CN111872071A - Integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system and a method thereof, wherein the system comprises a cabinet type box body, a pulverizer, a solid-liquid separation device and an oil-water separation and grease recovery device which are sequentially arranged in the box body; the kitchen waste is crushed by the crusher, and the crushed kitchen waste is conveyed to the solid-liquid separator by the kitchen waste feed liquid conveyor for solid-liquid separation, so that the separated solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste are separated; the solid kitchen garbage is packaged by a solid packaging machine and then is put into a sterilizer for sterilization and outward transportation and utilization; the liquid kitchen garbage enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation to prepare grease and wastewater, the grease is collected in a grease storage tank for recycling, and the wastewater is discharged into a municipal sewage pipe network. The invention can eliminate the cost and pollution of the packaging bag, the separated sewage directly enters a municipal sewage pipe network, the transportation amount is reduced by 80-90%, the transportation cost is greatly saved, the centralized and unified management of the grease is realized, and the grease is prevented from flowing into the dining table again.

Description

An integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system and method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to an integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system and method thereof.

Background technique

Kitchen waste is a general term for the leftover meals discarded by government agencies, schools, collective canteens, restaurants, and hotels, including discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, leftovers, peels, fruit cores, eggshells, etc., and can also include more broadly. All kinds of meat bones, tea, etc. Compared with other wastes, kitchen waste has the characteristics of high moisture content, organic matter content, oil and salt content, and easy corruption. Because the kitchen waste is easy to ferment, deteriorate and rot, it not only produces a lot of toxins, emits foul gas, but also pollutes the water body and the atmosphere, seriously affecting the living environment, and it is easy to grow pathogenic microorganisms, mycotoxins and other harmful substances, which are potentially harmful to people's health. threat. At present, the main treatment methods of kitchen waste are:

1. Physical sorting and processing: A series of methods are used to separate the various components in the garbage, and then recycle them uniformly. On the one hand, this method makes the best use of everything, and on the other hand, reduces the possible pollution caused by garbage to a minimum. However, due to its high cost, most countries do not use this method except for a few developed countries;

2. Crushing and straight-discharging method: The United States has successfully developed a food waste disposer as early as the 1940s. sewers, so as to solve the trouble of discarding and storing food waste. In addition, Japan has also developed kitchen waste treatment equipment very early, and some are even equipped with ozone deodorizers to remove various odors generated by kitchen waste. Today more than 90% of the United States use such machines, and some cities even make them mandatory. Each state in the United States has slightly different policies and methods on the disposal of kitchen waste. Many states have established their own kitchen waste disposal and recycling systems according to local specific conditions.

3. Landfill method: The landfill method of kitchen waste is an anaerobic digestion treatment method, which can decompose organic matter into CH4, and can completely dispose of the waste. This technology is convenient and will not leave the problem of residue disposal. However, although this method can better deal with kitchen waste, it is aimed at eliminating garbage and cannot realize the recycling and reuse of kitchen waste. With the increasing awareness of the availability of kitchen waste, whether in Europe, America, Japan or China, the landfill rate of kitchen waste is showing a downward trend, and many countries have even banned food waste from entering landfills Field processing.

4. Anaerobic treatment: it is currently the most environmentally friendly and profitable method. Anaerobic treatment can generate a large amount of biogas. Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be used for power generation and fuel. It has no odor due to the fully enclosed system. Therefore, it is considered to be one of the future development directions of kitchen waste.

5. Microbial treatment: the process of decomposing and utilizing organic matter in kitchen waste through the metabolic growth activities of microorganisms. Fermentation methods mainly include solid state fermentation and liquid fermentation. Because solid-state fermentation has the characteristics of low energy consumption, short cycle and high yield, solid-state fermentation is now mostly used. At present, domestic food waste is mainly treated by landfill and incineration. With the continuous increase in the production of food waste, it is more and more difficult to find new landfill sites, and the use of incineration to treat food waste involves a large investment. , limited exhaust emissions and other issues, it is difficult to be widely used. The nutrients in kitchen waste are easily digested and utilized by animals and are good feed raw materials. The traditional way to deal with food waste is to feed livestock and poultry directly without any treatment. However, in this way, it is easy to transmit diseases in the population to livestock and poultry through kitchen waste, and it may also cause harm to human health through the food chain accumulated with toxins and harmful substances in livestock and livestock, thereby causing diseases between humans and animals. of cross infection. Especially in recent years, the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, mad cow disease and other diseases has increased people's attention to feed safety. However, in addition to the crushing and direct discharge method, whether it is physical sorting treatment, landfill treatment, anaerobic treatment or microbial treatment, there are problems in the classification, packaging, delivery, transportation and sorting of kitchen waste. First of all, the classification and packaging of kitchen waste usually use plastic packaging bags, and the leakage of packaging bags is a very annoying thing. Secondly, plastic packaging bags and kitchen waste are squeezed and bonded together during the delivery and transfer process, which makes the subsequent sorting very difficult, not only the workload is huge, but also tiring and dirty. If it is not sorted, it will lead to white pollution (plastic packaging bags), which will be used as fertilizer to pollute the land. If it is used as a raw material for the production of feed, it is even more impossible because of the mixing of plastic bags. Third, plastic packaging bags consume a lot of money, resulting in a lot of waste of resources and white pollution (plastic packaging bags). In addition, 80 to 90 percent of kitchen waste is water, which is directly packed in plastic bags, resulting in a huge transportation volume.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for the treatment and comprehensive utilization of kitchen waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide an integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system and method thereof, so as to solve the problems of large workload, high processing cost, It is easy to cause the problem of secondary pollution.

The present invention is realized in this way, an integrated meal waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system, which includes a pulverizer, a solid-liquid separation device, and an oil-water separation and oil recovery device, the pulverizer, the solid-liquid separation device and the The oil-water separation and oil recovery device are connected in sequence, and the pulverizer, the solid-liquid separation device and the oil-water separation and oil recovery device are arranged in a cabinet-type box, and the cabinet-type box can be placed in each in a canteen or restaurant, where:

The pulverizer is a small pulverizer, which can meet the strength requirements for crushing animal bones, fruit stones, etc., and is used for meal waste crushing;

The solid-liquid separation device includes a meal waste material-liquid conveyor, a solid-liquid separator, a solid packaging machine and a sterilizer, and the meal waste material-liquid conveyor is communicated with the pulverizer for collecting and conveying The meal waste processed by the pulverizer; the water inlet of the solid-liquid separator is communicated with the water outlet of the meal waste material-liquid conveyor, and is used for the meal waste pulverized by the pulverizer. Solid-liquid separation, wherein: the solid-liquid separator is provided with a liquid discharge port and a solid discharge port, the solid discharge port is communicated with the feed port of the solid packaging machine, After the solid meal waste is put into the sterilizer for sterilization, it is transported out for use; the liquid discharge port and the oil-water separation are communicated with the grease recovery device;

The oil-water separation and grease recovery device includes an oil-water separator and a grease recovery tank, the oil-water separator is communicated with the liquid discharge port of the solid-liquid separator, and is used for collecting liquid meal waste in the solid-liquid separator, and Oil-water separation is performed on the liquid meal waste; the sewage discharge port of the oil-water separator is communicated with the municipal sewage pipe network; the grease outlet of the oil-water separator is communicated with a grease recovery tank for recovering grease.

Preferably, the upper part of the pulverizer is provided with a feeding port, a tap water inlet, and a cover for covering the feeding port, and the lower part of the pulverizer is provided with a material liquid discharge switch, the material liquid discharge switch and the The material liquid conveyor is connected.

Preferably, the feed liquid conveyor is one of a vacuum conveyor, a pressurized conveyor or a feed liquid pump.

Preferably, the solid-liquid separator is one of a centrifugal separator, a pressure filter, or a vacuum filter.

Preferably, the solid packing machine is one of a vacuum packing machine, a pressure packing machine or a bag packing machine.

Preferably, the sterilizer is one of an electrolysis sterilizer, a pasteurizer, and an ultrasonic sterilizer.

Preferably, the oil-water separator is one of a centrifugal oil-water separator, a gravity oil-water separator or a membrane filtration oil-water separator.

On the other hand, a method for integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step S1: Pulverization: Open the machine cover, put the meal waste to be processed into the pulverizer through the feeding port, close the pulverizer cover, start the pulverizer power supply to pulverize to more than 80 meshes, and then open and tap the water inlet. , Use tap water to flush the kitchen waste in the pulverizer through the material liquid discharge switch into the meal waste liquid machine, and transport the crushed meal waste to the solid-liquid separator through the meal waste liquid conveyor.

Step S2: solid-liquid separation: start the solid-liquid separator to separate the pulverized meal waste into solid and liquid waste, and separate the solid waste into solid waste and liquid waste. The solid waste is discharged into the solid packaging machine through the solid-liquid separation outlet. After packaging, it enters the sterilizer for sterilization and serves as the raw material for the production of feed or fertilizer; the liquid waste enters the oil-water separator through the liquid discharge port of the solid-liquid separator.

Step S3: oil-water separation and grease recovery: start the oil-water separator, separate the liquid waste in step S2 from oil and water, and discharge the separated grease into the grease recovery tank through the grease outlet of the oil-water separator, and store it for later use; the separated waste water It is discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network through the sewage discharge port of the oil-water separator.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system of the present invention integrates the collection, crushing, packaging and separation of kitchen waste, and is configured in each canteen or restaurant for collecting and crushing kitchen waste on the spot, It solves the trouble of garbage packaging, saves a lot of packaging bags and eradicates white pollution (plastic packaging bag pollution).

2. The integrated kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system of the present invention adopts the on-site treatment of meal waste in canteens or restaurants, and separates it into 10-15% solids, 5-10% oil and 70-80% Solid waste and grease are packaged and transported separately, and the separated sewage directly enters the municipal sewage pipe network, reducing the transportation volume by 80-90%, saving a lot of transportation costs; centralized and unified management of grease prevents it from flowing into the dining table again.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Drawing designation

Grinder-100, Solid-liquid separation system-200, Oil-water separation and grease recovery device-300, Kitchen waste material-liquid conveyor-210, Solid-liquid separator-220, Oil-water separator-310, Grease recovery tank-320, Solid packing machine-230, sterilizer-240, water inlet of solid-liquid separator-221, liquid discharge port-222, solid discharge port-223, feeding port-311, sewage discharge port-312, feeding port-111 , Machine cover-112, material liquid discharge switch-114, tap water inlet 113, grease outlet-313.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "fixedly connected" to another element, it can be a conventional fixed connection such as a welded or bolted or glued connection.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is an embodiment of the present invention, and an integrated meal waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system in this embodiment, which is used for recycling and reuse of kitchen waste resources, including a pulverizer 100. The solid-liquid separation device 200 and the oil-water separation and grease recovery device 300 are further described below for an integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system in this embodiment:

The pulverizer 100, the solid-liquid separation device 200, and the oil-water separation and oil recovery device 300 are connected in sequence, and the pulverizer 100, the solid-liquid separation device 200, and the oil-water separation and oil recovery device 300 are arranged in a cabinet-type box. The body can be placed in every canteen or restaurant where:

The pulverizer 100 is a small pulverizer 100, which can meet the strength requirements for crushing animal bones, fruit stones, etc., and is used for pulverizing meal waste; in this application, the blade of the pulverizer 100 is a tungsten steel blade, which has high hardness, wear resistance and strength. And the advantages of better toughness, etc., improve the pulverizing efficiency of the pulverizer 100.

The solid-liquid separation device 200 includes a meal waste material-liquid conveyor 210, a solid-liquid separator 220, a solid packaging machine 230 and a sterilizer 240. The meal waste material-liquid conveyor 210 communicates with the pulverizer 100 for collecting and conveying The meal waste processed by the pulverizer 100; the water inlet 221 of the solid-liquid separator 220 is connected with the water outlet of the meal waste material-liquid conveyor 210, and is used for solid-liquid separation of the meal waste pulverized by the pulverizer 100. Separation, wherein: the solid-liquid separator 220 is provided with a liquid discharge port 222 and a solid discharge port 223, and the solid discharge port 223 is communicated with the feed port 311 of the solid packaging machine 230, and the solid meal waste after the solid packaging machine 230 is packed After the garbage is sterilized in the sterilizer 240, it is transported out for use; the liquid discharge port 222 and the oil-water separation are communicated with the grease recovery device 300;

The oil-water separation and grease recovery device 300 includes an oil-water separator 310 and a grease recovery tank 320. The oil-water separator 310 communicates with the liquid discharge port 222 of the solid-liquid separator 220 and is used for collecting liquid meal waste, And oil-water separation is performed on the liquid meal waste; the sewage discharge port 312 of the oil-water separator 310 is communicated with the municipal sewage pipe network; the grease outlet 313 of the oil-water separator 310 is communicated with the grease recovery tank 320 to recover grease.

Specifically, the upper part of the pulverizer 100 is provided with a feeding port 111, a tap water inlet 113, and a cover 112 covering the feeding port 111. The lower part of the pulverizer 100 is provided with a material liquid discharge switch 114, which is connected to Conveyor is connected.

Specifically, the feed liquid conveyor is one of a vacuum conveyor, a pressurized conveyor or a feed liquid pump.

Specifically, the solid-liquid separator 220 is one of a centrifugal separator, a pressure filter, or a vacuum filter.

Specifically, the solid packing machine 230 is one of a vacuum packing machine, a pressure packing machine or a bag packing machine.

Specifically, the sterilizer 240 is one of an electrolytic sterilizer 240 , a pasteurizer 240 , and an ultrasonic sterilizer 240 .

Specifically, the oil-water separator 310 is one of the centrifugal oil-water separator 310 , the gravity oil-water separator 310 or the membrane filtration oil-water separator 310 .

In this application, the kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system further includes an automatic control device, the automatic control device is used for the control function of the kitchen waste treatment and comprehensive utilization system, which consists of a time controller, a flow sensor, a liquid level sensor, a Gravity sensor, PLC and control valve, the control valve is electric valve or pneumatic valve, as follows:

The controller includes a control unit, a fault detection unit, a data receiving unit and a data processing unit. The data processing unit includes a calculation module and a judgment module. The fault detection unit can receive the fault signal and transmit it to the control unit; the data receiving unit can receive the flow sensor, liquid Position sensor, gravity sensor, system operation status, control valve switch status and other data, and after the data is transmitted to the data processing unit, the calculation module and the judgment module in the data processing unit process the received data and form instructions, and then Send the command to the control unit. The control unit controls the liquid garbage transportation, the solid-liquid separation process, the solid garbage packaging process, and the oil-water separation process of the liquid garbage in the system according to the instructions.

Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention also provides another embodiment, which relates to a method for integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization, including the following steps:

Step S1: Pulverization: Open the cover 112, put the meal waste to be processed into the pulverizer 100 through the feeding port 111, close the cover of the pulverizer 100, start the pulverizer 100 to pulverize the power supply and pulverize to more than 80 meshes, and then Open and tap water inlet 113, use tap water to flush the kitchen waste in the grinder 100 through the liquid discharge switch 114 into the meal waste liquid machine, and transport the crushed meal waste liquid through the meal waste liquid conveyor 210. into the solid-liquid separator 220.

Step S2: solid-liquid separation: start the solid-liquid separator 220 to separate the pulverized meal waste into solid and liquid waste, and then the solid waste is discharged into the solid packaging machine through the solid discharge port 223 of the solid-liquid separation. 230 , after packaging, it enters the sterilizer 240 for sterilization and serves as a raw material for producing feed or fertilizer; the liquid waste enters the oil-water separator 310 through the liquid discharge port 222 of the solid-liquid separator 220 .

Step S3: oil-water separation and grease recovery: start the oil-water separator 310, carry out oil-water separation on the liquid waste in step S2, and the separated grease is discharged into the grease recovery tank 320 through the grease outlet 313 of the oil-water separator 310, and is stored for later use; The separated waste water is discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network through the sewage discharge port 312 of the oil-water separator 310 .

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their structures are not limited to the shapes listed above. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. an integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system, is characterized in that: comprise pulverizer, solid-liquid separation device and oil-water separation and grease recovery device, described pulverizer, described solid-liquid separation device and described oil-water The separation and oil recovery devices are connected in sequence, and the pulverizer, the solid-liquid separation device, and the oil-water separation and oil recovery device are arranged in a cabinet-type box, and the cabinet-type box can be placed in each canteen or in restaurants, where: The pulverizer is a small pulverizer, which can meet the strength requirements for crushing animal bones, fruit stones, etc., and is used for meal waste crushing; The solid-liquid separation device includes a meal waste material-liquid conveyor, a solid-liquid separator, a solid packaging machine and a sterilizer, and the meal waste material-liquid conveyor is communicated with the pulverizer for collecting and conveying The meal waste processed by the pulverizer; the water inlet of the solid-liquid separator is communicated with the water outlet of the meal waste material-liquid conveyor, and is used for the meal waste pulverized by the pulverizer. Solid-liquid separation, wherein: the solid-liquid separator is provided with a liquid discharge port and a solid discharge port, the solid discharge port is communicated with the feed port of the solid packaging machine, After the solid meal waste is put into the sterilizer for sterilization, it is transported out for use; the liquid discharge port and the oil-water separation are communicated with the grease recovery device; The oil-water separation and grease recovery device includes an oil-water separator and a grease recovery tank, the oil-water separator is communicated with the liquid discharge port of the solid-liquid separator, and is used for collecting liquid meal waste in the solid-liquid separator, and Oil-water separation is performed on the liquid meal waste; the sewage discharge port of the oil-water separator is communicated with the municipal sewage pipe network; the grease outlet of the oil-water separator is communicated with a grease recovery tank for recovering grease. 2. An integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the pulverizer is provided with a feeding port, a tap water inlet, and a machine for covering the feeding port. The lower part of the pulverizer is provided with a material and liquid discharge switch, and the material and liquid discharge switch is communicated with the material and liquid conveyor. 3. An integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the material-liquid conveyor is one of a vacuum conveyor, a pressurized conveyor or a material-liquid pump. 4 . The integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 , wherein the solid-liquid separator is one of a centrifugal separator, a pressure filter, or a vacuum filter. 5 . 5. An integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the solid packaging machine is one of a vacuum packaging machine, a pressure packaging machine or a bag packaging machine. 6 . The meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 , wherein the sterilizer is one of an electrolysis sterilizer, a pasteurizer, and an ultrasonic sterilizer. 7 . 7. An integrated meal waste disposal and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the oil-water separator is one of a centrifugal oil-water separator, a gravity oil-water separator or a membrane filtration oil-water separator . 8. A method for the integrated disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste at meal place, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step S1: Pulverization: Open the machine cover, put the meal waste to be processed into the pulverizer through the feeding port, close the pulverizer cover, start the pulverizer power supply to pulverize to more than 80 meshes, and then open and tap the water inlet. , Use tap water to flush the kitchen waste in the pulverizer through the material liquid discharge switch into the meal waste liquid machine, and transport the crushed meal waste to the solid-liquid separator through the meal waste liquid conveyor. Step S2: solid-liquid separation: start the solid-liquid separator to separate the pulverized meal waste into solid and liquid waste, and separate the solid waste into solid waste and liquid waste. The solid waste is discharged into the solid packaging machine through the solid-liquid separation outlet. After packaging, it enters the sterilizer for sterilization and serves as the raw material for the production of feed or fertilizer; the liquid waste enters the oil-water separator through the liquid discharge port of the solid-liquid separator. Step S3: oil-water separation and grease recovery: start the oil-water separator, separate the liquid waste in step S2 from oil and water, and discharge the separated grease into the grease recovery tank through the grease outlet of the oil-water separator, and store it for later use; the separated waste water It is discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network through the sewage discharge port of the oil-water separator.

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