CN111375620A - Harmless treatment method for kitchen waste by high-temperature method - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method for kitchen waste by high-temperature method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111375620A CN111375620A CN201811636689.1A CN201811636689A CN111375620A CN 111375620 A CN111375620 A CN 111375620A CN 201811636689 A CN201811636689 A CN 201811636689A CN 111375620 A CN111375620 A CN 111375620A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless treatment method of kitchen waste by a high-temperature method, which comprises the steps of collecting the kitchen waste, carrying out solid-liquid separation and classified screening on the kitchen waste, crushing the recyclable solid waste, refining grease, separating oil residues, filtering and collecting the grease, squeezing and packaging residues, purifying and recycling waste water, treating waste gas and treating the solid waste; the harmless treatment method for the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method combines and applies the PLC automatic control, the production line type extraction technology, the heat conducting oil repeated circulation technology, the boiler heat supplement, the totally enclosed high-temperature sterilization, the non-pressure production, the waste gas and waste water purification treatment and other technologies, realizes the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the kitchen waste, and has the characteristics of low cost, high-efficiency treatment, environmental protection, safety, low energy consumption and waste material recycling compared with other current domestic technologies.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of treatment and recovery of kitchen waste, in particular to a high-temperature harmless treatment method for kitchen waste.
Background art:
the kitchen waste is the most common waste produced in daily life of people, belongs to main municipal domestic waste, comprises organic matters such as starch food, plant fiber, animal protein and fat as main components, has the characteristics of high water content, high content of grease and salt, easy decay and odor, and is not beneficial to the transportation of a common garbage truck, and the like, and can cause great harm to the environment without special classification treatment.
The kitchen waste mainly comes from food processing leftovers (food residues) and use residues generated in the catering service industry, families, unit canteens and the like, along with the rapid development of the economy of China, the urbanization process is gradually accelerated, the yield of the kitchen waste shows the trend of increasing year by year, at present, the daily production amount of the kitchen waste in most urban areas in China is 1000-plus-material 1500 tons or more, a large amount of kitchen waste cannot be timely treated, the environment is polluted, the health of urban residents is seriously threatened, and if the kitchen waste is not subjected to harmless treatment, the kitchen waste becomes one of important obstacles for the development of the eco-friendly circular economy in cities.
The harmless treatment of the kitchen waste is one of the important links of the control of animal epidemic diseases, and the establishment of a treatment system integrating the centralized collection, the harmless treatment and the resource utilization of the kitchen waste is not slow enough.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems of human health and environmental pollution caused by treatment of kitchen waste, provides a treatment system integrating centralized collection, harmless treatment and resource utilization of the kitchen waste, and provides a high-temperature method harmless treatment method for the kitchen waste.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose of the invention, namely, a harmless treatment method of high-temperature kitchen waste, which comprises ① the collection and solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste, wherein after the kitchen waste is produced, the kitchen waste is collected into a standard collection barrel by a hotel, a dining room and other production units, then is collected by a kitchen waste collection vehicle in a unified way, and is subjected to preliminary solid-liquid separation in a carriage of the kitchen waste collection vehicle;
② solid-liquid separation and classified screening of kitchen waste, namely transporting the kitchen waste collected by a kitchen waste collecting vehicle to a classified screening workshop, screening the solid waste which cannot be recycled and the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste by a filter screen according to the volume of the solid waste after solid-liquid separation, and performing secondary solid-liquid separation on the liquid waste after solid-liquid separation by the filter screen;
③ crushing recyclable solid waste, namely crushing the recyclable solid waste obtained after screening to a specified specification, and placing the non-recyclable solid waste obtained after screening in a domestic garbage can for treatment by a sanitation department;
④ oil extraction, namely extracting the recyclable solid waste fragments subjected to crushing treatment by high-temperature oil;
⑤ oil residue separation, wherein after the high temperature grease is refined, the broken pieces of the solid waste are changed into a mixture of the grease and the residue, and the grease and the residue are subjected to solid-liquid separation;
⑥ filtering and collecting oil, filtering oil obtained by separating oil residue, collecting, and storing;
⑦ squeezing and packaging the residue, namely squeezing the residue obtained after oil residue separation to obtain oil enriched in dry residue, cooling moderately, pulverizing, sealing and packaging for later use, refluxing the squeezed oil in the residue to the filtering and collecting steps of oil, filtering and collecting;
⑧ purifying and recycling the waste water, namely collecting the waste water generated in the step, purifying and recycling the waste water;
⑨, treating the waste gas, namely collecting the waste gas generated in the step in a centralized manner and then treating the waste gas to reach the standard;
⑩ and (4) treating the solid waste, namely collecting the solid waste generated in the steps and then classifying the solid waste for harmless treatment.
Preferably, the temperature for high-temperature refining in the oil refining step is controlled at 110-130 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature for the high-temperature refining in the oil-and-fat refining step is controlled to 120 ℃.
Further, the harmless treatment method of the kitchen waste is realized by adopting the following equipment, and the equipment comprises the following steps: kitchen waste collection vehicle, kitchen waste vibration screening machine, broken conveyer, grease refine device, dregs of fat separator, grease collection device, residue squeeze packagine machine, waste water purification circulating device, exhaust treatment device.
In a preferred implementation mode, the kitchen waste collection vehicle consists of a walking part, a mechanical arm, a sealed carriage, a disinfectant storage barrel, a disinfectant connecting pipe and a disinfectant nozzle; the sealed carriage is arranged at the rear part of the walking part; the manipulator and the disinfectant storage barrel are arranged in the area between the walking part and the sealed carriage; one end of the disinfectant connecting pipe is connected with the disinfectant storage barrel, the other end of the disinfectant connecting pipe is connected with the disinfectant nozzle, and the disinfectant connecting pipe is laid outside the manipulator; the disinfectant nozzle is arranged in the middle of the opening end of the top of the manipulator.
Preferably, the sealed carriage comprises a sealed carriage body, a kitchen waste inlet sealing door, two tail sealing doors, two door opening and closing oil cylinders, a safety oil cylinder and a safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve; two tail sealing doors are oppositely arranged at the tail of the sealed carriage body; one end of the door opening and closing oil cylinder is arranged on the tail sealing door, and the other end of the door opening and closing oil cylinder is arranged on the side wall inside the sealing carriage body; a kitchen waste inlet sealing door; the kitchen waste inlet sealing door is arranged at the front part of the top surface of the sealed carriage body; the kitchen waste inlet sealing door can adopt an automatic push-pull type and an automatic flip type; the safety oil cylinder is arranged in the middle of the outer side of one tail sealing door, the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the other tail sealing door, the position of the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve corresponds to that of the safety oil cylinder, and the extending part of the safety oil cylinder can extend into the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve.
Preferably, the sealed compartment further comprises a push plate push-pull driving part, a push plate, a filter plate and a liquid discharge pipe; the push plate is arranged at the front end inside the sealed carriage; the push plate push-pull driving part can push the push plate to move back and forth in the sealed carriage; the filter plate is arranged at the lower part of the sealed carriage and divides the interior of the sealed carriage into a solid storage part A and a liquid storage part B; the liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the sealed carriage and is convenient for discharging liquid in the sealed carriage.
Preferably, the kitchen waste collecting vehicle further comprises a barrel hanging mechanism, the kitchen waste standard collecting barrel is lifted to the top of the carriage, and waste is poured into the sealed carriage through the material turning mechanism.
In a preferred implementation mode, the kitchen waste vibration screening machine consists of a feed hopper, a vibration screening part, a vibration spring, a vibration motor and a bottom frame; the vibration screening part is arranged at the top of the underframe through four vibration springs, and the vibration screening part has a certain inclination after being arranged; the feed hopper is arranged at the high end of the vibrating screening part; the vibrating motor is installed in vibration screening portion bottom.
Preferably, a primary solid discharge hopper, a secondary solid discharge hopper, a liquid discharge hopper, a primary solid screening cavity, a secondary solid screening cavity and a liquid screening cavity are arranged on the vibration screening part; the primary solid discharge hopper, the secondary solid discharge hopper and the liquid discharge hopper are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the vibration screening part; filter screens are arranged between the primary solid screening cavity and the secondary solid screening cavity and between the secondary solid screening cavity and the liquid screening cavity; the first-stage solid screening cavity, the second-stage solid screening cavity and the liquid screening cavity are respectively three cavities which are separated by two filter screens from top to bottom inside the vibration screening part.
Preferably, the aperture of the filter hole of the filter screen between the first-stage solid screening cavity and the second-stage solid screening cavity is larger than the aperture of the filter hole of the filter screen between the second-stage solid screening cavity and the liquid screening cavity.
The crushing conveyor adopts a two-stage crusher disclosed in the utility model 2017212312145 filed by the applicant, and the two-stage crusher is not specifically stated herein.
The grease extracting device is the grease extracting device in the utility model 2018203738637 which has been filed by the applicant, and the grease extracting device is not specifically stated here.
The oil-residue separating device adopts the oil-residue separating system in the utility model 2017205945158 which has been filed by the applicant, and the details are not described herein.
The grease collecting device comprises an oil storage pool and an oil storage barrel; the oil storage tank is the oil storage tank disclosed in the utility model 2017212316625 which has been filed by the applicant, and is not specifically stated herein; the oil storage barrel is a special grease oil storage barrel for an oil factory; the high-quality grease filtered by the oil storage pool is pumped to the oil storage barrel by the oil pump for storage.
The residue squeezing and packaging machine adopts a common oil press to squeeze and then packages the residue through a full-automatic packaging machine.
The wastewater purification and circulation device comprises a sewage treatment device, a circulating water cache pool and an oil separation pool; the oil removal tank collects and deposits sewage generated in the kitchen waste harmless treatment process, then the sewage is introduced into sewage treatment equipment to be treated and discharged into a circulating water cache tank after reaching the standard, and the treated water is used in the kitchen waste harmless treatment process and daily life again, so that zero-emission recycling is realized.
The waste gas treatment device comprises a biomass fuel boiler, a tail gas purification device and a condensing box; the condenser box is the condenser box disclosed in the utility model 2017212316659 which is already filed by the applicant, and the details are not stated herein; after the oil smoke that produces in the oil refines the device passes through the condensing box and handles, during gaseous state grease cooling liquefaction in the oil smoke converged flow into the oil interceptor, the oil smoke behind the condensing box together gets into biomass fuel boiler end with the waste gas that produces among the kitchen discarded object innocent treatment process and carries out incineration disposal, and biomass fuel boiler waste gas after incineration disposal carries out the emission after centralized processing reaches standard.
The apparatus further comprises: oil pipe, water pipe, air pipe; the devices are connected with corresponding pipelines according to the properties of products.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention better realizes the aim of the invention, the high-temperature kitchen waste harmless treatment method combines and applies the technologies of PLC automatic control, a pipeline type extraction technology, a heat-conducting oil repeated circulation technology, boiler heat supplement, totally-enclosed high-temperature sterilization, non-pressure production, waste gas and waste water purification treatment and the like, realizes the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the kitchen waste, and has the characteristics of low cost, high-efficiency treatment, environmental protection, safety, low energy consumption and waste recycling compared with other current domestic technologies: (1) the technology is advanced: based on the process of a high-temperature method, the kitchen waste is successfully treated by adopting a production line type high-temperature non-pressure technology, the PLC automatic control system is operated in the whole process, the remote authorized operation, the monitoring and the transparent production management of the production link are realized, and the social supervision can be accepted in real time; (2) safety and stability: the whole process of the complete equipment is closed high-temperature sterilization and pressure-free production. The heating medium circulates circularly, so that high safety of equipment is ensured, and the main equipment technology is applied and operated for years in the animal fat extraction industry, and is stable and reliable; (3) economic and efficient: the equipment is in an automatic assembly line type uninterrupted production processing mode, unique heat energy recycling processes such as repeated circulation of heat conducting oil, boiler heat compensation and the like are innovatively applied in the processing process, the processing efficiency is high, high efficiency and energy conservation are realized, and the production cost is greatly reduced; the produced recovered product grease and resource powder can be respectively used for recycling chemical raw materials, breeding insects and the like and industrial extension, and have good economic benefit; (4) green and environment-friendly: waste gas and waste water generated in the harmless treatment process are purified by a unique process and then are discharged safely after reaching standards, the treatment environment is clean and environment-friendly, and no peculiar smell or pollution is generated; (5) the copying and popularizing universality is strong: the complete set of technology and equipment has the advantages of small total investment, convenient operation, high treatment efficiency, low operation cost, no potential safety hazard of a high-pressure container, good economic benefits of treatment environment and recovered products on the premise of meeting the requirements of harmless treatment, reduction and recycling of kitchen waste, can be used for daily output design according to local actual conditions on the daily treatment capacity of the equipment, is recognized by the public, has strong reproducibility and universality, and becomes popular leading treatment equipment.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a plant for a harmless treatment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the overall structure of the innocent treatment plant of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the kitchen waste collection vehicle 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the kitchen waste collection vehicle 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the sealed vehicle body 1-3 according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the kitchen waste vibration screening machine 2 according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of the internal structure of the vibrating screening machine 2 for kitchen waste in the invention.
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
The reference numbers refer to the last page of the specification.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the kitchen waste collected in a centralized way has complex components, comprises leftovers and leftovers of hotels and restaurants, also comprises a large amount of old tableware, broken utensils and kitchen leftovers, and is a mixture of a plurality of substances such as oil, water, pericarp, vegetables, rice flour, fish, meat, bones, tableware, seasonings and towel; the sugar content is high, mainly protein, starch, animal fat and the like, and the salt content and the grease content are high; taking a certain city in south China as an example, the following table gives the components and ingredients of the kitchen waste in detail:
kitchen waste main component unit: is based on
| Food waste | Paper sheet | Metal | Bone | Wood (Woods) | Fabric | Plastic material | Oil and fat |
| 75.1-90.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.0-17 |
Main components of kitchen waste
| Average water content | Average solid content | Organic dry matter | Oil content | Crude protein | Salinity | Total carbon content | Carbon to nitrogen ratio C/N | Organic acids |
| 87% | 13% | 93%TS | 17% | 15g/100g | 0.2%-1.0% | 360g/kg | 15 | 1500mg/L |
The characteristics of the kitchen waste can be summarized as follows:
1) the water content is high and can reach 80 to 95 percent;
2) the salt content is high, hot pepper is contained in part of areas, and the acetic acid is high;
3) high organic matter content, protein, cellulose, starch, fat, etc.;
4) rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements;
5) pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms are present;
6) easy rotting, deterioration, hair growing and breeding of mosquitoes and flies.
The high temperature method described in the title of the invention refers to: the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste is subjected to high temperature treatment to obtain the resource powder formed by crushing the grease and the residues, so that the resource utilization of the waste is facilitated.
Example 1:
the harmless treatment method of the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method comprises ① the collection and solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste, wherein the kitchen waste is collected into a standard collection barrel by a hotel, a dining room and other generating units and then is uniformly collected by a kitchen waste collection vehicle, the thrown waste is extruded by a powerful push plate to realize preliminary solid-liquid separation, the separated liquid enters a liquid storage part at the bottom of a tank body, the solid waste is compressed and stored in the tank body, the volume is reduced, the kitchen waste is repeatedly sent to a kitchen waste recycling treatment plant after being filled with the solid waste, all the operations on the vehicle are automatically controlled by hydraulic pressure and can be respectively operated in a cab and beside the vehicle;
② solid-liquid separation and classified screening of kitchen waste, namely, transporting the kitchen waste collected by a kitchen waste collecting vehicle to a classified screening workshop, opening a sealing door, pushing the kitchen waste to a classified screening machine by a push plate, screening the solid waste after solid-liquid separation by a filter screen according to the volume of the solid waste which cannot be recycled and the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste, and carrying out secondary solid-liquid separation on liquid waste by the filter screen;
③ crushing recyclable solid waste, namely crushing the solid waste obtained after screening to a specified specification;
④ oil refining, namely, performing high-temperature oil refining on broken solid waste fragments subjected to crushing treatment, wherein the step needs to heat an oil refining device and comprises boiler heating medium heat supply and oil circulation heat recovery heat supply, heat conduction medium heat energy is mainly supplied by biomass combustion, oil circulation heat recovery heat supply is to convey oil with certain temperature after refining back to refining equipment through a high-temperature oil pump, and the functions of recovering heat energy and supplementing oil level are achieved;
⑤ separating oil residue, wherein after the high temperature grease is refined, the broken pieces of the solid waste are changed into a mixture of grease and residue, and the grease and the residue are separated;
⑥ filtering and collecting oil, filtering oil obtained by separating oil residue, collecting, and storing;
⑦ squeezing and packaging the residue, which is to squeeze the oil and fat enriched in the dry residue from the residue obtained after oil residue separation, then appropriately cooling and pulverizing, sealing and packaging for later use, filtering and collecting the oil and fat squeezed from the residue;
⑧ purifying and recycling the waste water, namely collecting the waste water generated in the step, purifying and recycling the waste water;
⑨ waste gas treatment, wherein the treatment of the steps is carried out in independent sealed environment, and the generated waste gas is collected and collected intensively through the negative pressure formed by each sealed environment, and then is treated to reach the standard and discharged;
⑩ and (4) treating the solid waste, namely collecting the solid waste generated in the steps and then classifying the solid waste for harmless treatment.
The solid waste which is screened out and can be recycled refers to substances such as pericarp, vegetables, rice flour, fish, meat, bones and the like.
The solid waste which is screened out and cannot be recycled refers to tableware, plastics, paper towels and other substances.
The screened liquid waste refers to a mixture of substances such as oil, water, hogwash and the like.
Preferably, the temperature for high-temperature refining in the oil refining step is controlled at 110-130 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature for the high-temperature refining in the oil-and-fat refining step is controlled to 120 ℃.
Further, the waste gas mainly comprises broken waste gas, waste gas of a grease refining section and waste gas of a biomass fuel boiler; the door and window are closed during the production of the main treatment workshop, the whole production area is fully closed, micro negative pressure is formed in the whole production area through the air supply and exhaust system, ultraviolet rays are automatically sterilized, meanwhile, the gas collection pipeline is installed on the resource treatment facility, gas is collected through the negative pressure pipeline and then subjected to oil-gas separation treatment, high-temperature pyrolysis, UV photolysis, cloth bag dust removal and water film dust removal are carried out for repeated treatment, and the gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
Further, the waste water mainly comprises vehicle in-and-out washing disinfectant water, equipment, workshop disinfection and personnel sanitary cleaning water, condensed water generated after recovery and cooling of equipment production gas and liquid waste generated during solid-liquid separation of kitchen waste collected by vehicles; all the wastewater enters an oil separation tank, is subjected to purification treatment by integrated sewage treatment equipment and is temporarily stored in a circulating water cache tank after reaching the standard, is used for water film desulfurization and dust removal, cooling of a cooling tower, vehicle cleaning, flushing between sanitary sheets, disinfection and cleaning of workshops and equipment, greening irrigation, circulating cooling water of a boiler economizer and the like, and zero emission is realized.
Further, the generated solid wastes are mainly domestic garbage, oil residues, fuel ash residues and sludge for wastewater treatment; the domestic garbage is entrusted to the environmental sanitation department for clearing treatment; the oil residue is used as a recovered product of the project and is directly packaged to be used as an agricultural organic biological culture raw material; collecting the fuel ash and slag uniformly, and recycling the fuel ash and slag for agriculture; the sludge is dewatered by a plate-and-frame filter press and then is collected and sent to a domestic garbage landfill for sanitary landfill.
Further, the grease obtained after treatment can be used for processing biodiesel, paint, soap and the like; the obtained residues are crushed and used as resource powder to be mainly used for feeding insects by adding excrement, and the fed insects are used for making insect oil, insect protein and high-end organic fertilizer.
Example 2:
the harmless treatment method of the kitchen waste is realized by adopting the following equipment: the apparatus comprises: kitchen waste collection vehicle 1, kitchen waste vibration screening machine 2, broken conveyer 3, grease refine device 4, dregs of fat separator 5, grease collection device 6, residue squeeze packagine machine 7, waste water purification circulating device 8, exhaust treatment device 9.
The kitchen waste collecting vehicle 1 is used for uniformly collecting kitchen waste and performing first solid-liquid separation;
the kitchen waste vibration screening machine 2 is used for screening the solid waste which cannot be recycled and the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste according to the volume size after the first solid-liquid separation through a filter screen, and performing the second solid-liquid separation on the liquid waste after the solid-liquid separation through the filter screen;
the crushing conveyor 3 is used for crushing the recyclable solid waste obtained after screening to a specified specification;
the grease refining device 4 is used for carrying out high-temperature grease refining on recyclable solid waste fragments subjected to crushing treatment;
the oil residue separation device 5 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the grease and the residues;
the grease collecting device 6 is used for filtering grease obtained after oil residue separation, and then collecting and storing the filtered grease;
the residue squeezing and packaging machine 7 is used for squeezing grease enriched in dry residues from residues obtained after oil residue separation, then moderately cooling, crushing, and hermetically packaging;
the wastewater purification and circulation device 8 is used for collecting generated wastewater in a centralized manner, purifying and recycling the wastewater;
the waste gas treatment device 9 is used for collecting generated waste gas in a centralized manner and then treating the waste gas to reach the standard for emission.
In a preferred implementation mode, the kitchen waste collection vehicle 1 consists of a walking part 1-1, a mechanical arm 1-2, a sealed carriage 1-3, a disinfectant storage barrel 1-4, a disinfectant connecting pipe 1-5 and a disinfectant nozzle 1-6; the sealed carriage 1-3 is arranged at the rear part of the walking part 1-1; the manipulator 1-2 and the disinfectant storage barrel 1-4 are arranged in the area between the walking part 1-1 and the sealed carriage 1-3; one end of a disinfectant connecting pipe 1-5 is connected with a disinfectant storage barrel 1-4, the other end is connected with a disinfectant nozzle 1-6, and the disinfectant connecting pipe 1-5 is laid outside the manipulator 1-2; the disinfectant nozzle 1-6 is arranged in the middle of the opening end at the top of the manipulator 1-2.
Preferably, the sealed carriage 1-3 comprises a sealed carriage body 1-3-1, kitchen waste inlet sealing doors 1-3-2, two tail sealing doors 1-3-3, two door opening and closing oil cylinders 1-3-4, a safety oil cylinder 1-3-6 and a safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve 1-3-5; two tail sealing doors 1-3-3 are oppositely arranged at the tail of the sealed carriage body 1-3-1; one end of a door opening and closing oil cylinder 1-3-4 is arranged on the tail sealing door 1-3-3, and the other end is arranged on the inner side wall of the sealing carriage body 1-3-1; 1-3-2 parts of a kitchen waste inlet sealing door; the kitchen waste inlet sealing door 1-3-2 is arranged at the front part of the top surface of the sealing carriage body 1-3-1; the kitchen waste inlet sealing door 1-3-2 can adopt an automatic push-pull type and an automatic flip type; the safety oil cylinder 1-3-6 is arranged in the middle of the outer side of one tail sealing door 1-3-3, the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve 1-3-5 is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the other tail sealing door 1-3-3, the position of the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve corresponds to that of the safety oil cylinder 1-3-6, and the extending part of the safety oil cylinder 1-3-6 can extend into the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve 1-3-5.
Preferably, the sealed compartment 1-3 further comprises a push plate push-pull driving part 1-3-7, a push plate 1-3-8, a filter plate 1-3-9 and a liquid discharge pipe 1-3-10; the push plate 1-3-8 is arranged at the front end inside the sealed carriage 1-3; the push plate push-pull driving part 1-3-7 can push the push plate 1-3-8 to move back and forth in the sealed carriage 1-3; the filter plate 1-3-9 is arranged at the lower part of the sealed carriage 1-3, and divides the inside of the sealed carriage 1-3 into a solid storage part A and a liquid storage part B; the liquid discharge pipe 1-3-10 is arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the sealed carriage 1-3 and is convenient for discharging the liquid in the sealed carriage 1-3.
Further, the thrown kitchen waste is extruded by a powerful push plate 1-3-8, then solid-liquid separation is carried out, the separated liquid enters a liquid storage part B at the bottom of the tank body through a filter plate 1-3-9, the solid waste is compressed and stored in a solid storage part A in the tank body, the volume is reduced, the kitchen waste is repeatedly filled in the liquid storage part A, the solid waste is conveyed to a kitchen waste recycling treatment plant, all operations on the vehicle are hydraulically and automatically controlled, and the operation can be carried out in a cab and beside the vehicle respectively.
Preferably, the kitchen waste collecting vehicle 1 further comprises a barrel hanging mechanism, wherein the kitchen waste standard collecting barrel is lifted to the top of the carriage, and waste is poured into the sealed carriage 1-3 through the material turning mechanism; the barrel hanging mechanism can be a mechanical arm 2, and the kitchen waste standard collecting barrel is clamped to pour the waste into the sealed carriage 1-3.
Preferably, after the kitchen waste is poured into the sealed compartment 1-3, the kitchen waste inlet sealing door 1-3-2 is closed, and the mechanical arm 2 and the disinfectant nozzle 1-6 are started to disinfect the area near the kitchen waste inlet sealing door 1-3-2 and the area where the standard collecting barrel is placed.
In a preferred implementation mode, the kitchen waste vibration screening machine 2 consists of a feed hopper 2-1, a vibration screening part 2-2, a vibration spring 2-3, a vibration motor 2-4 and a bottom frame 2-5; the vibration screening part 2-2 is arranged at the top of the bottom frame 2-5 through four vibration springs 2-3, and the vibration screening part 2-2 is in a certain inclination after being arranged; the feed hopper 2-1 is arranged at the high end of the vibration screening part 2-2; the vibrating motor 2-4 is arranged at the bottom of the vibrating screening part 2-2.
Preferably, a primary solid discharge hopper 2-2-1, a secondary solid discharge hopper 2-2-2, a liquid discharge hopper 2-2-3, a primary solid screening cavity 2-2-4, a secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5 and a liquid screening cavity 2-2-6 are arranged on the vibration screening part 2-2; the primary solid discharge hopper 2-2-1, the secondary solid discharge hopper 2-2-2 and the liquid discharge hopper 2-2-3 are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the vibrating screening part 2-2; filter screens are arranged between the primary solid screening cavity 2-2-4 and the secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5, and between the secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5 and the liquid screening cavity 2-2-6; the primary solid screening cavity 2-2-4, the secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5 and the liquid screening cavity 2-2-6 are three cavities separated by two filter screens from top to bottom in the vibration screening part 2-2 respectively.
The kitchen waste enters a primary solid screening cavity 2-2-4 on a vibrating screening part 2-2 from a feed hopper 2-1, the vibrating screening part 2-2 has a certain inclination, and simultaneously, the vibrating motor 2-4 vibrates to enable the kitchen waste to continuously move downwards, the kitchen waste smaller than a filter hole enters a secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5, and wastewater directly enters a liquid screening cavity 2-2-6 and then is discharged through a primary solid discharge hopper 2-2-1, a secondary solid discharge hopper 2-2-2 and a liquid discharge hopper 2-2-3 respectively to be subjected to subsequent treatment.
Preferably, the aperture of the filter holes of the filter screen between the primary solid screening cavity 2-2-4 and the secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5 is larger than the aperture of the filter holes of the filter screen between the secondary solid screening cavity 2-2-5 and the liquid screening cavity 2-2-6.
The crushing conveyor 3 is a two-stage crusher as described in the utility model 2017212312145 filed by the applicant, and is not specifically stated herein.
The grease extracting device 4 is the grease extracting device disclosed in the utility model 2018203738637 that the applicant has filed, and is not specifically stated herein.
The oil-residue separating device 5 adopts the oil-residue separating system disclosed in the utility model 2017205945158 that has been filed by the applicant, and is not specifically stated herein.
The grease collecting device 6 comprises an oil storage pool 6-1 and an oil storage barrel 6-2; the oil storage tank 6-1 adopts the oil storage tank disclosed in the utility model 2017212316625 which has been filed by the applicant, and is not specifically stated herein; the oil storage barrel 6-2 is a special grease storage barrel for an oil factory; the high-quality grease filtered by the oil storage pool 6-1 is pumped to the oil storage barrel 6-2 for storage by the oil pump.
The residue squeezing and packaging machine 7 adopts a common oil press to squeeze and then packages the residue by a full-automatic packaging machine.
The wastewater purification and circulation device 8 comprises a sewage treatment device 8-1, a circulating water buffer tank 8-2 and an oil separation tank 8-3; the oil separation tank 8-3 collects and deposits sewage generated in the harmless treatment process of the kitchen waste, then the sewage is introduced into the sewage treatment equipment 8-1 to be treated and discharged into the circulating water cache tank 8-2 after reaching the standard, and the treated water is used in the harmless treatment process of the kitchen waste and domestic water again, so that zero-emission recycling is realized.
The waste gas treatment device 9 comprises a biomass fuel boiler 9-1, a tail gas purification device 9-2 and a condensation box 9-3; the condenser box 9-3 is the condenser box described in the utility model 2017212316659 which has been filed by the applicant, and is not specifically stated herein; after oil smoke generated in the oil refining device 4 is treated by the condensing box 9-3, gaseous oil in the oil smoke is cooled and liquefied and then flows into the oil separation tank 8-3, the oil smoke passing through the condensing box 9-3 and waste gas generated in the harmless treatment process of kitchen waste enter the tail end of the biomass fuel boiler 9-1 together for incineration treatment, and the waste gas of the biomass fuel boiler after the incineration treatment is subjected to centralized treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard.
The apparatus further comprises: oil pipe, water pipe, air pipe; the devices are connected with corresponding pipelines according to the properties of products.
It is also clear that, although the present invention has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many equivalent methods or structures, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.
| Number of mark | Name of label | Number of mark | Name of label |
| 1 | Kitchen waste collecting vehicle 1 | 2-2-3 | Liquid discharge hopper 2-2-3 |
| 1-1 | Traveling part 1-1 | 2-2-4 | First-level solid screening cavity 2-2-4 |
| 1-2 | Robot 1-2 | 2-2-5 | Second-level solid screening cavity 2-2-5 |
| 1-3 | Sealed compartment 1-3 | 2-2-6 | Liquid screening chamber 2-2-6 |
| 1-3-1 | Sealing carriage body 1-3-1 | 2-3 | Vibrating spring 2-3 |
| 1-3-2 | Kitchen waste inlet sealing door 1-3-2 | 2-4 | Vibration motor 2-4 |
| 1-3-3 | Tail sealing door 1-3 | 2-5 | Underframe 2-5 |
| 1-3-4 | Oil cylinder 1-3-4 for opening and closing door | 3 | Crushing conveyor 3 |
| 1-3-5 | Adaptive sleeve 1-3-5 of safety oil cylinder | 4 | Grease refining device 4 |
| 1-3-6 | Safety oil cylinder 1-3-6 | 5 | Oil residue separating device 5 |
| 1-3-7 | Push plate push-pull driving part 1-3-7 | 6 | Grease collection device 6 |
| 1-3-8 | Push plate 1-3-8 | 6-1 | Oil reservoir 6-1 |
| 1-3-9 | Filter plate 1-3-9 | 6-2 | Oil storage barrel 6-2 |
| 1-3-10 | Liquid discharge pipe 1-3-10 | 7 | Residue squeezing and packaging machine 7 |
| 1-4 | Disinfectant storage barrel 1-4 | 8 | Waste water purifying and circulating device 8 |
| 1-5 | Disinfectant connecting pipe 1-5 | 8-1 | Sewage treatment equipment 8-1 |
| 1-6 | Disinfectant nozzle 1-6 | 8-2 | Circulating water buffer pool 8-2 |
| 2 | Kitchen waste vibrating screening machine 2 | 8-3 | Oil separation tank 8-3 |
| 2-1 | Feed hopper 2-1 | 9 | Exhaust gas treatment device 9 |
| 2-2 | Vibratory screening section 2-2 | 9-1 | Biomass fuel boiler 9-1 |
| 2-2-1 | First-level solid discharge hopper 2-2-1 | 9-2 | Tail gas purification device 9-2 |
| 2-2-2 | Two-stage solid discharge hopper 2-2 | 9-3 | Condenser tank 9-3 |
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature kitchen waste harmless treatment method is characterized by comprising ① kitchen waste collection and solid-liquid separation, wherein after kitchen waste is generated, the kitchen waste is collected into a standard collection barrel by a hotel, a dining room and other generating units, then is collected uniformly by a kitchen waste collection vehicle, and preliminary solid-liquid separation is carried out in a carriage of the kitchen waste collection vehicle;
② solid-liquid separation and classified screening of kitchen waste, namely transporting the kitchen waste collected by a kitchen waste collecting vehicle to a classified screening workshop, screening the solid waste which cannot be recycled and the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste by a filter screen according to the volume of the solid waste after solid-liquid separation, and performing secondary solid-liquid separation on the liquid waste after solid-liquid separation by the filter screen;
③ crushing recyclable solid waste, namely crushing the recyclable solid waste obtained after screening to a specified specification, and placing the non-recyclable solid waste obtained after screening in a domestic garbage can for treatment by a sanitation department;
④ oil extraction, namely extracting the recyclable solid waste fragments subjected to crushing treatment by high-temperature oil;
⑤ oil residue separation, wherein after the high temperature grease is refined, the broken pieces of the solid waste are changed into a mixture of the grease and the residue, and the grease and the residue are subjected to solid-liquid separation;
⑥ filtering and collecting oil, filtering oil obtained by separating oil residue, collecting, and storing;
⑦ squeezing and packaging the residue, namely squeezing the residue obtained after oil residue separation to obtain oil enriched in dry residue, cooling moderately, pulverizing, sealing and packaging for later use, refluxing the squeezed oil in the residue to the filtering and collecting steps of oil, filtering and collecting;
⑧ purifying and recycling the waste water, namely collecting the waste water generated in the step, purifying and recycling the waste water;
⑨, treating the waste gas, namely collecting the waste gas generated in the step in a centralized manner and then treating the waste gas to reach the standard;
⑩ and (4) treating the solid waste, namely collecting the solid waste generated in the steps and then classifying the solid waste for harmless treatment.
2. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature of the high-temperature refining in the oil refining step is controlled at 110-130 ℃.
3. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the harmless treatment method of the kitchen waste is realized by adopting the following equipment, and the equipment comprises the following steps: the kitchen waste collection vehicle (1), the kitchen waste vibration screening machine (2), the crushing conveyor (3), the grease refining device (4), the oil residue separation device (5), the grease collection device (6), the residue squeezing and packaging machine (7), the wastewater purification and circulation device (8) and the waste gas treatment device (9).
4. The high-temperature method harmless treatment method for kitchen waste as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the kitchen waste collecting vehicle (1) is used for uniformly collecting kitchen waste and performing first solid-liquid separation;
the kitchen waste vibration screening machine (2) is used for screening the solid waste which cannot be recycled and the recyclable solid waste in the kitchen waste according to the volume of the solid waste after the first solid-liquid separation through a filter screen, and performing the second solid-liquid separation on the liquid waste after the solid-liquid separation through the filter screen;
the crushing conveyor (3) is used for crushing the recyclable solid waste obtained after screening to a specified specification;
the grease refining device (4) is used for refining the high-temperature grease from the recyclable solid waste fragments subjected to crushing treatment;
the oil residue separation device (5) is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the oil and the residue;
the grease collecting device (6) is used for filtering grease obtained after oil residue separation, and then collecting and storing the grease;
the residue squeezing and packaging machine (7) is used for squeezing grease enriched in dry residues from residues obtained after oil residue separation, then moderately cooling, crushing, and sealing and packaging;
the waste water purification and circulation device (8) is used for collecting generated waste water in a centralized manner, purifying and recycling the waste water;
the waste gas treatment device (9) is used for collecting generated waste gas in a centralized manner and then treating the waste gas to reach the standard to discharge.
5. The method for harmless treatment of the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the kitchen waste collection vehicle (1) consists of a walking part (1-1), a mechanical arm (1-2), a sealed carriage (1-3), a disinfectant storage barrel (1-4), a disinfectant connecting pipe (1-5) and a disinfectant nozzle (1-6); the sealed carriage (1-3) is arranged at the rear part of the walking part (1-1); the manipulator (1-2) and the disinfectant storage barrel (1-4) are arranged in the area between the walking part (1-1) and the sealed carriage (1-3); one end of the disinfectant connecting pipe (1-5) is connected with the disinfectant storage barrel (1-4), the other end of the disinfectant connecting pipe is connected with the disinfectant nozzle (1-6), and the disinfectant connecting pipe (1-5) is laid outside the manipulator (1-2); the disinfectant nozzle (1-6) is arranged in the middle of the top opening end of the manipulator (1-2); the sealed carriage (1-3) comprises a sealed carriage body (1-3-1), a kitchen waste inlet sealing door (1-3-2), two tail sealing doors (1-3-3), two door opening and closing oil cylinders (1-3-4), a safety oil cylinder (1-3-6) and a safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve (1-3-5); two tail sealing doors (1-3-3) are oppositely arranged at the tail of the sealing carriage body (1-3-1); one end of the door opening and closing oil cylinder (1-3-4) is arranged on the tail sealing door (1-3-3), and the other end is arranged on the inner side wall of the sealing carriage body (1-3-1); a kitchen waste inlet sealing door (1-3-2); the kitchen waste inlet sealing door (1-3-2) is arranged at the front part of the top surface of the sealing carriage body (1-3-1); the kitchen waste inlet sealing door (1-3-2) can adopt an automatic push-pull type and an automatic flip type; the safety oil cylinder (1-3-6) is arranged in the middle of the outer side of one tail sealing door (1-3-3), the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve (1-3-5) is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the other tail sealing door (1-3-3), the position of the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve corresponds to that of the safety oil cylinder (1-3-6), and the extending part of the safety oil cylinder (1-3-6) can extend into the safety oil cylinder adaptive sleeve (1-3-5); the method is characterized in that: the sealed compartment (1-3) also comprises a push plate push-pull driving part (1-3-7), a push plate (1-3-8), a filter plate (1-3-9) and a liquid discharge pipe (1-3-10); the push plate (1-3-8) is arranged at the front end inside the sealed carriage (1-3); the push plate push-pull driving part (1-3-7) can push the push plate (1-3-8) to move back and forth in the sealed carriage (1-3); the filter plate (1-3-9) is arranged at the lower part of the sealed carriage (1-3) and divides the inside of the sealed carriage (1-3) into a solid storage part A and a liquid storage part B; the liquid discharge pipe (1-3-10) is arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the sealed carriage (1-3) and is convenient for discharging the liquid in the sealed carriage (1-3).
6. The high-temperature method harmless treatment method for kitchen waste as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that: the kitchen waste collecting vehicle (1) further comprises a barrel hanging mechanism, wherein the kitchen waste standard collecting barrel is lifted to the top of the carriage, and then waste is poured into the sealed carriage (1-3) through the material turning mechanism; the barrel hanging mechanism can be a mechanical arm (2), and the kitchen waste standard collecting barrel is clamped to pour the waste into a sealed carriage (1-3).
7. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the kitchen waste vibration screening machine (2) consists of a feed hopper (2-1), a vibration screening part (2-2), a vibration spring (2-3), a vibration motor (2-4) and a bottom frame (2-5); the vibration screening part (2-2) is arranged at the top of the bottom frame (2-5) through four vibration springs (2-3), and the vibration screening part (2-2) is in a certain inclination after being arranged; the feed hopper (2-1) is arranged at the high end of the vibration screening part (2-2); the vibration motor (2-4) is arranged at the bottom of the vibration screening part (2-2); the vibration screening part (2-2) is provided with a primary solid discharge hopper (2-2-1), a secondary solid discharge hopper (2-2-2), a liquid discharge hopper (2-2-3), a primary solid screening cavity (2-2-4), a secondary solid screening cavity (2-2-5) and a liquid screening cavity (2-2-6); the primary solid discharge hopper (2-2-1), the secondary solid discharge hopper (2-2-2) and the liquid discharge hopper (2-2-3) are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the vibrating screening part (2-2); filter screens are arranged between the primary solid screening cavity (2-2-4) and the secondary solid screening cavity (2-2-5) and between the secondary solid screening cavity (2-2-5) and the liquid screening cavity (2-2-6); the primary solid screening cavity (2-2-4), the secondary solid screening cavity (2-2-5) and the liquid screening cavity (2-2-6) are respectively three cavities separated by two filter screens from top to bottom in the vibration screening part (2-2).
8. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the aperture of the filter screen between the first-stage solid screening cavity (2-2-4) and the second-stage solid screening cavity (2-2-5) is larger than that of the filter screen between the second-stage solid screening cavity (2-2-5) and the liquid screening cavity (2-2-6).
9. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the wastewater purification circulating device (8) comprises a sewage treatment device (8-1), a circulating water cache pool (8-2) and an oil separation pool (8-3); the oil separation tank (8-3) collects and deposits sewage generated in the harmless treatment process of the kitchen waste, then the sewage is introduced into the sewage treatment equipment (8-1) to be treated and discharged into the circulating water cache tank (8-2) after reaching the standard, and the treated water is used in the harmless treatment process of the kitchen waste and the domestic water again.
10. The method for harmlessly treating the kitchen waste by the high-temperature method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the waste gas treatment device (9) comprises a biomass fuel boiler (9-1), a tail gas purification device (9-2) and a condensation box (9-3); oil smoke generated in the oil refining device (4) is treated by the condensing box (9-3), gaseous oil in the oil smoke is cooled and liquefied and then flows into the oil separation tank (8-3), the oil smoke passing through the condensing box (9-3) and waste gas generated in the harmless treatment process of kitchen waste enter the tail end of the biomass fuel boiler (9-1) together for incineration treatment, and the waste gas of the biomass fuel boiler after the incineration treatment is subjected to centralized treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard.
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| CN201811636689.1A CN111375620A (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Harmless treatment method for kitchen waste by high-temperature method |
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| CN201811636689.1A CN111375620A (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Harmless treatment method for kitchen waste by high-temperature method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114101103A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 山东新一代信息产业技术研究院有限公司 | Tableware recycling robot system based on artificial intelligence |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114101103A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 山东新一代信息产业技术研究院有限公司 | Tableware recycling robot system based on artificial intelligence |
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