CN210140517U

CN210140517U - Low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system

Info

Publication number: CN210140517U
Application number: CN201920246230.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 俞孔坚; 俞宏前; 周水明; 宋昱; 方渊; 张冰月; 陈昊; 刘云千
Original assignee: Beijing Earth Man City Planning Tsukito Design Inc
Current assignee: Beijing Earth Man City Planning Tsukito Design Inc
Priority date: 2018-12-20
Filing date: 2019-02-26
Publication date: 2020-03-13
Anticipated expiration: 2029-02-26

Abstract

A low-energy-consumption landscape water purification system for surface water comprises a water taking filter port, a water lifting windmill, a submerged pool, a drop wall, a terrace type soil purification bed and an artificial wetland which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction. The water intake is arranged at the bottom of the river/lake and consists of a filter screen and a gravel layer; the water extracting windmill extracts the river/lake water into the submerged pool through the water intake; the water channel at the top of the drop wall is connected with a submerged pool, and the water falling surface is made of rough materials; the terrace-type soil purification bed consists of a plurality of soil purification beds distributed in a terrace manner, and an overflow pipe is arranged between every two adjacent soil purification beds; the constructed wetland comprises a plant comprehensive purification area, a heavy metal purification area, a pathogen purification area and a nutrient purification area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction. The landscape water system realizes sewage filtration, sedimentation, oxygenation, physical purification and biological purification, and can purify the poor five types of water into three types of water. Simultaneously, the design and the function are skillfully integrated, and the water quality can be purified and simultaneously can be used as a landscape for popular science and appreciation of tourists.

Description

Low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a water treatment purification system, in particular to a low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system.

Background

Water is a source of life and one of the most important substances on which humans depend for survival. Since the 80 s in the 20 th century, united nations have given great warnings of water resources to countries in the world, and the continuous development of global economy and society is bound to be restricted due to water shortage, and it is predicted that the world fresh water demand will increase by 40% by 2050, at which time nearly half of the population lives in water-deficient areas. Water shortage has become a significant problem with regard to sustainable development and even national safety.

China is a serious water-deficient country, taking the per capita water resource as an example, the per capita water resource in China is only 1/4 at the world level, 1/5 in the United states, and has become one of the most scarce countries of the per capita water resource all over the world. In recent years, the problem of water pollution in China is becoming more serious, and water resources around us are hurt.

The water quality grades of China are divided into five types, wherein one to three types can be drunk after simple treatment, and four types and below can not be used as drinking water sources. According to the' 2015 publication of environmental conditions in China, less than four types of water in seven water systems in China account for 27.9 percent. The yellow river as the important water source in the north has 38.7 percent of basic loss of using function. By the end of 2015 years, the total amount of wastewater discharged nationwide reaches 735.3 hundred million tons, which is equivalent to a Qinghai lake. The domestic sewage accounts for seven elements, mainly including washing water, excrement water and various domestic wastes, and industrial wastewater and agricultural sewage are also important pollution sources. In the current landscape design, a low-energy landscape water system with a high-efficiency purification function is in a starting stage, and further experiments and exploration are needed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the not enough of prior art existence, the utility model provides a low energy consumption earth's surface water purification landscape water system. Through comprehensive preparation of various purification landscape facilities, the sewage filtration, precipitation, oxygenation, physical purification and biological purification are completed, harmful pollutants in the water body are effectively reduced, the inferior five types of water can be purified into three types of water, and natural invisible water quality self-purification is realized. Meanwhile, the design and the function are skillfully integrated, so that the water quality of the whole water-saving ecological.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model comprises the following technical scheme:

a low-energy-consumption surface water landscape water purification system comprises a water intake 1, a water lifting windmill 2, a submerged pool 3, a drop wall 4, a terrace type soil purification bed 5 and an artificial wetland 6 which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, wherein the water intake 1 is arranged at the bottom of a river/lake and consists of a filter screen 11 and a gravel layer 12;

the water intake 1 is connected with a water intake well 21 of a water lifting windmill, and the water outlet of the water lifting windmill is connected with a submerged pool 3;

the drop wall 4 comprises a top overtopping surface 41 and at least one side falling surface 42; the water passing surface 41 is communicated with the submerged pool 3; the water falling surface is made of rough materials, and the flatness of the water falling surface is +/-1-3 cm;

the terrace-type soil purification bed 5 consists of a plurality of soil purification beds distributed in a terrace manner; the soil purification bed comprises an upper soil layer 51 and a lower filtering layer 52, and retaining walls 56 are arranged on the periphery of each soil purification bed; an overflow pipe 55 passing through the retaining wall is arranged between the adjacent soil purification beds, the inlet of the overflow pipe is arranged at the bottom of the filter layer 52 of the higher-order soil purification bed, the outlet of the overflow pipe is positioned above the soil layer of the lower-order soil purification bed, and the outlet of the overflow pipe is positioned higher than the soil layer of the higher-order soil purification bed and lower than the height of the retaining wall 56 between the two soil purification beds;

the artificial wetland 6 comprises a plant comprehensive purification area 61, a heavy metal purification area 62, a pathogen purification area 63 and a nutrient purification area 64 which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; wherein emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants are planted in the plant comprehensive purification area 61 in a mixed manner, submerged plants are planted in the heavy metal purification area 62, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the pathogen purification area 63, and floating plants and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the nutrient purification area 64.

According to the low-energy-consumption landscape water purification system, the aperture of the filter screen 11 is preferably 10-25 mm, the particle size of the gravel in the gravel layer 12 is preferably 15-30 mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer 12 is preferably 200-300 mm.

According to the low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system, preferably, the height of the drop wall 4 is 1-1.5m, and the falling water surface 42 is a rubble wall built by cement mortar or is built by stacking schists.

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system preferably comprises a soil layer 51, a filter layer 52, a collection pipe network 53 and a water-resisting layer 54 from top to bottom; plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity are planted in the soil layer 51; the filter layer 52 is composed of a sand filter layer, a zeolite layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer; the collection pipe network 53 is arranged in the gravel layer; collect pipe network 53's delivery port connection overflow pipe 55 entry, this overflow pipe has three delivery ports, from top to bottom is in proper order: a rain overflow 553, a paddy overflow 554 and a dry overflow 555; the position of the rain water overflow 553 is higher than the water surface height of the paddy field of the higher soil purification bed and lower than the height of the retaining wall 56 between the two soil purification beds, the position of the paddy field overflow 554 is the water surface height of the paddy field of the higher soil purification bed, and the position of the dry land overflow 555 is slightly lower than the soil surface height of the higher soil purification bed.

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system is characterized in that the thickness of the soil layer 51 is preferably 400-500 mm; the grain diameter of the filter sand in the sand filter layer is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the thickness is 80-100 mm; the thickness of the zeolite layer is 150-200 mm; the particle size of coarse sand in the coarse sand layer is 0.5-0.8 mm, and the thickness is 80-100 mm; the gravel particle diameter in the gravel layer is 15-30 mm, and the thickness is 200-250 mm.

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system is preferably characterized in that the soil purification bed has 3-4 layers, and the length of each layer along the water flow direction is 2-5 m.

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system preferably comprises a plant comprehensive purification area 61, a heavy metal purification area 62, a pathogen purification area 63, a nutrient purification area 64 and a water quality stability control area 65, wherein emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants are planted in the plant comprehensive purification area 61 in a mixed manner;

the plants planted in the heavy metal purification area 62 include submerged plants and a small number of floating plants, and the submerged plants are selected from: red line grass, hornwort, waterweed and curly pondweed, the floating plant is selected from: water hyacinth, water lily and duckweed;

the plants grown in pathogen purification zone 63 are selected from: reed, cattail, cress, calamus, sparganium stoloniferum and rush;

the plants grown in nutrient clean-up zone 64 include emergent aquatic plants and floating plants, the emergent aquatic plants selected from the group consisting of: reed, cymbopogon, canna, cattail, candelilla and rush; the floating plants are selected from: duckweed, Eisenia, Eichhornia, Nymphaea, Cauliflower root and Japanese duckweed;

in the water quality stability control area 65, the emergent aquatic plants, the submerged plants and the floating plants are mixed and planted, and meanwhile, the grass carp, the shrimp and/or the shellfish are thrown to form a complete biologic chain; the emergent aquatic plants are selected from: calamus, allium mongolicum regel, sowthistle tasselflower herb, canna and rush; the submerged plant is selected from: goldfish algae, curly pondweed, and waterweed; the floating plants are selected from: water lily, common selfheal fruit-spike and Japanese duckweed.

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system is characterized in that preferably, the artificial wetland 6 further comprises a gravel purification area 7 and a water storage and maintenance area 8;

the gravel purification area 7 is arranged at the upstream of the plant comprehensive purification area 61 and/or the downstream of the water quality stability control area 65, and the gravel purification area 7 is formed by piling up a plurality of layers of gravel; the total thickness of the gravel layer is 500-800 mm, and the particle size of the gravel is 100-300 mm; and filtering again through a plurality of layers of gravels to filter out various wetland biological materials, thereby outputting clean water for playground and irrigation of the whole inland river. Herbaceous plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity, developed root systems, strong sand fixing capacity and flooding resistance are planted on the gravels;

the water storage and conservation area 8 is a reservoir which is arranged at the downstream of the nutrient purification area 64 or the water quality stabilization control area 65, the water purified by the artificial wetland flows into the water storage and conservation area 8, and a large number of hydrophilic platforms are arranged in the reservoir for people to enjoy and rest.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows: the utility model discloses set up five water purification functional unit and synthesize the purification to surface water such as river, lake. The water purification functional unit is as follows in sequence: the device comprises a water intake, a sink basin, a drop wall, a terrace type soil purification bed and an artificial wetland. The function of each functional unit is as follows:

1. the surface water first filters the floating materials in the water through a filter screen and gravels in the water intake.

2. And then settling in a settling pond to reduce silt and sediment in the water, wherein the step can remove about 40 percent of silt in the water, remove SS and other pollutants carried by the SS, and effectively prevent the blockage of the soil purification bed and reduce the pollution load of the soil purification bed.

3. The precipitated water falls from the falling wall, the water achieves the effects of oxygen exposure and oxygenation through the rough wall surface with the height of 1-1.5m, and the oxygen-enriched water is beneficial to the adsorption and degradation of nutrients by plant roots in the next soil filtration step.

4. The water subjected to falling oxygenation is filtered and purified in multiple steps through a terrace type soil purification bed, and floating substances, impurities and partial nutrients in the water are removed through the adsorption and degradation of plants, soil and a filter layer. The overflow pipe between adjacent soil purification beds utilizes the principle of U-shaped pipe communication, and the paddy field or dry field is planted through controlling the water level. The step can remove organic pollutants (COD), most ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus and reduce partial total nitrogen. The content of nutrients in the water filtered by the soil is greatly reduced, the clarity is improved, and the wetland plant growth conditions are met.

5. The water filtered by the soil enters the artificial wetland, and the water body is comprehensively purified by utilizing the functions of heavy metal adsorption, nutrient absorption and decomposition and antibiotic release of the aquatic plants. According to the purification efficiency of different plants, the method is divided into at least three functional areas which are sequentially as follows: heavy metal purifying area, pathogen purifying area and nutrient purifying area, focus on purifying heavy metal, pathogen and nutrient in proper order. The step can remove most heavy metals, pathogens and total nitrogen, and the effluent reaches the three-class water standard of landscape.

The artificial wetland can also comprise a water quality stability control area, and the function of the area is to keep the water quality stable. Emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants are reasonably arranged in the plant comprehensive purification area, and meanwhile, grass carp, shrimp and shellfish are thrown to form a complete biologic chain.

6. After the water in the inland river is purified by the purification system, the water quality reaches the purification requirement, and the water is injected into the reservoir of the water storage conservation area to be used for the tourists to stand and rest.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that, the utility model discloses with the sewage purification system rational arrangement of multiple different functions, realized sewage filtration, deposit, oxygenation, physics purification and biological purification, effectively reduce harmful contaminant in the water, can purify into three types of water with inferior five types of water. The application example shows that the water area of 1.5 hectare purifies over 1000 tons of inferior water daily. The landscape water system fully utilizes wind power and height difference to push water flow, and low energy consumption is realized. Meanwhile, the purification function and landscape design are skillfully integrated, so that the water quality of the whole water-saving landscape can be improved, and meanwhile, the water-saving landscape can be used as a landscape for tourists to popularize science and enjoy standing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a low-energy surface water purification landscape water system of example 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drop wall in embodiment 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a terrace-type soil purification bed according to example 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the constructed wetland in embodiment 1.

Detailed Description

Example 1 Low energy consumption surface Water landscape Water System (certain Binjiang greenbelt)

The landscape water system is arranged along a river bank on one side. As shown in figure 1, the low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system comprises a water intake 1, a water lifting windmill 2, a submerged pool 3, a drop wall 4, a terrace-type soil purification bed 5 and an artificial wetland 6 which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction.

Water intake

As shown in fig. 1, the intake port 1 is provided at the bottom of a river and is composed of a filter screen 11 and a gravel layer 12. The aperture of the filter screen 11 is 10-25 mm, the particle size of the gravel in the gravel layer 12 is 15-30 mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer 12 is 200-300 mm. The water intake 1 is connected with a water intake well 21 of a water lifting windmill 2, and the water outlet of the water lifting windmill is connected with a submerged pool 3.

(II) sink basin

The water lifting windmill lifts the river water into the ground submerged tank 3 to precipitate the river water, so that about 40% of silt in the water can be removed, SS (suspended solids) and other pollutants carried by the SS are removed, the blockage of the wetland is effectively prevented, and the pollution load of the wetland is reduced. The size of the sink basin is 20m multiplied by 7m multiplied by 2m, the sink basin is built by reinforced concrete with the thickness of 200mm, and the periphery of the sink basin is subjected to seepage-proofing treatment. The lower part of the submerged pool is provided with a C20 concrete foundation mat layer with the thickness of 200mm, graded broken stones with the thickness of 300mm and rammed earth (the ramming coefficient is more than or equal to 0.93).

(III) drop wall

As shown in fig. 2, the drop wall 4 includes a top overflow surface 41 and a side fall surface 42, and the overflow surface 41 communicates with the sink 3. The surface course material of the falling surface 42 builds a 200mm wide gray rubble wall with M7.5 cement mortar (the surface of the rubble wall is inward 30mm and does not see the mortar), and the rubble specification is: the length is 150 mm-900 mm, the width is 200mm, and the height is 150 mm-600 mm; the water-falling wall surface layer can also be formed by piling other rough materials such as schists, and the like, and the materials of the water-falling wall surface layer are staggered, and the flatness is +/-1-3 cm. Lay 1.5m wide stating step on the surface of falling water 42, multiplicable tourist's experience feels, closely experiences lift water purification process. The height of the falling wall is 1-1.5m, and the whole length of the falling wall is 20 m.

Terraced field type soil purifying bed

As shown in fig. 3, the terrace-type soil purification bed 5 is composed of a plurality of soil purification beds distributed in a terrace-type manner. The soil purification bed comprises a soil layer 51, a filtering layer 52, a collecting pipe network 53 and a clay layer 54 from top to bottom in sequence, and retaining walls 56 are arranged on the periphery of each soil purification bed. Plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity, strong oxygen delivery capacity to roots, strong penetration capacity of roots to media and good landscape effect are planted in the soil layer 51. The filtering layer 52 comprises a sand filtering layer, a zeolite layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom in sequence; a collection pipe network 53 is provided in the gravel layer. Be equipped with the overflow pipe 55 that passes through the barricade between the adjacent soil purification bed, the overflow pipe entry is connected with the collection pipe network 53 delivery port of high first-order soil purification bed, and the overflow pipe has three delivery port, from top to bottom does in proper order: a rain overflow 553, a paddy overflow 554 and a dry overflow 555. The position of the rain water overflow 553 is higher than the water surface height of the paddy field of the higher soil purification bed and lower than the height of the retaining wall 56 between the two soil purification beds, the position of the paddy field overflow 554 is the water surface height of the paddy field of the higher soil purification bed, and the position of the dry land overflow 555 is slightly lower than the soil surface height of the higher soil purification bed.

Terraced fields barricade is 400mm wide thick liquid rubble brickwork (rubble wall surface 30mm inwards does not see the mortar), and the rubble specification is: the length is 150 mm-900 mm, the width is 400mm, the height is 150 mm-600 mm, and the height of the retaining wall is 1 m. The thickness of the soil layer 51 is 450 mm; the grain diameter of the filter sand in the sand filter layer is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the thickness is 80 mm; the thickness of the zeolite layer is 150 mm; the particle size of coarse sand in the coarse sand layer is 0.5-0.8 mm, and the thickness is 80 mm; the gravel particle diameter in the gravel layer is 15-30 mm, and the thickness is 200 mm. Tamping the plain soil at the bottom (the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.93), and rolling the clay with the thickness of 600mm on the plain soil in a layered manner. The number of layers of the soil purification bed is 3, and the length of each layer along the water flow direction is averagely 4m, and the width of each layer is 2.5 m.

The plant configuration in the soil purification bed adopts crops (including dry crops and aquatic crops) with soil absorption capacity, and the aquatic crops are as follows: rice, arrowhead, water chestnut, water bamboo, taro, lotus root and the like, wherein the dry crops comprise: wheat, corn, rape, broad bean, etc. A suitable flower plant having soil-absorbing ability, such as: calamus, canna, iris, loosestrife, allium mongolicum regel, cress, polygonum hydropiper and the like.

(V) Artificial wetland

As shown in fig. 4, the artificial wetland 6 comprises seven functional areas arranged in sequence along the water flow direction: a gravel purifying area 7, a plant comprehensive purifying area 61, a heavy metal purifying area 62, a pathogen purifying area 63, a nutrient purifying area 64, a water quality stability control area 65 and a water storage conserving area 8. All the functional areas are isolated by walls, and sewage enters the next functional area in an overflow mode.

1. Gravel purification zone

The gravel purification zone 7 is formed by piling multiple layers of gravel and has the area of 810m²The water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at two ends of the gravel purification area 7; the total thickness of the gravel layer is 0.6m, and the particle size of the gravel is 100-300 mm. The surface water is filtered again through a plurality of layers of gravels to filter out various wetland biological materials, thereby outputting clean water for playground and irrigating the whole garden. Herbaceous plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity, developed root systems, strong sand fixing capacity and flooding resistance are planted on the gravels. Emergent aquatic plants are as follows: reed, wild rice, silvergrass, cress, hygrophytes such as: carex, sedge, ribes.

2. Plant comprehensive purification area

After filtering through a gravel beach, larger suspended matters and a small part of chemical pollutants are removed, and the water quality entering the inner wetland is still poor. In order to ensure that the contact area of water and vegetation is as large as possible, the plant comprehensive purification area 61 is used for comprehensively purifying various pollutants in water by planting emergent, floating and submerged plants in a mixed manner, and the area of the area is 2460 m²。

Under the influence of tide, the water level change is generally between 2.2m (lowest water level) and 3.29m (average high tide level), and the plant flooding resistance is selected to be permanent and intermittent. Plants with comprehensive absorption capacity to various pollutants are selected to be planted, or various plants are planted in a staggered mode. Emergent aquatic plants: reed, wild rice, silvergrass, cress, rhizoma alismatis, calamus and loosestrife; floating plants: eichhornia crassipes, duckweed, and Japanese duckweed; submerged plants: herba Equiseti Arvinsis, and Goldfish algae.

3. Heavy metal purification area

The plants can adsorb and enrich some toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metals of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and the like, and the absorption and accumulation capacities of the plants are as follows: submerged plants > floating plants > emergent plants, the concentration at different sites is also different, generally: root > stem > leaf. Therefore, the heavy metal purification area 62 is mainly planted with submerged plants and is assisted with floating plants. The submerged plants are as follows: red line grass, hornwort, black algae, waterweed and curly pondweed, etc. Floating and leafy plants such as: water hyacinth, water lily, duckweed, etc. Emergent aquatic plants are planted in small quantities, such as: rush, windmill grass, cattail, reed, iris, etc., the area of the area is 1855m²。

4. Pathogen decontamination area

Some aquatic plants can release antibiotics from their roots, and as sewage passes through these aquatic plants, a range of pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella, enterococcus, and the like are removed. The plants in pathogen decontamination area 63 are predominantly emergent aquatic plants, such as: reed, cattail, cress, calamus, sparganium stoloniferum, rush and the like. The area of the region is 3025m²。

5. Nutrient purification zone

The plants in the nutrient purification area 64 absorb a large amount of nutrients such as inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the polluted river water for the plants to grow. Inorganic phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in water are directly absorbed by plants and converted into organic components of proteins, organic nitrogen, ATP, PNA and the like of the plants, and the organic components are removed by harvesting the plants. Most of other nitrogen which is not easily absorbed by plants is degraded by microorganisms in water and soil, and a part of nitrogen is released into the air and a part of nitrogen is absorbed by plants. Rooted plants remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus directly from soil, while floating plants remove nutrients in water. Emergent aquatic plants are as follows: reed, cymbopogon, canna, cattail, candelilla, rush, etc.; the floating plants are as follows: duckweed, herba Eichhorniae, flos Nymphaeae, rhizoma Nelumbinis, and herba Spirodelae with area of 2970m²。

6. Water quality stabilization control area

The river water filtered and purified by the facilities has the water quality meeting the use requirements. In order to keep the water quality stable, the water quality stability control area 65 can be additionally provided with aeration and oxygenation facilities in the water body to improve the oxygen content of the water body, provide good living environment for animals and plants, maintain the stability of an ecological system in the water body and keep the water quality from deteriorating. The plant configuration principle is that emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants are mixed and planted and are synergistically purified. Emergent aquatic plants are as follows: calamus, allium mongolicum regel, bitter herbs, canna, rush, and the like; the submerged plants are as follows: goldfish algae, curly pondweed, waterweed, etc.; the floating plants are as follows: water lily, common selfheal fruit-spike, Japanese pagodatree leaf and the like. Simultaneously feeding grass carp, shrimp and shellfish to form a complete biologic chain, wherein the area of the zone is 2480m²。

7. Water storage and conservation area

The water storage and conservation area 8 is a reservoir, water purified by the artificial wetland flows into the water storage and conservation area, a large number of hydrophilic platforms are arranged in the reservoir for people to enjoy and rest, and the area of the area is 2580m²。

Example 2 example of surface Water purification landscape Water System Using Low energy consumption surface Water purification

River water was purified by using the landscape water system of example 1, and the quality of inlet water and the standard of outlet water are shown in table 1. Water quality of inlet water: poor IV (total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate meet IV, total nitrogen is 5mg/L), target effluent quality: class III (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate all meet).

TABLE 1

Index (I)	COD_Mn	NH₃-N	TP	TN
					Water inlet limit value	≤30mg/L	≤1.5mg/L	≤0.3mg/L	≤5mg/L
Limit of water output	≤20mg/L	≤1.0mg/L	≤0.2mg/L	≤1.0mg/L
					Removal rate of pollution	＞33％	＞33％	＞33％	＞80％

The specific purification steps are as follows:

I. water taking and filtering: river water enters the water intake well through the water intake, and floating objects in the water are filtered by a filter screen and gravels in the water intake. The water extracting windmill extracts water in the water extracting well into a submerged pool on the ground by utilizing wind power.

II, water storage and precipitation: the surface water is precipitated in the sink basin, so that silt and precipitate in the water are reduced. The hydraulic load of the water storage sediment is 1.20-1.78 m³/m³ _{Sink basin}Day, water retention time is: 0.2-0.5 days.

III, drop water oxygenation: the precipitated water is introduced into the water distribution surface of the water falling wall through the water channel and then falls from the water falling surface, and the water falls through the rough wall surface to achieve the effects of oxygen exposure and oxygenation. Water flow rate per linear meter2.21-2.42 m of water falling wall³In terms of hours.

IV, soil filtration: the soil filtration is to carry out layer-by-layer filtration and purification through terraces. The overflow pipe utilizes U type pipe intercommunication principle, confirms through the control water level and plants paddy field and dry land to collect and purify the rainwater. Backfilling soil 1.1 m, and adsorbing and degrading by plants, soil and filter layer to remove organic pollutants (COD), most ammonia nitrogen, partial total nitrogen and partial total phosphorus. The hydraulic load of the soil purification bed is 0.1-0.2 m³/m² _{Soil purification bed}Day, water retention time 1 day.

V, biological purification: the water after the soil filtration enters the artificial wetland, and is divided into at least six functional areas according to the difference of the planted plants, and the functional areas are as follows in sequence: a gravel purification area, a plant comprehensive purification area, a heavy metal purification area, a pathogen purification area, a nutrient purification area and a water quality stability control area.

After the surface water is filtered by the gravel purification area, larger granular suspended matters and a small part of chemical pollutants are removed, and the water quality entering the artificial wetland is still poor. The hydraulic load of the gravel purification area is 0.4-0.6 m³/m² _{Artificial wet land}Day. To ensure that the area of water in contact with the vegetation is as large as possible. The plant comprehensive purification area is used for comprehensively purifying various pollutants in water by planting emerging plants, floating plants and submerged plants in a mixed mode. The hydraulic load of the plant comprehensive purification area is 0.1-0.2 m³/ m² _{Artificial wet land}Day.

Subsequently, the surface water is sequentially and intensively purified of heavy metals, pathogens and nutrients, so that the purification of the whole water quality is achieved. The hydraulic load of the heavy metal purification area is 0.15-0.26 m³/m² _{Artificial wet land}The hydraulic load of the pathogen purification area is 0.1-0.16 m³/m² _{Artificial wet land}The hydraulic load of the nutrient purification area is 0.1-0.16 m³/m² _{Artificial wet land}Day.

At the moment, the water quality reaches the use requirement, the river water enters a water quality stability control area 65, a complete biological chain and a stable ecological system are arranged in the area,the water quality can be kept unchanged. The hydraulic load of the water quality stability control area is 0.15-0.2 m³/m² _{Artificial wet land}Day.

The total retention time of the water in the biological purification area is 14 days.

Water storage and conservation area 8: the water purified by the artificial wetland flows into a reservoir of the water storage and conservation area 8, and a large number of hydrophilic platforms are arranged in the reservoir for people to enjoy and rest.

The river water is purified by applying the steps, and the total water body residence time is as follows: the removal results of contaminants are shown in Table 2 for not less than 15 days.

TABLE 2

The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system has a water area of 1.5 hectares, and can purify 1000 tons of inferior four types of water into landscape three types of water every day; the transparency of the water body is from 0.1 meter to more than 1.2 meters.

Biologically inhabiting birds naturally evolve from 3 to over 30 species. The ecological purification facility can intercept river surface source pollution and adsorb and absorb water body nutrient substances through a water quality ecological purification technology, thereby achieving the purposes of ensuring and improving water quality. The popularization of the project plays an important role in improving the water quality in China.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A low-energy-consumption surface water landscape water purification system is characterized by comprising a water intake (1), a water lifting windmill (2), a submerged pool (3), a water drop wall (4), a terrace-type soil purification bed (5) and an artificial wetland (6) which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, wherein the water intake (1) is arranged at the bottom of a river/lake and consists of a filter screen (11) and a gravel layer (12);

the water intake (1) is connected with a water intake well (21) of a water lifting windmill, and the water outlet of the water lifting windmill is connected with a submerged pool (3);

the drop wall (4) comprises a top water passing surface (41) and at least one side water falling surface (42); the water passing surface (41) is communicated with the submerged pool (3); the water falling surface is made of rough materials, and the flatness of the water falling surface is +/-1-3 cm;

the terrace-type soil purification bed (5) consists of a plurality of soil purification beds distributed in a terrace manner; the soil purification bed comprises an upper soil layer (51) and a lower filtering layer (52), and retaining walls (56) are arranged on the periphery of each soil purification bed; an overflow pipe (55) penetrating through the retaining wall is arranged between the adjacent soil purification beds, the inlet of the overflow pipe is arranged at the bottom of the filter layer (52) of the higher-order soil purification bed, the water outlet of the overflow pipe is positioned above the soil layer of the lower-order soil purification bed, and the outlet of the overflow pipe is positioned higher than the soil layer of the higher-order soil purification bed and lower than the height of the retaining wall (56) between the two soil purification beds;

the artificial wetland (6) comprises a comprehensive plant purification area (61), a heavy metal purification area (62), a pathogen purification area (63) and a nutrient purification area (64) which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants are planted in the plant comprehensive purification area (61) in a mixed mode, submerged plants are planted in the heavy metal purification area (62), emergent aquatic plants are planted in the pathogen purification area (63), and floating plants and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the nutrient purification area (64).

2. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the filter screen (11) is 10-25 mm, the particle size of the gravel in the gravel layer (12) is 15-30 mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer (12) is 200-300 mm.

3. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 1, wherein the height of the water drop wall (4) is 1-1.5m, and the falling water surface (42) is a rubble wall built by cement mortar or is formed by stacking rubbles.

4. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 1, wherein the soil purification bed comprises a soil layer (51), a filter layer (52), a collection pipe network (53) and a water-resisting layer (54) from top to bottom; plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity are planted in the soil layer (51); the filter layer (52) consists of a sand filtering layer, a zeolite layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer; the collecting pipe network (53) is arranged in the gravel layer; the delivery port of collecting pipe network (53) is connected overflow pipe (55) entry, this overflow pipe has three delivery port, from top to bottom is in proper order: the device comprises a rainwater overflow outlet (553), a paddy field overflow outlet (554) and a dry farmland overflow outlet (555), wherein the position of the rainwater overflow outlet (553) is higher than the water surface height of a paddy field of a higher-level soil purification bed and lower than the height of a retaining wall (56) between the two soil purification beds, the position of the paddy field overflow outlet (554) is the water surface height of the paddy field of the higher-level soil purification bed, and the position of the dry farmland overflow outlet (555) is slightly lower than the soil surface height of the higher-level soil purification bed.

5. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the soil layer (51) is 400-500 mm; the grain diameter of the filter sand in the sand filter layer is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the thickness is 80-100 mm; the thickness of the zeolite layer is 150-200 mm; the particle size of coarse sand in the coarse sand layer is 0.5-0.8 mm, and the thickness is 80-100 mm; the gravel particle diameter in the gravel layer is 15-30 mm, and the thickness is 200-250 mm.

6. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 4, wherein the soil purification bed has a layer number of 3-4 layers, and the length of each layer in the water flow direction is 2-5 m.

7. The low-energy-consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the artificial wetland (6) comprises a plant integrated purification area (61), a heavy metal purification area (62), a pathogen purification area (63), a nutrient purification area (64) and a water quality stability control area (65);

the plants planted in the heavy metal purification area (62) comprise submerged plants and a small amount of floating plants, and the submerged plants are selected from the following plants: red line grass, hornwort, waterweed and curly pondweed, the floating plant is selected from: water hyacinth, water lily and duckweed;

the plants grown in the pathogen purification zone (63) are selected from: reed, cattail, cress, calamus, sparganium stoloniferum and rush;

the plants grown in the nutrient clean-up zone (64) include emergent aquatic plants and floating plants, the emergent aquatic plants selected from the group consisting of: reed, cymbopogon, canna, cattail, candelilla and rush; the floating plants are selected from: duckweed, Eisenia, Eichhornia, Nymphaea, Cauliflower root and Japanese duckweed;

emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants in the water quality stability control area (65) are mixed and planted, and meanwhile, grass carp, shrimp and/or shellfish are thrown to form a complete biologic chain; the emergent aquatic plants are selected from: calamus, allium mongolicum regel, sowthistle tasselflower herb, canna and rush; the submerged plant is selected from: goldfish algae, curly pondweed, and waterweed; the floating plants are selected from: water lily, common selfheal fruit-spike and Japanese duckweed.

8. The low energy consumption surface water purification landscape water system according to claim 7, wherein the artificial wetland (6) further comprises a gravel purification area (7) and a water storage conservation area (8);

the gravel purification area (7) is arranged at the upstream of the plant comprehensive purification area (61) and/or the downstream of the water quality stability control area (65), and the gravel purification area (7) is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of gravel; the total thickness of the gravel layer is 500-800 mm, and the particle size of the gravel is 100-300 mm; herbaceous plants with strong dirt absorbing capacity, developed root systems, strong sand fixing capacity and flooding resistance are planted on the gravels;

the water storage and conservation area (8) is a water storage tank and is arranged at the downstream of the nutrient purification area (64) or the water quality stabilization control area (65), water purified by the artificial wetland flows into the water storage and conservation area (8), and a large number of hydrophilic platforms are arranged in the water storage and conservation area for people to enjoy and rest.