CN111377541A - Double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure and water purification method thereof - Google Patents
Double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure and water purification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure and a water purification method thereof, and the double-kidney type subsurface flow root purification wetland structure comprises a reservoir for introducing sewage and a clean water reservoir for discharging clean water, wherein the reservoir and the clean water reservoir are communicated through a wetland main body; the wetland main body comprises a shallow treatment stepped region and a deep treatment stepped region which are connected in series, and a water outlet of the deep treatment stepped region and an ecological ditch are communicated to the clean water tank; shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area all form through the dyke along isolated, shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area's relative dyke along isolated play ecological ditch, ecological ditch be located shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing between the ladder, the cistern is put through with shallow processing shoulder area. The dissolved oxygen gradient can be utilized, so that the aerobic zone, the anoxic zone and the anaerobic zone coexist in the filler layer, the hydraulic retention time of the system is properly prolonged, and the scientific purification efficiency of the mechanism is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water treatment method systems, in particular to a double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure and a water purification method thereof.
Background
The artificial wetland is an artificial ecosystem established based on simulation of natural wetland environment, the artificial wetland is firstly established in 1974 in Germany for sewage treatment, and different types of artificial wetlands are sequentially established in various countries in the world for treating different waste water. The research of the artificial wetland is started later in China, and after more than 40 years of research and practice, the artificial wetland is used for purifying industrial wastewater, tail water of a sewage treatment plant, rural domestic sewage, garbage leachate, river flow micro-polluted water, farmland drainage, rainfall runoff, ice and snow melt water and the like.
The artificial wetland can be divided into a surface flow artificial wetland, a horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland and a vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland according to different water flow modes in the artificial wetland system. The different types of artificial wetlands have respective structural characteristics and are suitable for different water body projects.
The industrial ecological wetland technology has better treatment effect, higher technical implementation and better landscape ecology on sewage, thereby being one of indispensable technologies for treating sewage in scale. The current research situation of the artificial ecological wetland technology is integrated, and the following defects exist in the optimization and the deepened utilization of the technology:
(1) different artificial wetland types have different characteristics, how to make up for deficiencies, and the adaptability of the artificial wetland to target wastewater is different, so that the selection of the proper artificial wetland type, substrate type and particle size, plant type and configuration mode and operation parameters aiming at different water quality characteristics of inlet water and regional landscape characteristics is the key of stable and efficient operation of the artificial wetland.
(2) The research of the artificial wetland micro technology is enhanced, and technical support is provided for the optimization design and implementation of the artificial wetland. The matrix, the plants and the configuration mode are important influence factors of the operating efficiency of the artificial wetland, so that the optimal design and exploration of the matrix, the plants and the corresponding configuration mode are carried out by starting from corresponding micro-technical composition links and combining different water quality characteristics; in addition, in the engineering application of artificial wetland, experimental research is mostly performed on the aspects of artificial wetland hydraulic load, pollution load, hydraulic retention time and the like, but less attention is paid to substrate combination, plant configuration, water inlet mode and the like, and further efforts are made on the research aspect of corresponding microtechnology.
(3) The artificial wetland decontamination mechanism needs to be researched, the artificial wetland has different removal characteristics on different pollutants, and the optimal removal of the pollutants has special requirements on the micro-link of the artificial wetland, so the research on the artificial wetland decontamination mechanism is enhanced to feed back the optimization of the artificial wetland micro-technology, and the method has higher theoretical guiding significance on the optimization design and implementation of the artificial wetland,
the existing horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland has a plurality of defects, such as easy blockage by solid suspended matters and accumulated organic matters, poor oxygen environment in a matrix layer and the like, and limits the functions of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the matching combination of the subsurface flow wetland in the prior art and more approximate the problems of the prior subsurface flow wetland and plant matching, and provides a double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure and a water purification method thereof.
The invention aims to solve the problems and is realized by the following technical scheme:
a double-kidney type subsurface flow root system purification wetland structure comprises a reservoir for introducing sewage and a clean water reservoir for discharging clean water:
the reservoir and the clean water tank are communicated through the wetland main body;
the wetland main body comprises a shallow treatment stepped region and a deep treatment stepped region which are connected in series, and a water outlet of the deep treatment stepped region and an ecological ditch are communicated to the clean water tank;
shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area all form through the dyke along isolated, shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area's relative dyke along isolated play ecological ditch, ecological ditch be located shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing between the ladder, the cistern is put through with shallow processing shoulder area.
Furthermore, the shallow processing stepped region and the deep processing stepped region have the same structure and are distributed in 180-degree turnover symmetry.
Further, the shallow treatment stepped area comprises a undercurrent area and an overflow area;
the undercurrent area is sequentially provided with a broken stone filler layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick pyroxene ceramic grain layer from top to bottom;
the overflow area is sequentially provided with a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint rock ceramsite layer from top to bottom.
Further, emergent aquatic plants grow in both the underflow area and the overflow area.
Furthermore, the underflow area and the overflow area are separated by a water-resisting embankment, and the vertical height of the overflow area is any value between two fifths and one half of the vertical height of the underflow area.
Furthermore, a submerged pipe is pre-embedded in the thick flint rock ceramsite layer in the subsurface flow area, and the tail end of the submerged pipe penetrates into the thick flint rock ceramsite layer in the overflow area through a waterproof dike.
Furthermore, an overflow area of the shallow processing stepped area is communicated with a subsurface flow area of the deep processing stepped area through a water pipe, and the heights of the subsurface flow area, the overflow area of the shallow processing stepped area, the subsurface flow area of the deep processing stepped area and the overflow area are gradually reduced.
A double-kidney type subsurface flow root system purification wetland water treatment method comprises the above one double-kidney type subsurface flow root system purification wetland structure, and comprises the following steps,
s1, sewage pretreatment, namely draining sewage into a reservoir, wherein a sewage inlet is positioned at the lower part of the reservoir, aeration is continuously performed in the reservoir, ecological cement is paved on the reservoir, submerged plants are arranged in the grass mud, a wire mesh fabric is stretched, a filler is suspended on the wire mesh fabric, the sewage stays for 24 hours often, and the flow rate in the reservoir is 300-500 t/d;
s2, undercurrent primary water feeding purification, wherein sewage is drained from a water storage tank into an undercurrent area of a shallow treatment stepped area, the undercurrent area is a closed tank body, emergent water plants are arranged in the undercurrent area, the integral infiltration time of the water is 48-72 hours, the water permeates downwards, the water enters an undercurrent pipe through a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint ceramsite layer in the permeation process and flows to the bottom of an overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area, the water gradually permeates from bottom to top, the clean water in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area stays for 48 hours, and waterweeds, armyworm paniculata and golden fish algae diving plants are planted in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area;
s3, step seepage water purification, wherein an overflow area of the shallow treatment step area is drained to a subsurface flow area of the deep treatment step area of the low-lying position through a water diversion channel, and the step S2 is repeated;
and S4, discharging purified water, discharging the purified water in an overflow area of the deep step area into the ecological ditch, and draining the purified water in the ecological ditch into a clean water tank.
Furthermore, the tail end in the ecological ditch is provided with an upward arched radian, and liquid higher than the arc top is taken and discharged into the clean water tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by combining the current situation characteristics of the natural environment of the river in the local mountain area and the characteristics of cold winter in the north, the key technical research on the control of the warehousing non-point source pollution of ecological bank protection, ecological ditches, artificial surface flow wetlands, artificial subsurface flow wetlands and the like is developed, the warehousing non-point source pollution is effectively reduced, and the functions of guaranteeing the ecological barrier function of the water quality of the warehousing river, regulating the water storage amount, performing emergency treatment on sudden pollution events and the like are achieved.
By restoring wetland plants, strengthening the wetland ecosystem, constructing an artificial natural wetland, carrying out technical verification and demonstration by relying on the upstream water ecological wetland protection and restoration engineering of the reservoir in the official hall of Huaiyuan county, and carrying out field tests and laboratory detection and analysis, the main water quality detection indexes of the artificial natural wetland reach the IV standard requirements, the aim of improving the water quality is fulfilled, the water quality is stabilized in the IV standard of the surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002), the water quality locally reaches the III water, and the water quality of the river to be warehoused is comprehensively improved.
The dissolved oxygen gradient can be utilized to ensure that the aerobic zone, the anoxic zone and the anaerobic zone coexist in the filler layer, and the hydraulic retention time of the system is properly increased, so that the improvement of the denitrification capability of the system is facilitated, the optimization of the hydraulic flow state and the improvement of the purification effect of the wetland system are facilitated, and the treatment effect of the system on the wastewater is better than that of a high-level and low-level infiltration line vertical flow wetland. Researches of Qin and Irish provinces and the like find that the position of the water outlet has obvious influence on the purification of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland, compared with the bottom effluent, the removal rates of TN, SS and COD of the middle effluent are respectively improved by 8.01%, 8.48% and 7.99%, but the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and TP are respectively reduced by 26.25% and 21.21%. Therefore, the position of the water outlet can be flexibly set according to the concentration of the pollutants in the wastewater.
According to the invention, water flow is uniformly distributed on the surface of the whole matrix layer through the water distribution main pipes and the branch pipes on the surface of the matrix, freely flows downwards and vertically through the whole matrix bed body, and is collected and discharged out of the system through the water collecting pipe network at the bottom of the matrix.
Compared with the artificial wetland with the gravel matrix, the horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland with the ceramsite matrix has more thorough conversion of organic pollutants to low-carbon small molecules and better removal effect on the organic pollutants in the tail water of a sewage treatment plant.
The horizontal undercurrent artificial wetland is combined with the infiltration-rising and infiltration-falling wetland to form a composite flow artificial wetland, the defect of the horizontal undercurrent artificial wetland is overcome, the cooperative advantages of different wetlands are brought into play, the high-density planted reeds in wetland units and at the edges are high, the reed variety is selected from the variety with thick and strong stems, the high-density reeds formed after the reeds grow are not harvested in winter, the reed stems are utilized to block the wind, and the reeds naturally wither to form a covering layer for heat preservation; the water level adjusting well is arranged at the water outlet of the wetland unit, the water level adjusting pipe is arranged in the well, the traditional method for cutting off the reeds in the wetland unit in winter is improved, and the reeds and the reed rods are used for heat preservation, so that the normal operation of the wetland in winter seasons is ensured, secondary pollution is avoided, and the ecological effect is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the overall constitution of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a map of the location and level of the underflow and overflow areas;
FIG. 3 is a view of arrangement of the ecological trench;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating nitrogen contribution rate of aquatic plants;
FIG. 5 is a graph of nitrogen accumulation by aquatic plants;
FIG. 6 shows the amount of phosphorus accumulated by aquatic plants;
FIG. 7 aquatic plant phosphorus contribution rate;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the first month monitoring at monitoring points of 5 sampling points of COD values;
FIG. 9 is a second February monitoring diagram at monitoring points of 5 sampling points of COD value;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the monitoring of the COD value at 5 sampling points in the third month;
FIG. 11 is a monitoring chart of the March at monitoring points of 5 sampling points of COD value;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in COD value of the influent QT1 over 7 months;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the change in COD value at internal monitoring point QT2 over 7 months;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the change in COD value at internal monitoring point QT3 over 7 months;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the change in COD value at internal monitoring point QT4 over 7 months;
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the change in COD value at internal monitoring point QT5 over 7 months;
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the trend of the removal rate of COD;
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the change of the first-month removal rate of ammonia nitrogen;
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the change of the total ammonia nitrogen removal rate in the second month;
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the change of the removal rate of the whole ammonia nitrogen in the third month;
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the change of the removal rate of the whole ammonia nitrogen in the fourth month;
FIG. 22 is a graph showing the change of the removal rate of the whole ammonia nitrogen in the fifth month;
FIG. 23 is a graph showing the ammonia nitrogen value change of an internal monitoring point QT1 in 7 months;
FIG. 24 is a graph showing the ammonia nitrogen value change of an internal monitoring point QT2 in 7 months;
FIG. 25 is a graph showing the ammonia nitrogen value change of an internal monitoring point QT3 in 7 months;
FIG. 26 is a graph showing the ammonia nitrogen value change of an internal monitoring point QT5 in 7 months;
FIG. 27 is a graph showing the overall change of the ammonia nitrogen value in 7 months;
FIG. 28 is a graph showing the overall change of ammonia nitrogen;
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-3:
provides a double-kidney subsurface flow root system purification wetland structure, which comprises a reservoir 1 for introducing sewage and a clean water reservoir 4 for discharging clean water,
the reservoir and the clean water tank are communicated through the wetland main body;
the wetland main body comprises a shallow treatment stepped region a and a deep treatment stepped region b which are connected in series, and a water outlet and an ecological ditch c of the deep treatment stepped region are communicated to the clean water tank;
shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area all form through the dyke along isolated, shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area's relative dyke along isolated play ecological ditch, ecological ditch be located shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing between the ladder, the cistern is put through with shallow processing shoulder area.
The shallow processing stepped region and the deep processing stepped region have the same structure and are distributed in 180-degree turnover symmetry, and the shallow processing stepped region comprises a undercurrent region and an overflow region; the reverse-adjustment positions of the shallow processing step area and the deep processing step area are opposite end to end,
as shown in fig. 2, the undercurrent area sequentially comprises a broken stone filler layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer, a thick pyroxene ceramic particle layer and a sponge supporting layer from top to bottom, and fillers are pre-buried in the thick pyroxene ceramic particle layer; the overflow area is sequentially provided with a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint rock ceramsite layer from top to bottom. Emergent aquatic plants grow in the undercurrent area and the overflow area, the emergent aquatic plants are selected from any one or combination of the small cattail, the leafy float herb, the small iris and the curly pondweed, and the small cattail, the leafy float herb and the small cattail are harvested in winter.
The subsurface flow area and the overflow area are separated by a water-resisting embankment, the vertical height of the overflow area is any value between two fifths to one half of the vertical height of the subsurface flow area, the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area is communicated with the subsurface flow area of the deep treatment stepped area through a water pipe, and the height among the subsurface flow area, the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area, the subsurface flow area of the deep treatment stepped area and the overflow area is gradually reduced to form a stepped water treatment wetland system with gradually reduced height.
Submerged pipes are pre-embedded in the thick flint rock ceramsite layer in the subsurface flow area, submerged pipes are also pre-embedded in the sponge supporting block, and the tail end outlets of the two submerged pipes commonly penetrate through the water-resisting dike to the thick flint rock ceramsite layer in the overflow area
As shown in FIG. 4, this figure shows the contribution rate of nitrogen uptake by 7 aquatic plants used in the present invention. The nitrogen absorption contribution rate of the typha minima (root) is the largest, and the nitrogen absorption contribution rate of the root of both emergent aquatic plants is larger than that of the stem leaf. The nitrogen absorption contribution rate of the typha minima (root) is 29.71 percent, the nitrogen absorption contribution rate of the iris lactea (root) is 3.58 percent, and the nitrogen absorption contribution rate of the typha minima (stem leaf) is as follows: 9.73%, the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption of potamogeton pectinatus is as follows: 5.30%, the contribution rate of absorbing the Iris lactea nitrogen is as follows: 3.58%, the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption of curly pondweed is 3.19%, the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption of potamogeton pumila is 2.07%, and the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption of spicate foxtail algae is: 1.58%, the lowest contribution rate of nitrogen absorption is 0.15% of the golden pisciculture. The significance analysis revealed that the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption by typha minima (root) and irisquinone iris (root) was significantly different from that of each of the other plants at the level of 0.05. The nitrogen uptake contribution rates of the remaining various aquatic plants did not differ significantly during this 4 month period.
FIG. 5 shows the respective accumulation amounts of nitrogen by aquatic plants in the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, in the experiment, the nitrogen accumulation amount of the typha minima (roots) is the highest, and the order of the nitrogen accumulation amounts of the 7 aquatic plants is as follows: cattail root, curly iris, potamogeton crispus, leafflower eyeweed, cattail, ear-flower watermifoil, rush, etc. Wherein the nitrogen accumulation of Typha minima (root) is as follows: 20.23g/m2, the Chinese iris (root) nitrogen accumulation is as follows: 3.34g/m2, the nitrogen accumulation amount of curly pondweed is: 1.79g/m2, wherein the nitrogen accumulation amount of potamogeton floatus is as follows: 0.48g/m2, wherein the nitrogen accumulation of typha minima (stem and leaf part) is as follows: 0.43g/m2, and the nitrogen accumulation amount of the foxtail cocklebur is as follows: 0.26g/m2, and the nitrogen accumulation of the iris lactea (stem leaf part) is as follows: 0.16g/m2, wherein the nitrogen accumulation amount of the potamogeton pectinatus is as follows: -0.12 g/m2, the hornwort nitrogen accumulation is: -2.06 g/m 2. Through significance analysis, the nitrogen accumulation amount of typha minima (root), iris lactuca (root), curly pondweed, hornwort and the like in the whole experimental process is obviously different from that of other aquatic plants on the level of 0.05.
The absorption rate of nitrogen is 8 months, the TN removal rate of the hornwort, the typha minima, the foxtail algae, the potamogeton pumila and the potamogeton pectinatus is relatively high, and the potamogeton crispus is the lowest; until 9 months, the TN removal rate of the purpleflower watermifoil, the golden fish algae, the potamogeton pectinatus, the potamogeton floatus and the typha orientalis is higher, and the potamogeton crispus is the lowest; until 10 months, the TN removal rate of the golden fish algae, the purpleaf foxtail algae, the small iris, the leafy potamogeton herb and the potamogeton pectinatus is higher, and the potamogeton crispus is the lowest; until the month is 11, TN removal rate of the Goldfish algae, the curly pondweed and the potamogeton pectinatus is higher, and the Iris lactea is the lowest at the moment; the removal rate of curly pondweed TN is highest when the curly pondweed herb is 12 months, and the curly pondweed herb, the small cattail, the potamogeton buergerianum and the potamogeton pectinatus are lower.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the respective cumulative amounts of phosphorus for 7 aquatic plants according to the present invention. The specific sequence of the phosphorus accumulation of the 7 aquatic plants in the experiment is as follows: cattail pollen root, small rush, curly pondweed, small cattail pollen, leafflower eyeweed, small rush, ear flower watercress, hairy antler, watercress eyeweed, goldfish algae; wherein the phosphorus accumulation amount of the small cattail root is as follows: 5.64g/m2, the phosphorus accumulation amount of the iris lactea root is as follows: 0.93g/m2, the accumulated amount of potamogeton crispus is: 0.58g/m2, the phosphorus accumulation amount of typha minima is: 0.36g/m2, the phosphorus accumulation amount of potamogeton floatus is as follows: 0.12g/m2, the phosphorus accumulation amount of the Chinese iris is as follows: 0.11g/m2, and the phosphorus accumulation amount of the foxtail cocklebur is as follows: 0.07g/m2, wherein the phosphorus accumulation amount of the potamogeton pectinatus is as follows: -0.004 g/m2, the accumulated amount of phosphorus of the hornworts being: 0.57g/m 2.
Through significance analysis, in the whole experiment process, the phosphorus accumulation amount of the typha minima (roots) and the irisquinone iris (roots) is obviously different from that of other aquatic plants on the level of 0.05, the significant difference does not exist among the potamogeton buergerianum, the irisquilla floribunda and the potamogeton pectinifera, and the significant difference exists between the goldfish algae and other aquatic plants.
As shown in FIG. 7, this figure shows the contribution rate of nitrogen uptake in 7 aquatic plants of the present invention. Among the 7 aquatic plants in this experiment, the root of Typha microphylla has the greatest contribution rate to phosphorus absorption. Wherein, the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the typha minima (root) is as follows: 33.38%, the contribution rate of phosphorus absorption by iris lactea (stem and leaf) is 13.04%, and the contribution rate of phosphorus absorption by iris lactea (root) is: 12.66%, the contribution rate of phosphorus absorption of typha minima (stem and leaf) is: 11.94%, the contribution rate of phosphorus absorption of curly pondweed is: 4.02%, the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of potamogeton floatus is as follows: 2.54%, the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the myriophyllum spicatum is as follows: 2.31%, the contribution rate of phosphorus absorption of potamogeton pectinatus is as follows: 1.15 percent, the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the golden fish algae is the lowest, and is only 0.85 percent. Through significance analysis, the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the typha minima and other aquatic plants in the whole experimental process are remarkably different at the level of 0.05, and the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the golden carp algae is not remarkably different from that of the foxtail spicatus, the potamogeton pumila and the potamogeton pectinatus.
The TP removal rate of the small cattail and the small iris is higher, the TP removal rate of the curly pondweed and the curly pondweed is the lowest, and the TP removal rate is not obviously different from the TP removal rate of the two blank groups; until 9 months, the TP removal rate of the small iris lactea and the small leafflower eyeweed is relatively high, and the TP removal rate of the golden fish algae, the purpleflower algae and the curly pondweed is relatively low; when the period reaches 10 months, the TP removal rate of 4 aquatic plants of the leafy potamogeton herb, the purpleflower watermifoil, the potamogeton pectinatus and the curly iris is relatively high, and the TP removal rate of the typha minima, the hornworts and the curly pondweed is relatively low; the TP removal rate of the potamogeton floatus is highest and the TP removal rate of the goldfish algae is lowest in 11 months; when the period reaches 12 months, the TP removal rate of the potamogeton crispus and the potamogeton crispus is relatively high, and the TP removal rate of the chrysophyceae is lowest. The phosphorus absorption contribution rate of each aquatic plant is analyzed by combining the change of the initial biomass and the final biomass of each aquatic plant and the total phosphorus content of the plant, so that the phosphorus accumulation amount and the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the cattail (root) are the largest, the phosphorus accumulation amount and the phosphorus absorption contribution rate of the golden carp algae are the lowest, and the plant net growth amount and the phosphorus accumulation amount of the golden carp algae have negative values in the whole experiment process, which indicates that the golden carp algae rot in 12 months, and part of phosphorus in the plant body is released to a water body.
Before the water body restoration project enters winter, the goldfish algae should be salvaged, the potamogeton pectinatus and the foxtail algae should be salvaged before the winter, and meanwhile, the stem and leaf parts of the iris lactea and the cattail are harvested. So as to avoid the increase of TP concentration in the water body caused by the release of plant total phosphorus into the water body.
As can be seen from the above, the aquatic plants remove nitrogen components from the water body by absorbing, transforming and enriching the nitrogen in the water. The removal of the nitrogen in the water body depends on the ways of aquatic plant absorption, substrate and root system adsorption, microbial degradation and the like, and also has the ways of ammonia volatilization, nitrification, denitrification and the like.
Phosphorus is an essential element for plant growth. The common phosphorus existing in sewage is phosphate, polyphosphate, organic phosphate and the like. Phosphorus which can be directly removed by the plant root system is mainly monovalent phosphate radical ions and divalent phosphate radical ions, and trivalent phosphate radical ions, polyphosphate and organic phosphate cannot be or are difficult to be removed by the plant root system. After phosphorus in the sewage is removed by the plant root system, the phosphorus can be changed into organic components of ATP, DNA, RNA and the like of the plant through assimilation, and then the phosphorus in the water body is removed through harvesting of the plant. Therefore, the removal of phosphorus in the water body depends on the adsorption of the substrate, and also mainly depends on the removal of plants, the adsorption of roots and other ways.
In 8 months, the cattail with higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability has the following nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates: 65.02%, 55.84%; in 9 months, the higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability is the potamogeton floatus, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates are respectively as follows: 88.33 percent and 77.99 percent; when 10 months are near winter, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability of 4 aquatic plants of the leafy eyebright herb, the watermifoil ear flower, the potamogeton pectinatus and the iris lactea is high, and no obvious difference exists on the level of 0.05; when the water caltrop is in 11 months, the nitrogen removal rate of 3 aquatic plants, namely the water caltrop, the purpleflower watermifoil and the potamogeton pectinatus, is higher, and no obvious difference exists on the level of 0.05; the highest TP removal rate is the potamogeton floatus, and the removal rate is 96.28%; when the potamogeton crispus is in real time and months in winter of 12 months, the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus of the potamogeton crispus is highest, and the removal rate is respectively as follows: 83.29% and 96.08%.
By the winter months, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of the roots of the Typha minima and the Iris lactea is always high. In the aerial part, the contribution rate of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption is reduced due to apoptosis. Except for potamogeton crispus, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of water bodies in other six aquatic plant groups are continuously reduced in summer, but the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the water bodies are increased due to decay and decay of the plants in winter. The change trend of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water body in the potamogeton crispus group is opposite.
4 kinds of aquatic plants including typha minima, potamogeton pumila, iris lactuca and potamogeton crispus are selected for matching and planting, and high nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate in different seasons is guaranteed.
There is provided a method for treating wetland water purification with double-kidney type subsurface flow root system, comprising the wetland structure with double-kidney type subsurface flow root system purification as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, sewage pretreatment, namely draining sewage into a reservoir, wherein a sewage inlet is positioned at the lower part of the reservoir, aeration is continuously performed in the reservoir, ecological cement is paved on the reservoir, submerged plants are arranged in the grass mud, a wire mesh fabric is stretched, a filler is suspended on the wire mesh fabric, the sewage stays for 24 hours often, and the flow rate in the reservoir is 300-500 t/d;
s2, undercurrent primary water feeding purification, wherein sewage is drained from a water storage tank into an undercurrent area of a shallow treatment stepped area, the undercurrent area is a closed tank body, emergent water plants are arranged in the undercurrent area, the integral infiltration time of the water is 48-72 hours, the water permeates downwards, the water enters an undercurrent pipe through a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint ceramsite layer in the permeation process and flows to the bottom of an overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area, the water gradually permeates from bottom to top, the clean water in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area stays for 48 hours, and waterweeds, armyworm paniculata and golden fish algae diving plants are planted in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area;
s3, step seepage water purification, wherein an overflow area of the shallow treatment step area is drained to a subsurface flow area of the deep treatment step area of the low-lying position through a water diversion channel, and the step S2 is repeated;
and S4, discharging purified water, discharging the purified water in an overflow area of the deep step area into an ecological ditch, draining the purified water in the ecological ditch into a clean water tank, wherein the tail end in the ecological ditch is provided with an upward arched radian, and taking liquid higher than the arc top to discharge into the clean water tank.
As shown in fig. 8-17, the invention adopts 5 sampling points (inlet water QT1, outlet water QT5, and 3 in the interior (QT2, QT3, QT4)) and detects key pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, etc., and the concentration range of the COD at the monitoring point is 28-48 mg/L, which is between surface water class iii-class v; the removal rate of COD in each month is 23-48%, especially in 12 months in winter, the removal rate can still reach more than 30%; the COD is in a descending trend along the whole wetland treatment module, and the effluent index treatment effect is obvious. The water discharge QT5 of 9, 10 and 12 months meets the IV-class standard, the water discharge of 3 months meets the III-class standard, and the water discharge of 8 and 11 months meets the V-class standard. Therefore, the wetland system has obvious COD treatment effect, most of wetland effluent indexes meet IV standard requirements, and especially can meet III standard requirements in 12 months in winter.
As shown in FIGS. 18-26, the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the monitoring point is in the range of 0.25-1.45 mg/L and is between II and IV of surface water; the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in each month is between 10 and 80 percent, and particularly in 12 months in winter, the removal rate can still reach more than 15 percent; the ammonia nitrogen is in a descending trend along the whole wetland treatment module, and the effluent index treatment effect is obvious. The water outlet QT5 of each month meets the class III standard, and the water outlet of the winter months 11, 12 and 3 meets the class II standard. Therefore, the wetland system has particularly obvious ammonia nitrogen treatment effect, and most of wetland effluent indexes meet the requirements of class III standards, and especially can meet the requirements of class II standards in winter.
Claims (9)
1. A double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure comprises a reservoir for introducing sewage and a clean water reservoir for discharging clean water, and is characterized in that:
the reservoir and the clean water tank are communicated through the wetland main body;
the wetland main body comprises a shallow treatment stepped region and a deep treatment stepped region which are connected in series, and a water outlet of the deep treatment stepped region and an ecological ditch are communicated to the clean water tank;
shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area all form through the dyke along isolated, shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing shoulder area's relative dyke along isolated play ecological ditch, ecological ditch be located shallow processing shoulder area and depths processing between the ladder, the cistern is put through with shallow processing shoulder area.
2. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shallow treatment stepped region and the deep treatment stepped region have the same structure and are distributed in 180-degree turnover symmetry.
3. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the shallow treatment stepped region comprises a subsurface flow region and an overflow region;
the undercurrent area is sequentially provided with a broken stone filler layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick pyroxene ceramic grain layer from top to bottom;
the overflow area is sequentially provided with a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint rock ceramsite layer from top to bottom.
4. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure of claim 3, wherein emergent aquatic plants grow in both the subsurface flow area and the overflow area.
5. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the subsurface flow area is separated from the overflow area by a water-stop embankment, and the vertical height of the overflow area is any value between two fifths and one half of the vertical height of the subsurface flow area.
6. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein a subsurface flow tube is pre-embedded in the thick pyroxene ceramsite layer of the subsurface flow region, and the tail end of the subsurface flow tube penetrates into the thick pyroxene ceramsite layer of the overflow region through a water-resisting dike.
7. The double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the overflow area of the shallow treatment step area is communicated with the subsurface flow area of the deep treatment step area through a water pipe, and the height among the subsurface flow area, the overflow area of the shallow treatment step area, the subsurface flow area of the deep treatment step area and the overflow area is gradually reduced.
8. A double-kidney type subsurface flow root system purification wetland water treatment method, which comprises the double-kidney type subsurface flow purification wetland structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, sewage pretreatment, namely draining sewage into a reservoir, wherein a sewage inlet is positioned at the lower part of the reservoir, aeration is continuously performed in the reservoir, ecological cement is paved on the reservoir, submerged plants are arranged in the grass mud, a wire mesh fabric is stretched, a filler is suspended on the wire mesh fabric, the sewage stays for 24 hours often, and the flow rate in the reservoir is 300-500 t/d;
s2, undercurrent primary water feeding purification, wherein sewage is drained from a water storage tank into an undercurrent area of a shallow treatment stepped area, the undercurrent area is a closed tank body, emergent water plants are arranged in the undercurrent area, the integral infiltration time of the water is 48-72 hours, the water permeates downwards, the water enters an undercurrent pipe through a broken stone packing layer, a ramming element soil layer, a fine sand layer and a thick flint ceramsite layer in the permeation process and flows to the bottom of an overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area, the water gradually permeates from bottom to top, the clean water in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area stays for 48 hours, and waterweeds, armyworm paniculata and golden fish algae diving plants are planted in the overflow area of the shallow treatment stepped area;
s3, step seepage water purification, wherein an overflow area of the shallow treatment step area is drained to a subsurface flow area of the deep treatment step area of the low-lying position through a water diversion channel, and the step S2 is repeated;
and S4, discharging purified water, discharging the purified water in an overflow area of the deep step area into the ecological ditch, and draining the purified water in the ecological ditch into a clean water tank.
9. The method for treating wetland water purification by using double-kidney type subsurface flow roots as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tail end in the ecological ditch is provided with an upward arched radian, and liquid higher than the arc top is taken and discharged into the clear water tank.
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