CN111374228A - Beef cattle feed and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Beef cattle feed and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111374228A CN111374228A CN202010278367.5A CN202010278367A CN111374228A CN 111374228 A CN111374228 A CN 111374228A CN 202010278367 A CN202010278367 A CN 202010278367A CN 111374228 A CN111374228 A CN 111374228A
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- feed
- beef cattle
- silage
- corn
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/06—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges on a cylinder surface, e.g. of the helical-type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/007—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for mixing feeding-stuff components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/23—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis
- B01F27/232—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes
- B01F27/2322—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes with parallel axes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/92—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws
- B01F27/922—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws with two or more helices, e.g. with intermeshing helices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
- B01F33/8305—Devices with one shaft, provided with mixing and milling tools, e.g. using balls or rollers as working tools; Devices with two or more tools rotating about the same axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
- B01F35/322—Construction of driving shafts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
- B01F35/323—Driving arrangements for vertical stirrer shafts
- B01F35/3231—Driving several stirrer shafts, e.g. about the same axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/06—Mixing of food ingredients
- B01F2101/18—Mixing animal food ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a beef cattle feed and a processing method thereof, wherein the feed is obtained by putting coarse materials and fine materials into stirring equipment according to the proportion of 3-8:2-7, stirring for 20-40 minutes and uniformly mixing; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-60% of fresh feed and 40-60% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of bagasse, 80-120 parts of cassava, 300 parts of corn, 0-75 parts of expanded soybean meal, 140 parts of wheat bran, 0-10 parts of tea meal, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix. The feed disclosed by the invention is good in palatability, contains nutritional ingredients required by growth of beef cattle such as protein, phosphorus and calcium, can effectively promote the rapid growth of the beef cattle, is suitable for the whole growth cycle of the beef cattle from calf to fattening and marketing, and is simple in processing method and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of beef cattle feed production, in particular to beef cattle feed and a processing method thereof.
Background
Cattle are ruminants with four stomachs, called rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum, respectively. The rumen, reticulum and omasum are called forestomach, and the stomach wall has no gastric gland and does not secrete gastric juice. The stomach has gastric glands, which secrete gastric juice. The utilization of coarse fodder by ruminant is characterized by that it possesses expanded rumen and reticulum, the rumen can be used for inhabiting several microorganisms, and the fed fodder is first fermented by microorganisms in rumen and reticulum, then fed into true stomach and small intestine, and further digested and utilized by organism. Therefore, the formulation design of the beef cattle feed has the particularity that the feed not only meets the nutritional requirements of beef cattle, but also meets the growth requirements of rumen microorganisms. The beef cattle has the characteristics of full body, quick weight increment, high feed utilization rate and good meat production performance.
In recent years, the proportion of beef consumption in the total consumption of beef in China gradually rises, and the demand of general consumers on beef yield and beef quality is higher and higher, so that higher requirements are provided for professional large-scale feeding of beef cattle. The beef cattle mainly produce beef, and have the advantages of full body, fast weight increment, high feed utilization rate, good meat production performance, high beef nutritive value, good meat quality and taste and relatively good market price. The beef cattle breeding industry in China is always greatly developed, the yield is increased year by year, and meanwhile, consumers also pay more and more attention to the safety supply guarantee of beef cattle food. At present, highly intensive beef cattle breeding in China brings a plurality of challenges to the aspects of beef cattle disease prevention and control, food safety, environmental protection and the like. When feeding cattle, people need to feed with various feeds in order to improve the balance of various nutrients in the cattle body, but the existing feed has poor palatability, unbalanced nutrition and complex production process and higher cost, thereby bringing heavy economic burden to farmers and being not beneficial to the benefits of enterprises. Meanwhile, in order to promote the growth of beef cattle, the feed often contains a large amount of protein, when the beef cattle are fed by adopting the common feed, the beef cattle have weak digestion capacity on the feed, the growth speed is slow, the feed conversion rate is low, a large amount of protein nutrient components are discharged along with excrement, and the protein nutrient components emit foul smell under the decomposition action of harmful bacteria to influence the feeding environment. In addition, in order to accelerate the growth speed of the beef cattle and pursue the maximum economic benefit in some cattle farms, a plurality of medicines for promoting the growth of the beef cattle or enhancing the physical resistance, including some hormone or antibiotic substances, are added into the feed; part of the medicine can be remained in the beef body within a certain time, which has great influence on the health of beef eaters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a beef cattle feed and a processing method thereof, the feed has good palatability, contains nutritional ingredients required by the growth of beef cattle such as protein, phosphorus, calcium and the like, can effectively promote the rapid growth of the beef cattle, is suitable for the whole growth period of the beef cattle from calf to fattening and marketing, and has simple processing method and low cost.
A beef cattle feed is prepared by uniformly mixing coarse material and refined material according to the proportion of 3-8: 2-7; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-60% of fresh feed and 40-60% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of bagasse, 80-120 parts of cassava, 300 parts of corn, 0-75 parts of expanded soybean meal, 140 parts of wheat bran, 0-10 parts of tea meal, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix.
The fresh feed comprises more than one of sugarcane tail tips, banana stems and leaves, straws, pasture and mulberry branches and leaves.
The silage comprises more than one of silage corn, silage grass, silage peanut seedlings and silage sweet potato vines.
The straw is more than one of corn straw, peanut straw, cassava straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, cotton straw and rice straw.
The forage grass is more than one of stylosanthes guianensis, dancing grass, wild green beans, lolium multiflorum, cassia winged Cassia, white hyacinth beans, elephant grass and alfalfa.
The compound premix is 5 percent beef cattle compound premix which is purchased from Shanghai Shenya animal health products Co.
The processing method of the beef cattle feed comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and smashing raw materials of silage by using hay cutting equipment, then putting the cut and smashed raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank, spraying activated probiotics, compacting, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35-38 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 d.
(2) And cutting and smashing the fresh feed by using a hay cutting device for later use.
(3) The bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal are ground and sieved by a 150-mesh sieve, and then the bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal powder are mixed with puffed soybean meal, stone powder, feed additive sodium chloride and compound premix according to parts by weight.
(4) And (3) putting the silage obtained in the step (1), the fresh feed obtained in the step (2) and the concentrate obtained in the step (3) into stirring equipment according to the proportion, and stirring for 20-40 minutes to obtain the meat feed.
The hay cutting equipment comprises a travelling mechanism, a machine shell, a reduction gearbox, a motor, a transmission mechanism, a spiral cutter head, a rotating main shaft, a throwing mechanism and a feeding mechanism, wherein the travelling mechanism is welded at the bottom of the machine shell; the spiral cutter head is in a spiral shape, and each rotary blade is provided with a chopper; the shell is divided into an upper shell and a lower shell, and the upper shell can be opened to facilitate replacement and maintenance and internal cleaning; the feeding mechanism comprises a conveying belt, compression rollers, a feeding port, a horizontal fixed cutter and a vertical fixed cutter, the feeding port is located at the joint of the conveying belt and the casing, a pair of compression rollers is installed in the feeding port, the vertical fixed cutters are respectively installed on the upper side and the lower side of the tail end of the feeding port, and the horizontal fixed cutter is installed in the middle of the tail end of the feeding port.
The active probiotics comprise effective viable bacteria1.5*107-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107The yeast is obtained by mixing cfu/mg yeast according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 3-6.
The stirring device includes: the charging basket is a container without being capped, two sides of the middle of the charging basket are respectively provided with 1 triangular structure, the charging basket is divided into two left and right working areas, 1 conical auger is arranged in each working area, 2 bevel gear transmission boxes are arranged at the bottom of the charging basket corresponding to the positions of the conical augers, the bevel gear transmission boxes are fixedly connected with the conical augers, the driving motor is positioned on the outer side of the bottom of the charging basket and connected with the adjacent bevel gear transmission boxes through the universal transmission shafts, the 2 bevel gear transmission boxes are connected through the transmission shafts, the weighing device is arranged at the bottom of the charging basket, the side face of the charging basket is provided with a discharge door, and the discharge door is connected with the hydraulic device fixed on the side edge of the charging basket; the blades of the conical auger are annular toothed blades and are used for lifting materials at the bottom of the charging basket and cutting large-particle materials; the hydraulic device comprises a hydraulic rod, a hydraulic pipe and a hydraulic machine, the hydraulic machine is installed on the outer side of the charging bucket, the top of the hydraulic rod is fixed to the top end of the outer side of the charging bucket, the bottom of the hydraulic rod is connected with the discharging door, and the hydraulic rod is connected with the hydraulic machine through the hydraulic pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the beef cattle feed is prepared by mixing coarse feed and concentrated feed, and is suitable for the whole growth cycle of beef cattle from calf to fattening and marketing. The coarse fodder is fed by matching fresh fodder and silage according to seasonal fodder storage, and most of fresh fodder production has seasonality and cannot be obtained for a long time; the silage has high acidity and low nitrogen utilization rate, and the feeding amount of the silage is preferably not more than 30% -50% of daily ration. The silage is more storage-resistant than fresh feed, and has more nutrient components than dry feed. The main nutritional quality of the high-quality silage is close to that of silage raw materials, the silage has good palatability, the feed intake, the organic matter digestibility and the effective energy value of ruminants are similar to those of the silage raw materials, the vitamin content and the energy level of the silage are high, the nutritional quality is good, a large amount of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation products of fermentation bacteria are contained, the silage is more beneficial to digestion and absorption of beef cattle on the feed, and the protein variety is richer. The invention feeds the fresh feed and the silage in a matching way, improves the percentage content of the fresh feed when the fresh feed is more, and reduces the percentage content of the fresh feed when the fresh feed is less. The source of the fresh feed is wide, the raw materials are produced in each season basically, and the large-scale breeding requirement of beef cattle can be met.
Corn and wheat are common grain feeds, cassava is common potato feeds, and soybean is soybean feeds, and the grains, beans and potatoes are reasonably proportioned in the concentrated feed, so that the nutrition is more balanced. The bagasse contains a large amount of sugar and cellulose, and the sugar can improve the eating amount of the feed for cattle. The tea seed cake contains saccharicterpenin which can obviously improve the neuroendocrine immune function and disease-resistant and stress-resistant functions of animal organisms, has the functions of obviously eliminating free radicals and resisting oxidation, can regulate the cAMP/cGMP system function, promotes protein synthesis and digestive enzyme activity, can increase the feed intake of beef cattle by a proper amount of tea seed cake, improves the immunity, daily gain and feed conversion efficiency, and reduces the diarrhea rate of the beef cattle in the fattening stage. The stone powder is the most cheap and convenient mineral raw material for supplementing calcium, and not only can supplement calcium element for beef cattle, but also can supplement iron, manganese, magnesium and other elements. The 5% beef cattle compound premix is suitable for the whole growing and fattening period of beef cattle, is added with Chinese herbal medicine components and appetizing and digestion-aiding herbaceous plants, is beneficial to fattening cattle rumination and helping beef cattle to gain weight more quickly, has obvious effects on the aspects of preventing rumen expansion and food retention, inhibiting diarrhea, promoting expansion and fat increase, resisting stress and the like, and has four effects of framing, strengthening bones, resisting stress and promoting weight increase.
In the processing method of the beef cattle feed, raw materials of coarse materials are cut and smashed by a hay cutting device, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the fermentation effect of the silage is improved. The silage contains 1.5 × 10 effective viable bacteria7-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107Yeast in cfu/mg by massThe activated probiotics obtained by mixing the components in a ratio of 1-2:3-6 is fermented, so that the fermentation effect is good and the fermentation speed is high. Raw materials of bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea seed meal in the concentrate are crushed and then sieved by a 150-mesh sieve, the fineness of the pretreated bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea seed meal is small, the pretreated bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea seed meal are easy to adhere to coarse materials with more water, the fibrillation degree of the powder obtained after superfine crushing is good, the powder is easy to absorb, the fiber of the powder is high in enzymolysis digestibility, high in water holding capacity and good in swelling property, and intestinal health and defecation can be promoted.
The straw cutting equipment adopts the design of the spiral cutter head, more cutters can be installed compared with the traditional fan-shaped cutter head, the cutting efficiency and the cutting effect are improved, and when the spiral cutter head rotates, the materials in the shell can be pushed forwards to the material throwing port, so that the blockage caused by more materials is avoided. The horizontal fixed knife is additionally arranged in the middle of the feed port to cut the material in the horizontal direction, the area of the feed port is relatively reduced due to the horizontal fixed knife, the material moves to the vertical fixed knife on the other section up and down, the cutting force is improved, and the flatness of a cutting surface is improved. The hay cutting equipment is provided with the travelling mechanism, so that the equipment is convenient to move and transport, and the hay cutting equipment has good site adaptability.
According to the stirring equipment used by the invention, the blades of the conical auger are annular toothed blades, the conical shape can lift materials in the charging basket from the bottom to the top of the conical auger along the blades, then the materials fall down from two sides and are sequentially and circularly stirred, the traditional stirring equipment is not needed for separating the lifting device from the stirring device, the space is saved, the energy consumption is reduced, the connection time of the lifting and stirring processes is short, and the stirring efficiency is improved. The stirring equipment can solve the problem that a motor shaft and a bevel gear transmission box are not completely horizontal by additionally arranging the universal transmission shaft between the driving motor and the bevel gear transmission box, and can play the effect of a reduction gearbox. Agitated vessel adopts hydraulic means switch discharge door, because there is a large amount of fodder in the studio storage bucket, the fodder has great pressure to the storage bucket wall, needs the manual work to open when adopting traditional locking device to open the storage bucket and the fodder can gush out uncontrollable in a large number when opening, with establish hydraulic means after, the discharge door can be opened through the controller to hydraulic strength can control the degree of opening and shutting of hydraulic pressure door and avoid the condition that the fodder gushed out.
According to the feed processing method, coarse materials are cut and smashed through the grass cutting equipment, then enter the stirring equipment and are uniformly mixed with fine materials, bottom raw materials can be continuously lifted upwards and fall off from the edge through the blades of the conical auger in the stirring equipment to achieve the effect of fully and uniformly mixing, the annular toothed blades are used for further cutting and shortening longer or larger feeds in the continuous stirring process to be small, the devillicate brooming degree is improved, heat is generated by friction between the feeds and the stirring equipment in the continuous stirring process, the feeds are softened, and a part of fine material powder enters the cavities of the coarse materials and is stored in the cavities, so that the intake of the fine materials in feeding can be improved to a certain degree, and waste is avoided.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a front view of a hay cutting apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the hay cutting apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the housing of the hay cutter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spiral cutter head of the hay cutter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the feed inlet structure of the hay cutter;
in FIGS. 1-5, 1-the running gear; 2-a housing; 3-a reduction gearbox; 4-an electric motor; 5-a transmission mechanism; 6-spiral cutter head; 7-rotating the main shaft; 8-a material throwing mechanism; 9-a feeding mechanism; 10-spire; 11-a guillotine; 12-an upper housing; 13-a lower housing; 14-a conveyor belt; 15-a press roll; 16-a feed inlet; 17-horizontal stationary knife; 18-vertical stationary knife.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stirring apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the stirring device;
in FIGS. 6-7, 1-bucket; 2-a conical auger; 3-driving a motor; 4-universal drive shaft; 5-a transmission shaft; 6-bevel gear transmission case; 7-a weighing device; 8-a discharge door; 9-a hydraulic device; 10-triangular structure; 11-annular toothed blades; 12-a hydraulic lever; 13-a hydraulic tube; 14-hydraulic press.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A beef cattle feed is prepared by uniformly mixing coarse materials and fine materials according to the proportion of 3: 7; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of fresh feed and 40% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of bagasse, 120 parts of cassava, 300 parts of corn, 140 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of tea seed meal, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix.
The fresh feed comprises more than one of sugarcane tail tips, banana stems and leaves, straws, pasture and mulberry branches and leaves.
The silage comprises more than one of silage corn, silage grass, silage peanut seedlings and silage sweet potato vines.
The straw is more than one of corn straw, peanut straw, cassava straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, cotton straw and rice straw.
The forage grass is more than one of stylosanthes guianensis, dancing grass, wild green beans, lolium multiflorum, cassia winged Cassia, white hyacinth beans, elephant grass and alfalfa.
The compound premix is 5 percent beef cattle compound premix which is purchased from Shanghai Shenya animal health products Co.
The processing method of the beef cattle feed comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and smashing raw materials of silage by using hay cutting equipment, then putting the cut and smashed raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank, spraying activated probiotics, compacting, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 38 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3 d.
(2) And cutting and smashing the fresh feed by using a hay cutting device for later use.
(3) The bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal are ground and sieved by a 150-mesh sieve, and then the bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal powder are mixed with puffed soybean meal, stone powder, feed additive sodium chloride and compound premix according to parts by weight.
(4) And (3) putting the silage obtained in the step (1), the fresh feed obtained in the step (2) and the concentrate obtained in the step (3) into stirring equipment according to the proportion, and stirring for 20 minutes to obtain the meat feed.
The active probiotics comprise 1.5 x 10 effective viable bacteria7-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107The cfu/mg yeast is obtained by mixing yeast according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
Example 2
A beef cattle feed is prepared by uniformly mixing coarse materials and fine materials according to the proportion of 8: 2; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of fresh feed and 60% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bagasse, 80 parts of cassava, 250 parts of corn, 75 parts of puffed soybean meal, 120 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix.
The fresh feed comprises more than one of sugarcane tail tips, banana stems and leaves, straws, pasture and mulberry branches and leaves.
The silage comprises more than one of silage corn, silage grass, silage peanut seedlings and silage sweet potato vines.
The straw is more than one of corn straw, peanut straw, cassava straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, cotton straw and rice straw.
The forage grass is more than one of stylosanthes guianensis, dancing grass, wild green beans, lolium multiflorum, cassia winged Cassia, white hyacinth beans, elephant grass and alfalfa.
The compound premix is 5 percent beef cattle compound premix which is purchased from Shanghai Shenya animal health products Co.
The processing method of the beef cattle feed comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and smashing raw materials of silage by using hay cutting equipment, then putting the cut and smashed raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank, spraying activated probiotics, compacting, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5 d.
(2) And cutting and smashing the fresh feed by using a hay cutting device for later use.
(3) The bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal are ground and sieved by a 150-mesh sieve, and then the bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal powder are mixed with puffed soybean meal, stone powder, feed additive sodium chloride and compound premix according to parts by weight.
(4) And (3) putting the silage obtained in the step (1), the fresh feed obtained in the step (2) and the concentrate obtained in the step (3) into stirring equipment according to the proportion, and stirring for 40 minutes to obtain the meat feed.
The active probiotics comprise 1.5 x 10 effective viable bacteria7-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107The cfu/mg yeast is obtained by mixing the yeasts according to the mass ratio of 2: 3.
Example 3
A beef cattle feed is prepared by uniformly mixing coarse materials and fine materials according to the proportion of 5: 5; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of fresh feed and 50% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 110 parts of bagasse, 100 parts of cassava, 280 parts of corn, 38 parts of puffed soybean meal, 130 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of tea meal, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix.
The fresh feed comprises more than one of sugarcane tail tips, banana stems and leaves, straws, pasture and mulberry branches and leaves.
The silage comprises more than one of silage corn, silage grass, silage peanut seedlings and silage sweet potato vines.
The straw is more than one of corn straw, peanut straw, cassava straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, cotton straw and rice straw.
The forage grass is more than one of stylosanthes guianensis, dancing grass, wild green beans, lolium multiflorum, cassia winged Cassia, white hyacinth beans, elephant grass and alfalfa.
The compound premix is 5 percent beef cattle compound premix which is purchased from Shanghai Shenya animal health products Co.
The processing method of the beef cattle feed comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and smashing raw materials of silage by using hay cutting equipment, then putting the cut and smashed raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank, spraying activated probiotics, compacting, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 36 ℃, and the fermentation time is 4 d.
(2) And cutting and smashing the fresh feed by using a hay cutting device for later use.
(3) The bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal are ground and sieved by a 150-mesh sieve, and then the bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal powder are mixed with puffed soybean meal, stone powder, feed additive sodium chloride and compound premix according to parts by weight.
(4) And (3) putting the silage obtained in the step (1), the fresh feed obtained in the step (2) and the concentrate obtained in the step (3) into a stirring device according to the proportion, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the meat feed.
The active probiotics comprise 1.5 x 10 effective viable bacteria7-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107The cfu/mg yeast is obtained by mixing the yeasts according to the mass ratio of 2: 4.
The hay cutter apparatus of the above embodiments 1-3 comprising: running gear 1, casing 2, reducing gear box 3, motor 4, drive mechanism 5, spiral blade disc 6, rotation main shaft 7, throwing material mechanism 8 and feeding mechanism 9, 2 bottom welding running gear 1 of casing, reducing gear box 3 and motor 4 are located casing 2 both sides respectively, and motor 4 passes through drive mechanism 5 and is connected with rotation main shaft 7, rotates main shaft 7 and passes spiral blade disc 6 and rather than fixed connection, and throwing material mechanism 8 is located casing 2 top one side and communicates with casing 2, and feeding mechanism 9 is located casing 2 side and communicates with casing 2.
The spiral cutter head 6 is in a spiral shape, and each rotary vane 10 is provided with a hand hay cutter 11.
The housing 2 is divided into an upper housing 12 and a lower housing 13, and the upper housing 12 is openable for replacement maintenance and interior cleaning.
The feeding mechanism 9 comprises a conveying belt 14, press rollers 15, a feeding hole 16, a horizontal fixed knife 17 and a vertical fixed knife 18, the feeding hole 16 is located at the joint of the conveying belt 14 and the machine shell 2, a pair of press rollers 15 are installed in the feeding hole 16, the upper side and the lower side of the tail end of the feeding hole 16 are respectively provided with the vertical fixed knife 18, and the horizontal fixed knife 17 is installed in the middle of the tail end of the feeding hole 16.
The front view and the back view of the hay cutter are respectively shown in figure 1 and figure 2, the internal structure of the machine shell is schematically shown in figure 3, the structure of the spiral cutter head is schematically shown in figure 4, and the structure of the feed inlet is schematically shown in figure 5.
The above examples 1-3 stirring apparatus comprising: a charging basket 1, a conical auger 2, a driving motor 3, a universal transmission shaft 4, a transmission shaft 5, an umbrella tooth transmission box 6, a weighing device 7, a discharge door 8 and a hydraulic device 9, the utility model discloses a storage bucket, it includes storage bucket 1, storage bucket 1 is the container that does not seal up, respectively there are 1 triangle-shaped structure 10 in storage bucket 1's middle part both sides, divide into two work areas of 2 left and right sides in the storage bucket 1, be equipped with 1 circular cone auger 2 in every work area, 2 bevel gear transmission case 6 are installed to 1 bottom of storage bucket corresponding circular cone auger 2 position, bevel gear transmission case 6 and circular cone auger 2 fixed connection, driving motor 3 is located the 1 bottom outside of storage bucket, driving motor 3 is connected with adjacent bevel gear transmission case 6 through universal drive shaft 4, connect through transmission shaft 5 between 2 bevel gear transmission case 6, weighing device 7 is installed to the bottom of storage bucket 1, the side of storage bucket 1 is equipped with discharge door 8, discharge door 8 is connected with the hydraulic means 9 of fixing at 1 side of storage bucket.
The blade of conical auger 2 is annular dentate blade 11 for the material of lifting storage bucket 1 bottom and can cut up the large granule material.
The hydraulic device 9 comprises a hydraulic rod 12, a hydraulic pipe 13 and a hydraulic machine 14, the hydraulic machine 14 is installed on the outer side of the charging basket 1, the top of the hydraulic rod 12 is fixed to the top end of the outer side of the charging basket 1, the bottom of the hydraulic rod 12 is connected with the discharging door 8, and the hydraulic rod 12 is connected with the hydraulic machine 14 through the hydraulic pipe 13. The structure of the stirring device is schematically shown in figure 6, and the structure is shown in figure 7 in a top view.
To verify the growth-promoting effect of the beef cattle feed of the present invention on beef cattle, the applicant fed angus hybrid cattle (obtained by crossing black angus cattle and \28064;. yellow african cattle) with the feed produced in example 1, example 2 and example 3, respectively, in the following cases:
1. selecting 20 Angus hybrid calf of 3 months old and male calf and female calf of each half of the Angus hybrid calf, feeding the Angus hybrid calf and female calf of each half of the Angus hybrid calf in the embodiment 2, feeding the Angus hybrid calf and female calf of each half of the Angus hybrid calf for 3 times every day, feeding the Angus hybrid calf and female calf for 6:00-7:00 in the morning, 12:00-13:00 in the noon and 18:00:19:00 in the afternoon, ensuring that a water tank has water, feeding the Angus hybrid calf and female calf for 9 months, and weighing the Angus hybrid calf and:
2. selecting 20 Angus hybrid cattle of 12 months old, namely shelf cattle obtained after feeding 9 months with the calf of 3 months old, feeding with the feed produced in example 3, wherein the feeding period is free to feed, enough feed is always kept in a trough, and a water tank is ensured to contain water; feeding for 8 months, weighing the feed before and after feeding, and obtaining the following specific data:
3. selecting 20 Angus hybrid cattle of 20 months old, namely 20 months old cattle obtained after the feeder cattle is fed for 8 months, fattening with the feed produced in the embodiment 1, feeding freely in the fattening period, keeping enough feed in a trough frequently, ensuring that the trough has water, and feeding the fattening cattle for 24 hours; fatten for 4 months, weigh it before fatten, specific data are as follows:
Claims (8)
1. the beef cattle feed is characterized in that the feed is obtained by uniformly mixing coarse feed and concentrated feed according to the proportion of 3-8: 2-7; the coarse material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-60% of fresh feed and 40-60% of silage; the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of bagasse, 80-120 parts of cassava, 300 parts of corn, 0-75 parts of expanded soybean meal, 140 parts of wheat bran, 0-10 parts of tea meal, 5 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of feed additive sodium chloride and 16 parts of compound premix;
the fresh feed comprises more than one of sugarcane tail tips, banana stems and leaves, straws, pasture and mulberry branches and leaves;
the silage comprises more than one of silage corn, silage grass, silage peanut seedlings and silage sweet potato vines.
2. The beef cattle feed of claim 1, wherein the stalks are one or more of corn stalks, peanut stalks, cassava stalks, wheat stalks, soybean stalks, cotton stalks, and rice straw stalks.
3. The beef cattle feed of claim 1, wherein the forage grass is one or more of stylosanthes guianensis, dancing grass, young soyabean, lolium multiflorum, cassia winged Cassia, white hyacinth bean, elephant grass, and alfalfa.
4. The beef cattle feed of claim 1, wherein the premix compound is a 5% premix compound for beef cattle available from Shanghai Shenya animal health products, Inc.
5. A beef cattle feed processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cutting and smashing raw materials of silage by using hay cutting equipment, then putting the cut and smashed raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank, spraying activated probiotics, compacting, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35-38 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 d;
(2) cutting and smashing the fresh feed by using a hay cutting device for later use;
(3) crushing bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal, sieving the crushed bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal through a 150-mesh sieve, and mixing the bagasse, cassava, corn, wheat bran and tea meal with puffed soybean meal, stone powder, feed additive sodium chloride and compound premix according to parts by weight;
(4) and (3) putting the silage obtained in the step (1), the fresh feed obtained in the step (2) and the concentrate obtained in the step (3) into stirring equipment according to the proportion, and stirring for 20-40 minutes to obtain the meat feed.
6. The beef cattle feed processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that the grass cutting equipment comprises a traveling mechanism, a casing, a reduction gearbox, a motor, a transmission mechanism, a spiral cutter head, a rotating main shaft, a material throwing mechanism and a feeding mechanism, wherein the traveling mechanism is welded at the bottom of the casing, the reduction gearbox and the motor are respectively positioned at two sides of the casing, the motor is connected with the rotating main shaft through the transmission mechanism, the rotating main shaft penetrates through the spiral cutter head and is fixedly connected with the spiral cutter head, the material throwing mechanism is positioned at one side of the top of the casing and is communicated with the casing, and the feeding mechanism is positioned at one side of the side; the spiral cutter head is in a spiral shape, and each rotary blade is provided with a chopper; the shell is divided into an upper shell and a lower shell, and the upper shell can be opened to facilitate replacement and maintenance and internal cleaning; the feeding mechanism comprises a conveying belt, compression rollers, a feeding port, a horizontal fixed cutter and a vertical fixed cutter, the feeding port is located at the joint of the conveying belt and the casing, a pair of compression rollers is installed in the feeding port, the vertical fixed cutters are respectively installed on the upper side and the lower side of the tail end of the feeding port, and the horizontal fixed cutter is installed in the middle of the tail end of the feeding port.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the activated probiotic bacteria have an effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107cfu/mg lactic acid bacteria and effective viable count of 1.5 x 107-6.5*107The yeast is obtained by mixing cfu/mg yeast according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 3-6.
8. The beef cattle feed processing method of claim 5, wherein the stirring device comprises: the charging basket is a container without being capped, two sides of the middle of the charging basket are respectively provided with 1 triangular structure, the charging basket is divided into two left and right working areas, 1 conical auger is arranged in each working area, 2 bevel gear transmission boxes are arranged at the bottom of the charging basket corresponding to the positions of the conical augers, the bevel gear transmission boxes are fixedly connected with the conical augers, the driving motor is positioned on the outer side of the bottom of the charging basket and connected with the adjacent bevel gear transmission boxes through the universal transmission shafts, the 2 bevel gear transmission boxes are connected through the transmission shafts, the weighing device is arranged at the bottom of the charging basket, the side face of the charging basket is provided with a discharge door, and the discharge door is connected with the hydraulic device fixed on the side edge of the charging basket; the blades of the conical auger are annular toothed blades and are used for lifting materials at the bottom of the charging basket and cutting large-particle materials; the hydraulic device comprises a hydraulic rod, a hydraulic pipe and a hydraulic machine, the hydraulic machine is installed on the outer side of the charging bucket, the top of the hydraulic rod is fixed to the top end of the outer side of the charging bucket, the bottom of the hydraulic rod is connected with the discharging door, and the hydraulic rod is connected with the hydraulic machine through the hydraulic pipe.
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| CN111642638A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-09-11 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Feed for improving quality of beef, preparation method and feeding method |
| CN112841430A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-28 | 辽宁傲农饲料有限公司 | Antibiotic-free grass silage containing stylosanthes guianensis and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114886021A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-08-12 | 贵州大学 | Angus beef cattle feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN115176899A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-14 | 施甸云茂农业科技有限责任公司 | Beef cattle fattening and green storage material and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN114886021A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-08-12 | 贵州大学 | Angus beef cattle feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN115176899A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-14 | 施甸云茂农业科技有限责任公司 | Beef cattle fattening and green storage material and manufacturing method thereof |
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