CN111381178B - Method and system for estimating health state of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method and system for estimating health state of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for estimating the health state of a lithium ion battery, wherein the estimation method comprises the following steps: obtaining the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery; acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging; acquiring a charging current value of the lithium ion battery within charging time; acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value; acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off; and calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target charge state value and the charge cut-off charge state value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity. The method realizes real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data, corrects the charge state value of the battery at the beginning of charging, improves the estimation accuracy, has wide applicability, and is suitable for estimating the SOH under different charging temperatures and different charging multiplying powers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a method and a system for estimating the health state of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is used as a power source of the electric automobile and has the advantages of high specific energy and specific power, high working voltage, long service life and the like. With the wide use of lithium ions, the SOH (state of health) of the battery is accurately estimated, so that the practicability and safety of the battery can be improved, the characteristics of the battery can be fully exerted on the battery replacement operation of an electric automobile, the service life of the battery is prolonged, the economy is improved, and the operation cost of an enterprise is reduced.
The factors affecting the state of health SOH of the battery are very numerous and many parameters are difficult to measure in real time, making the SOH estimation process complicated and difficult. The SOH estimation method of the battery health state of the electric vehicle mainly comprises the following steps: 1) Experiment charge and discharge test: carrying out laboratory charge and discharge test on the battery to evaluate the SOH of the battery; 2) Internal resistance analysis method: the internal resistance is one of the important factors influencing the battery capacity, and as the service life of the battery increases, the internal resistance of the battery gradually increases, and the capacity gradually decreases. According to the relation between the internal resistance and the SOH, the health state of the battery can be estimated; 3) And (3) modeling method: the battery health state estimation model is established to estimate the battery health state by analyzing the aging process of the battery and combining with the service life experimental data of the power battery.
However, the above methods for estimating state of health SOH of lithium ion battery of electric vehicle have the following disadvantages: 1) The experimental charging and discharging test method depends on the load, can only be off-line and cannot carry out real-time measurement, and has long test time; 2) The internal resistance is easily influenced by temperature by an internal resistance analysis method, and the internal resistance of the battery changes little in the previous period, so that the difficulty of estimating SOH by using the internal resistance analysis method is increased, and the accuracy is reduced; 3) The model method has the disadvantages of more influence factors needing to be obtained, large experimental amount, and more investment of manpower, material resources and time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the SOH estimation method of the health state of the lithium battery of the electric vehicle in the prior art has the defects of dependence on load, offline but not real-time measurement, long test time, unsatisfactory estimation accuracy and the like, and the invention aims to provide the SOH estimation method.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery;
acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
when the lithium ion battery is charged, acquiring a charging current value of the lithium ion battery within charging time;
acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value;
acquiring a charge cut-off state-of-charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
and calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target charge state value and the charge cut-off charge state value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery comprises:
the rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values and a plurality of first open circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested, are obtained.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging includes:
taking the charge state value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system at the beginning of charging as the target charge state value; or the like, or, alternatively,
the step of obtaining the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging comprises the following steps:
before the lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi is set for a first set time, and first standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery in the set time are collected;
establishing a first curve according to the corresponding relation between the first standing voltage value and the different time points;
fitting the first curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a second open-circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
and acquiring a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the second open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first state of charge value as the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the charge cut-off includes:
taking the state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system when the charging is cut off as the charging cut-off state of charge value; or the like, or a combination thereof,
the step of obtaining the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off comprises the following steps:
when the lithium ion battery is charged and stopped, the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi is set for a second time, and second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery in the set time are collected;
establishing a second curve according to the corresponding relation between the second standing voltage value and the different time points;
fitting the second curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a third open circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
and acquiring a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the third open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first charge state value as the charge cut-off charge state value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off.
Preferably, the step of calculating the state of health value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity, and the actual charge capacity includes:
calculating a difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cutoff state of charge value;
and judging whether the difference exceeds a set threshold value, and if so, calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
Preferably, the calculation formula corresponding to the step of obtaining the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value is as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicates the start time of charging, t n Representing a charge cut-off time, I representing the charge current value, C representing a charge capacitance capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k representing a temperature coefficient, a representing a charge rate coefficient, C A Representing an actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the formula corresponding to the step of calculating the state of health value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity is as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％
wherein Δ SOC represents the difference, SOC 0 Representing said target state of charge, SOC F Representing said charge cut-off state-of-charge value, SOH representing said state-of-health value, C R Representing the rated capacity.
The invention also provides a system for estimating the state of health of the lithium ion battery, which comprises a data acquisition module, a target state of charge acquisition module, a charging current value acquisition module, an actual charging capacity acquisition module, a cut-off state of charge acquisition module and a state of health calculation module:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the target charge state acquisition module is used for acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
the charging current value acquisition module is used for acquiring the charging current value of the lithium ion battery in the charging time when the lithium ion battery is charged;
the actual charging capacity acquisition module is used for acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value;
the cut-off state of charge acquisition module is used for acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
the health state calculation module is used for calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target charge state value and the charge cut-off charge state value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity.
Preferably, the data acquisition module is configured to acquire the rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values, and a plurality of first open circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested.
Preferably, the target state of charge acquisition module is configured to use a state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system at the start of charging as the target state of charge value; or the like, or, alternatively,
the target charge state acquisition module comprises a first standing voltage acquisition unit, a first curve establishment unit, a first open-circuit voltage acquisition unit and a target charge state acquisition unit;
the standing voltage acquisition unit is used for setting the lithium ion Chi Jing for a set time before the lithium ion battery is charged, and acquiring standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the curve establishing unit is used for establishing a curve according to the corresponding relation between the standing voltage value and the different time points;
the open-circuit voltage acquisition unit is used for fitting the curve by adopting a least square method to acquire a second open-circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
the target state of charge acquisition unit is configured to acquire a first open-circuit voltage value that is the same as the second open-circuit voltage in the first open-circuit voltage values, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the start of charging.
Preferably, the cut-off state of charge obtaining module is configured to use a state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system when charging is cut off as the charge cut-off state of charge value; or the like, or, alternatively,
the cut-off state-of-charge acquisition module comprises a second standing voltage acquisition unit, a second curve establishment unit, a second open-circuit voltage acquisition unit and a cut-off state-of-charge acquisition unit;
the second standing voltage obtaining unit is used for setting the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi for a second set time when the charging of the lithium ion battery is cut off, and collecting second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the second curve establishing unit is used for establishing a second curve according to the corresponding relation between the second standing voltage value and the different time points;
the second open-circuit voltage obtaining unit is used for fitting the second curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a third open-circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
the cut-off state of charge acquisition unit is configured to acquire a first open circuit voltage value that is the same as the third open circuit voltage value among the first open circuit voltage values, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when charging is cut off.
Preferably, the health state calculation module comprises a difference calculation unit, a judgment unit and a health state calculation unit;
the difference value calculating unit is used for calculating the difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the difference value exceeds a set threshold value, and if the difference value exceeds the set threshold value, the health state calculating unit is called to calculate the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
Preferably, the actual charging capacity obtaining module obtains a calculation formula corresponding to the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicating the start of chargingTime, t n Representing a charge cut-off time, I representing the charge current value, C representing a charge capacitance capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k representing a temperature coefficient, a representing a charge rate coefficient, C A Representing an actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the health state calculation module calculates a formula corresponding to the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％
wherein Δ SOC represents the difference, SOC 0 Representing said target state of charge, SOC F Representing said charge cut-off state-of-charge value, SOH representing said state-of-health value, C R Representing the rated capacity.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the state of charge value of the battery at the beginning of charging is corrected, so that SOH estimation errors caused by inaccurate state of charge value of the battery at the beginning of charging in the battery management system in the prior art are avoided; the charging data of the battery is acquired, so that the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, errors caused by SOH estimation due to the change of the state of charge value, the temperature and the multiplying power at the beginning of charging are effectively reduced, and the estimation accuracy is improved; in addition, the estimation method has wide applicability and is suitable for estimating the SOH under different charging temperatures and different charging multiplying powers; and manpower, material resources and time are saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a state of health of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fitted curve of the state of health rest voltage of the lithium ion battery of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a state of health estimation system of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a state of health estimation system of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a state of health estimation system of a lithium ion battery according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery according to the present embodiment includes:
s101, obtaining the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery;
s102, acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
s103, acquiring a charging current value of the lithium ion battery in charging time when the lithium ion battery is charged;
s104, acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery in the charging time according to the charging current value;
s105, acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
and S106, calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target charge state value and the charge cut-off charge state value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity.
In the embodiment, the charging data of the battery is acquired, so that the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, and the estimation accuracy is improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the method for estimating the state of health of the lithium ion battery is a further improvement of embodiment 1, specifically:
step S101 includes:
s1011, obtaining the rated capacity, the plurality of first state of charge values and the plurality of first open-circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested.
Specifically, the rated capacity, the first state of charge value and the corresponding first open-circuit voltage value of a general lithium ion battery are all provided by manufacturers for producing the lithium ion battery; if the manufacturer does not provide relevant data, the data can be directly measured and obtained in a laboratory, a corresponding OCV-SOC (open circuit voltage-state of charge) curve is drawn according to the first state of charge value and the first open circuit voltage value corresponding to the first state of charge value, and then the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery and the OCV-SOC curve obtained through measurement are uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
Step S102 includes:
and S1021, taking the charge state value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system at the beginning of charging as a target charge state value.
Step S105 includes:
s1051, taking the state of charge value of a lithium ion battery in a battery management system at the charge cut-off time as a charge cut-off state of charge value;
the step S106 includes:
s1061, calculating a difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
and S1062, judging whether the difference exceeds a set threshold, and if so, calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
In the embodiment, based on the state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging in the battery management system as the target state of charge value and the real-time charging data of the battery, the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, and the estimation accuracy is improved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the method for estimating the state of health of the lithium ion battery is a further improvement of embodiment 1, specifically:
step S101 includes:
s1011, obtaining the rated capacity, the plurality of first state of charge values and the plurality of first open-circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested.
Specifically, the rated capacity, the first state of charge value and the corresponding first open-circuit voltage value of a general lithium ion battery are all provided by manufacturers for producing the lithium ion battery; if the manufacturer does not provide relevant data, the data can be directly measured and obtained in a laboratory, a corresponding OCV-SOC (open circuit voltage-state of charge) curve is drawn according to the first state of charge value and the first open circuit voltage value corresponding to the first state of charge value, and then the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery and the OCV-SOC curve obtained through measurement are uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
Step S102 includes:
s1022, before the lithium ion battery is charged to be started, chi Jingzhi of the lithium ion battery is set for a first set time, and first standing voltage values corresponding to different time points in the set time of the lithium ion battery are collected;
s1023, establishing a first curve according to the corresponding relation between the first standing voltage value and different time points;
s1024, fitting the first curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a second open-circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
and S1025, acquiring a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the second open-circuit voltage in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first state of charge value as a target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging.
Step S105 includes:
s1052, when the lithium ion battery is charged to be cut off, setting the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi for a second set time, and collecting second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery in the set time;
s1053, establishing a second curve according to the corresponding relation between the second standing voltage value and different time points;
s1054, fitting the second curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a third open-circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
s1055, obtaining a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the third open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first state of charge value as a charge cut-off state of charge value when the lithium ion battery is cut off in charging. Namely, the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the charging start time and the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the charging stop time are respectively corrected to improve the accuracy of estimating the SOH of the battery.
Step S106 includes:
s1061, calculating a difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
and S1062, judging whether the difference exceeds a set threshold, and if so, calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
Specifically, before the lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium ion battery is placed for 2 minutes, then, voltage values of the lithium ion battery which are placed at different time points within 2 minutes are detected, a voltage-time curve is formed, and the voltage-time curve is uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
In a big data cloud platform, according to a curve equation corresponding to the voltage-time curve: u0= U2-U1 × exp (-t/w), where U0 is a charging initial voltage, and a second open-circuit voltage OCV 0 Corresponding; and t is standing time, U 2 、U 1 And w are position parameters, and the first curve is fitted by adopting a least square method to obtain a second open-circuit voltage OCV of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging 0 (ii) a Then, the OCV-SOC curve is searched out to find the second open-circuit voltage OCV 0 The first state of charge value corresponding to the value is the charging of the lithium ion batteryInitial target state of charge SOC 0 。
The calculation formula corresponding to step S104 is as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicates the start time of charging, t n Denotes a charge off time, I denotes a charge current value, C denotes a charge capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k denotes a temperature coefficient, a denotes a charge rate coefficient, C denotes a charge capacity coefficient A Representing the actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery. And k and a are obtained by laboratory tests, and the multiplying power and the temperature coefficient of lithium ion batteries of different models and different materials are different.
Specifically, the calculation formula corresponding to step S106 is as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
and SOH = C when Δ SOC > 0.5 A /(△SOC*C R )*100％，SOC 0 Representing a target state of charge value, C R Indicating rated capacity, SOC F Representing a charge cut-off state-of-charge value, Δ SOC representing a difference value, SOH representing a state-of-health value; and when the delta SOC is less than or equal to 0.5, discarding the charging data measured this time.
The SOH estimation process is described below with reference to specific examples:
1) Rated capacity C of lithium ion battery at normal temperature R Charging at 0.3C (36 Ah) in a temperature environment of 15 deg.C for 120Ah, and reading SOC value at the beginning of charging from a battery management system 0 19.6%, state of charge value SOC at charge cut-off F The content was 99.2%. The battery is assumed to have a charge rate coefficient a of 1.05 and a temperature coefficient k of 0.96.
2) As shown in fig. 4, the data according to the voltage of the battery as a function of time was fitted using the curve equation U0= U2-U1 × exp (-t/w) (where the horizontal axis represents time, unit: s; the vertical axis represents voltage, unit: a voltage V; a isCurve before fitting, b curve after fitting) to obtain U 2 ＝292.3，U 1 =2.641,w =585.3, and further obtains U 0 =292.3-2.641 exp (-t/585.3), standing voltage at which the lithium ion battery was left standing for 2 hours: u shape 0 ＝292.3-2.641*Exp(-7200/585.3)≈292.3V。
3) Calculating the charging capacity of the battery according to the current and time integration of the charging process:
4)C A ＝k*a*C＝0.96*1.05*86.89＝87.59Ah；
5)△SOC＝99.2-19.6＝79.6％；
6)SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％＝87.59/(0.796*120)*100％＝91.6％；
by analogy, the process of acquiring the corresponding SOH by different lithium ion batteries (i.e., serial numbers 2 to 10) in table 1 below is similar to the process of acquiring the corresponding SOH by the above battery (i.e., battery corresponding to serial number 1), and is not described here again.
Wherein, the serial numbers 11 and 12 are the condition that the delta SOC is less than or equal to 0.5, the measured charging data can not meet the requirement and needs to be abandoned.
In the embodiment, the SOH estimation accuracy of the battery is improved by respectively correcting the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging and the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the end of charging; the charging data of the battery is acquired, so that the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, errors caused by SOH estimation due to the change of the state of charge value, the temperature and the multiplying power at the beginning of charging are effectively reduced, and the estimation accuracy is improved; in addition, the estimation method has wider applicability and is suitable for estimating the SOH under different charging temperatures and different charging multiplying powers; the practicability is strong, and the lithium ion battery of the electric automobile does not need to be charged and discharged in a fixed depth; saving manpower, material resources and time.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 5, the estimation system of the state of health of the lithium ion battery in this embodiment includes a data acquisition module 1, a target state of charge acquisition module 2, a charging current value acquisition module 3, an actual charging capacity acquisition module 4, a cut-off state of charge acquisition module 5, and a state of health calculation module 6.
The data acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the target charge state acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
the charging current value acquisition module 3 is used for acquiring the charging current value of the lithium ion battery in the charging time when the lithium ion battery is charged;
the actual charging capacity obtaining module 4 is used for obtaining the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value;
the cut-off state of charge acquisition module 5 is used for acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
the health state calculation module 6 is used for calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity.
In the embodiment, the charging data of the battery is acquired, so that the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, and the estimation accuracy is improved.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment of the system for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery is a further improvement of embodiment 4, specifically:
the data acquisition module 1 is configured to acquire a rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values, and a plurality of first open-circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested.
Specifically, the rated capacity, the first state of charge value and the corresponding first open-circuit voltage value of a general lithium ion battery are all provided by manufacturers for producing the lithium ion battery; if the manufacturer does not provide relevant data, the data can be directly measured and obtained in a laboratory, a corresponding OCV-SOC (open circuit voltage-state of charge) curve is drawn according to the first state of charge value and the first open circuit voltage value corresponding to the first state of charge value, and then the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery and the OCV-SOC curve obtained through measurement are uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
The target state of charge acquisition module 2 is configured to use a state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system at the start of charging as a target state of charge value.
The cut-off state of charge acquisition module 5 is configured to use a state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system when the charging is cut off as a charging cut-off state of charge value.
The health state calculation module 6 includes a difference calculation unit 61, a judgment unit 62, and a health state calculation unit 63.
The difference value calculating unit 61 is configured to calculate a difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
the judging unit 62 is configured to judge whether the difference exceeds a set threshold, and if so, invoke the health state calculating unit 63 to calculate a health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity, and the actual charging capacity.
In the embodiment, based on the state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging in the battery management system as the target state of charge value and the real-time charging data of the battery, the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, and the estimation accuracy is improved.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment of the system for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery is a further improvement of embodiment 4, specifically:
the data acquisition module 1 is configured to acquire a rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values, and a plurality of first open-circuit voltage values corresponding to the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested.
Specifically, the rated capacity, the first state of charge value and the corresponding first open-circuit voltage value of a general lithium ion battery are all provided by manufacturers for producing the lithium ion battery; if the manufacturer does not provide relevant data, the data can be directly measured and obtained in a laboratory, a corresponding OCV-SOC (open circuit voltage-state of charge) curve is drawn according to the first state of charge value and the first open circuit voltage value corresponding to the first state of charge value, and then the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery and the OCV-SOC curve obtained through measurement are uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
The target state of charge acquisition module 2 includes a first rest voltage acquisition unit 21, a first curve establishment unit 22, a first open-circuit voltage acquisition unit 23, and a target state of charge acquisition unit 24.
The first standing voltage obtaining unit 21 is configured to set a first time for the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi before the lithium ion battery starts to be charged, and collect standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the first curve establishing unit 22 is configured to establish a first curve according to a corresponding relationship between the standing voltage value and different time points;
the first open-circuit voltage obtaining unit 23 is configured to fit the first curve by using a least square method, and obtain a second open-circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery at the start of charging;
the target state of charge obtaining unit 24 is configured to obtain a first open-circuit voltage value that is the same as the second open-circuit voltage in the first open-circuit voltage value, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as a target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the start of charging.
The cut-off state of charge acquisition module 5 includes a second rest voltage acquisition unit 51, a second curve establishment unit 52, a second open-circuit voltage acquisition unit 53, and a cut-off state of charge acquisition unit 54.
The second standing voltage obtaining unit 51 is configured to set a second time for the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi when the lithium ion battery is turned off during charging, and acquire second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the second curve establishing unit 52 is configured to establish a second curve according to a corresponding relationship between the second standing voltage value and different time points;
the second open-circuit voltage obtaining unit 53 is configured to fit the second curve by using a least square method, and obtain a third open-circuit voltage value when the charging of the lithium ion battery is stopped;
the cut-off state of charge obtaining unit 54 is configured to obtain a first open-circuit voltage value that is the same as the third open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off.
Namely, the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the charging start time and the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the charging stop time are respectively corrected to improve the accuracy of estimating the SOH of the battery.
The health state calculation module 6 includes a difference calculation unit 61, a judgment unit 62, and a health state calculation unit 63.
The difference value calculating unit 61 is configured to calculate a difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
the judging unit 62 is configured to judge whether the difference exceeds a set threshold, and if so, invoke the health state calculating unit 63 to calculate a health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity, and the actual charging capacity.
Specifically, before the lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium ion battery is placed for 2 minutes, then, voltage values of the lithium ion battery which are placed at different time points within 2 minutes are detected, a voltage-time curve is formed, and the voltage-time curve is uploaded and stored in a big data cloud platform.
In a big data cloud platform, according to a curve equation corresponding to the voltage-time curve: u0= U2-U1 × exp (-t/w), where U0 is a charging initial voltage, and a second open-circuit voltage OCV 0 Corresponding; and t is standing time, U 2 、U 1 And w are position parameters, and the curve is fitted by adopting a least square method to obtain a second open-circuit voltage OCV of the lithium ion battery at the initial charging time 0 (ii) a Then, the OCV and the second open-circuit voltage OCV are found out in the above-mentioned OCV-SOC curve 0 The first state of charge value corresponding to the value is the target state of charge value SOC of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging 0 。
The actual charging capacity obtaining module 4 obtains a calculation formula corresponding to the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery in the charging time according to the charging current value as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicates the start time of charging, t n Denotes a charge off time, I denotes a charge current value, C denotes a charge capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k denotes a temperature coefficient, a denotes a charge rate coefficient, C denotes a charge capacity coefficient A Represents the actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery; wherein k and a are obtained by laboratory tests, and the multiplying power and the temperature coefficient of lithium ion batteries of different types and different materials are different.
The health state calculation module 6 calculates a formula corresponding to the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
and SOH = C when Δ SOC > 0.5 A /(△SOC*C R )*100％，SOC 0 Representing a target state of charge value, C R Indicating rated capacity, SOC F Representing a charge cut-off state-of-charge value,. DELTA.SOC represents a difference value, and SOH represents a state-of-health value; and when the delta SOC is less than or equal to 0.5, discarding the charging data measured this time.
The SOH estimation process is described below with reference to specific examples:
1) Rated capacity C of lithium ion battery at normal temperature R Charging at 0.3C (36 Ah) in a temperature environment of 15 deg.C for 120Ah, and reading SOC value at the beginning of charging from a battery management system 0 19.6%, state of charge value SOC at charge cut-off F The content was 99.2%. Assume that the battery has a charge rate coefficient a of 1.05 and a temperature coefficient k of 0.96.
2) As shown in fig. 4, the data according to the voltage of the battery over time was fitted using the curve equation U0= U2-U1 x exp (-t/w) (where the horizontal axis represents time, unit: s; the vertical axis represents voltage, unit: a voltage V; the a curve is the condition before fitting, the b curve is the condition after fitting), and U is obtained 2 ＝292.3，U 1 =2.641,w =585.3, and further obtains U 0 =292.3-2.641 exp (-t/585.3), standing voltage at which the lithium ion battery was left standing for 2 hours: u shape 0 ＝292.3-2.641*Exp(-7200/585.3)≈292.3V。
3) Calculating the charging capacity of the battery according to the current and time integral of the charging process:
4)C A ＝k*a*C＝0.96*1.05*86.89＝87.59Ah；
5)△SOC＝99.2-19.6＝79.6％；
6)SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％＝87.59/(0.796*120)*100％＝91.6％；
by analogy, the process of acquiring the corresponding SOH by the different lithium ion batteries (i.e. the batteries corresponding to the serial numbers 2 to 10) in the following table 1 is similar to the process of acquiring the corresponding SOH by the batteries corresponding to the serial number 1, and is not described again here.
Wherein, the serial numbers 11 and 12 are the condition that the delta SOC is less than or equal to 0.5, the measured charging data can not meet the requirement and needs to be abandoned.
In the embodiment, the SOH estimation accuracy of the battery is improved by respectively correcting the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging and the SOC value of the lithium ion battery at the end of charging; the charging data of the battery is acquired, so that the real-time online estimation of the health state of the battery based on the charging data is realized, the problem that the health state of the battery can only be estimated offline in the prior art is solved, errors caused by SOH estimation due to the change of the state of charge value, the temperature and the multiplying power at the beginning of charging are effectively reduced, and the estimation accuracy is improved; in addition, the estimation method has wider applicability and is suitable for estimating the SOH under different charging temperatures and different charging multiplying powers; the practicability is strong, and the lithium ion battery of the electric automobile does not need to be charged and discharged in a fixed depth; saving manpower, material resources and time.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of estimating a state of health of a lithium ion battery, the method comprising:
obtaining the rated capacity of the lithium ion battery; the method specifically comprises the steps of obtaining the rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values and a plurality of first open-circuit voltage values which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, wherein the rated capacity, the plurality of first state of charge values and the plurality of first open-circuit voltage values are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested;
acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
when the lithium ion battery is charged, acquiring a charging current value of the lithium ion battery within charging time;
acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value;
acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity;
the step of obtaining the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging comprises the following steps:
before the lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi is set for a first set time, and first standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery in the set time are collected;
establishing a first curve according to the corresponding relation between the first standing voltage value and the different time points;
fitting the first curve by adopting a least square method, and acquiring a second open-circuit voltage value corresponding to the standing time of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging according to the first curve obtained by fitting;
and acquiring a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the second open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first state of charge value as the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging.
2. The method of estimating the state of health of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium-ion battery at charge cut-off comprises:
taking the state of charge value of the lithium ion battery in the battery management system when the charging is cut off as the charging cut-off state of charge value; or the like, or, alternatively,
the step of obtaining the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off comprises the following steps:
when the lithium ion battery is charged and stopped, the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi is set for a second time, and second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery in the set time are collected;
establishing a second curve according to the corresponding relation between the second standing voltage value and the different time points;
fitting the second curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a third open circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
and acquiring a first open-circuit voltage value which is the same as the third open-circuit voltage value in the first open-circuit voltage values, and taking the corresponding first charge state value as the charge cut-off charge state value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off.
3. The method of estimating the state of health of a lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the state of health value of the lithium-ion battery based on the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity, and the actual charge capacity comprises:
calculating a difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cutoff state of charge value;
and judging whether the difference exceeds a set threshold value, and if so, calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery during the charging time according to the charging current value corresponds to a calculation formula as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicates the start time of charging, t n Representing a charge cut-off time, I representing the charge current value, C representing a charge capacitance capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k representing a temperature coefficient, a representing a charge rate coefficient, C A Representing an actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the formula corresponding to the step of calculating the state of health value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity is as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％
wherein Δ SOC represents the difference, SOC 0 Representing said target state of charge value, SOC F Representing said charge cut-off state-of-charge value, SOH representing said state-of-health value, C R Representing the rated capacity.
5. The system for estimating the state of health of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a target state of charge acquisition module, a charging current value acquisition module, an actual charging capacity acquisition module, a cut-off state of charge acquisition module and a state of health calculation module:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the rated capacity of a lithium ion battery, and specifically is used for acquiring the rated capacity, a plurality of first state of charge values and a plurality of first open-circuit voltage values which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first state of charge values of the lithium ion battery, which are measured when the lithium ion battery is initially tested;
the target charge state acquisition module is used for acquiring a target charge state value of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging;
the charging current value acquisition module is used for acquiring the charging current value of the lithium ion battery in the charging time when the lithium ion battery is charged;
the actual charging capacity acquisition module is used for acquiring the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery within the charging time according to the charging current value;
the cut-off state of charge acquisition module is used for acquiring a charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
the health state calculation module is used for calculating the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value between the target charge state value and the charge cut-off charge state value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity;
the target charge state acquisition module comprises a first standing voltage acquisition unit, a first curve establishment unit, a first open-circuit voltage acquisition unit and a target charge state acquisition unit;
the standing voltage acquisition unit is used for setting the lithium ion Chi Jing for a set time before the lithium ion battery is charged, and acquiring standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the first curve establishing unit is used for establishing a first curve according to the corresponding relation between the static voltage value and the different time points;
the first open-circuit voltage acquisition unit is used for fitting the first curve by adopting a least square method and acquiring a second open-circuit voltage value corresponding to the standing time of the lithium ion battery at the beginning of charging according to the first curve obtained by fitting;
the target state of charge acquisition unit is configured to acquire a first open-circuit voltage value that is the same as the second open-circuit voltage value among the first open-circuit voltage values, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as the target state of charge value of the lithium ion battery at the start of charging.
6. The state-of-health estimation system of a lithium-ion battery of claim 5, wherein the cut-off state-of-charge acquisition module is configured to use a state-of-charge value of the lithium-ion battery at cut-off of charging in a battery management system as the cut-off state-of-charge value; or the like, or, alternatively,
the cut-off state-of-charge acquisition module comprises a second standing voltage acquisition unit, a second curve establishment unit, a second open-circuit voltage acquisition unit and a cut-off state-of-charge acquisition unit;
the second standing voltage obtaining unit is used for setting the lithium ion Chi Jingzhi for a second set time when the charging of the lithium ion battery is cut off, and collecting second standing voltage values corresponding to different time points of the lithium ion battery within the set time;
the second curve establishing unit is used for establishing a second curve according to the corresponding relation between the second standing voltage value and the different time points;
the second open-circuit voltage obtaining unit is used for fitting the second curve by adopting a least square method to obtain a third open-circuit voltage value of the lithium ion battery when the charging is cut off;
the cut-off state of charge acquisition unit is configured to acquire a first open circuit voltage value that is the same as the third open circuit voltage value among the first open circuit voltage values, and use the corresponding first state of charge value as the charge cut-off state of charge value of the lithium ion battery when charging is cut off.
7. The system for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the state of health calculation module includes a difference calculation unit, a judgment unit, and a state of health calculation unit;
the difference value calculating unit is used for calculating the difference value between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the difference value exceeds a set threshold value, and if the difference value exceeds the set threshold value, the health state calculating unit is called to calculate the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference value, the rated capacity and the actual charging capacity.
8. The system for estimating the state of health of a lithium ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the actual charging capacity obtaining module obtains a calculation formula corresponding to the actual charging capacity of the lithium ion battery in the charging time according to the charging current value as follows:
C A ＝k*a*C
wherein, t 0 Indicates the start time of charging, t n Representing a charge cut-off time, I representing the charge current value, C representing a charge capacitance capacity of the lithium ion battery obtained by the charge current value, k representing a temperature coefficient, a representing a charge rate coefficient, C A Representing an actual charge capacity of the lithium ion battery;
the health state calculation module calculates a formula corresponding to the health state value of the lithium ion battery according to the difference between the target state of charge value and the charge cut-off state of charge value, the rated capacity and the actual charge capacity as follows:
△SOC＝SOC F -SOC 0
SOH＝C A /(△SOC*C R )*100％
wherein Δ SOC represents the difference, SOC 0 Representing said target state of charge, SOC F Representing said charge cut-off state-of-charge value, SOH representing said state-of-health value, C R Representing the rated capacity.
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| CN112924869B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2023-08-29 | 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for determining health state of battery pack |
| CN113093040A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-09 | 领翌技术(横琴)有限公司 | Method, device and system for evaluating health degree of battery of electric vehicle |
| CN113466716A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Battery health state measuring and calculating method and related equipment |
| US11422199B1 (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2022-08-23 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited | State of health evaluation of retired lithium-ion batteries and battery modules |
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| CN113484762A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-08 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Battery state of health estimation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN114035095B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏博强新能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium battery SOH estimation method, medium and equipment based on voltage curve inflection point identification |
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