5 (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1972-03-10 | Grace W R Ltd | Synthetic soil substrate - from compressed peat moss/ vermiculite mixtures |
| CN104855127A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-08-26 | 刘伟 | Chrysanthemum cultivation method |
| CN109247205A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽喜乐田园生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of spun gold emperor chrysanthemum method for non-polluted cultivation |
-
2020
- 2020-05-07 CN CN202010238013.8A patent/CN111386998A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2099177A5 (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1972-03-10 | Grace W R Ltd | Synthetic soil substrate - from compressed peat moss/ vermiculite mixtures |
| CN104855127A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-08-26 | 刘伟 | Chrysanthemum cultivation method |
| CN109247205A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽喜乐田园生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of spun gold emperor chrysanthemum method for non-polluted cultivation |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 周婧 等: "不同追肥配施对皇菊产量效益的影响", 《浙江农业科学》 * |
| 李强: "《现代农业实用技术系列丛书 设施育苗技术》", 31 January 2017, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
| 齐永红 等: "《无公害中药材规范化栽培管理技术》", 31 December 2016, 山西科学技术出版社 * |
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