CN111372445A - 用于多工序机器的砍伐头 - Google Patents

用于多工序机器的砍伐头 Download PDF

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CN111372445A
CN111372445A CN201880071437.0A CN201880071437A CN111372445A CN 111372445 A CN111372445 A CN 111372445A CN 201880071437 A CN201880071437 A CN 201880071437A CN 111372445 A CN111372445 A CN 111372445A
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L·凯托宁
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L Kaituoning
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • A01G23/02Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/08Felling trees
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/12Arrangements of means for transmitting pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric power to movable parts of devices
    • B66C13/14Arrangements of means for transmitting pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric power to movable parts of devices to load-engaging elements or motors associated therewith
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/30Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/02Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/02Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member
    • F15B15/06Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non- rectilinear movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H21/00Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/44Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/02Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member
    • F15B15/06Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non- rectilinear movement
    • F15B15/061Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non- rectilinear movement by unidirectional means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种多工序机器并特别地涉及其悬置装置(20),所述悬置装置配备有两个液压缸(25、27),用于相对于支撑机器的臂(21)使该机器旋转。一个缸(2.5)被枢接到臂(6),并且另一个缸(27)被枢接到机器框架(1)。两个缸(25、27)通过一端部被枢接到自由旋转的中间臂(26),该中间臂被枢接到与所述臂(21)相同的框架接头(22)。

Description

用于多工序机器的砍伐头
技术领域
本发明涉及权利要求1前序部分中所述类型的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,并特别涉及其悬置装置。
背景技术
传统的多工序机器包括基底机器、包含至少一个悬臂的悬臂组件和用于砍伐并进一步加工树木的砍伐头。砍伐头被设置成通过接头悬置在所述悬臂上。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种砍伐头并特别涉及其悬置装置。悬置装置被放置在砍伐头和基底机器之间。基底机器可以是特定的收割机基底或传统的旋转式挖掘机。
挖掘机是用于砍伐头的合适基底,所述砍伐头在路边平台处执行原木的除枝和切割以及它们的拣选。更一般地说,也可以使用术语“多工序机器”,在这种情况下涉及多工序机器或砍伐头。
特别地,由于传统挖掘机的悬臂组件是为挖掘工作而设计的,因此该机器在原木采伐方面的应用需要大量的调适。工作期间悬臂的移动范围是不利的。这是因为悬臂头不能升起得足够高。砍伐头倾向于接触堆积部、机器自身的轨道甚至地面。
一种解决方案是使得悬置装置较低。这也减少了砍伐头的摆动。较低(即,较短)悬置装置的操作不会直接提高性能,因为自由悬置的砍伐头中的悬置装置的操作是基于砍伐头的重心与悬臂头处的销的关系。换句话说,对于较长的悬置装置来说,较小的摆角就足够了。当已知在使用一个缸时摆角保持在大约120°时,在较短悬置装置中需要大约150°。此外,由一个缸提供的旋转扭矩在极限位置中迅速减小。
本发明的目的是消除前述现有技术的缺点,并提供一种改进的悬置装置。本发明的特征在所附权利要求1中阐述。
当悬置装置配备有枢接至所述框架接头的自由旋转的、相对短的中间臂和第二液压缸,以使得(多个)液压缸通过中间臂一个接一个地枢接在框架与横梁之间时,提供了一种令人惊讶的机构,该机构通常是宽旋转范围内的自稳定且有效的旋转器。
附图说明
下面通过示例并参考附图描述本发明,附图图示了多工序机器中的根据本发明的悬置装置。
图1示出了处于原木加工位置中的多工序机器。
图2示出了处于树木砍伐位置中的多工序机器。
图3示出了悬置装置的自由枢转的臂与其他部件的连接。
图4是图2情况的剖视图,用于示出中间臂。
图5是处于图1情况的直线横向投影中的剖视图。
图6示出了用于操作所述系统的液压图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了根据本发明的悬置装置。砍伐头包括框架10、除枝刀片12、原木进给装置11和横切锯13。进给装置11可以是辊驱动或轨道驱动的或脉冲操作的,用于拉动原木穿过刀片12。
图1也是进给装置11的示意图,其中,进给装置由两条轨道驱动。横切锯13是链锯,但它也可以是铡刀类型的。砍伐头也可以没有进给装置,用作所谓的切割头,即,仅用于砍伐树木。
旋转装置30通过销31被悬置在基底机器的悬臂40上。此外,在旋转装置30和悬臂40之间设有所谓的连杆32。旋转装置30也可以设有单独的转动马达,两者之间补充有嵌齿轮或链传动。悬置装置20的框架有利地包括两个横梁或臂21。这些横梁2.1在底端部处通过套筒28(图3、图4和图5)连接且在顶端部处通过凸缘23连接。凸缘23又被连接到旋转装置30。在底端部处,这些横梁21之间的套筒28(图1中未示出)围绕销22,使得这些横梁21和套筒28能够围绕销22转动。套筒28连接在这些横梁21之间;也就是说,套筒在底端部处将这些横梁结合在一起。在该套筒28上且在这些横梁21之间设有另一套筒29。套筒29将中间臂26的板以及所述板中的缸25和27的臂的连接杆261、262结合在一起。此外,缸25的一端部通过销24连接到横梁21。缸27的另一端部通过销210连接到框架10。
中间臂的有效长度,即接头间距r(22-261/262)为底部接头24和转动它的接头24之间距离的长度L的大约24%(通常为15%-35%、更优选为20%-28%),如图6所示。然而,中间臂的接头间距r是从接头22与旋转器30的支撑接头之间距离的长度中计算出的整个横梁长度的一小部分(6%–15%)。替代地,中间臂的所述接头间距r落在与液压缸25和27的行程长度s相同的数量级内(图6);更准确地说,接头间距r是液压缸25、27的行程长度s的70%-110%、更优选80%-100%。
在图2、图3、图4和图5中描述操作。在图2中,砍伐头自由悬垂,然后悬置装置2在竖直方向上与旋转装置30结合。由于中间臂2.6的销261和262被连接到自由旋转的套筒29(图3),因此缸25和27相对于销24、262以及对应地相对于销261、210的长度自由地设定(settle,调整)。该套筒29因此围绕使那些横梁21连接的套筒28(图3、图4和图5中)。套筒28可以围绕销22旋转。与中间臂连接的止动件263在框架(未示出)中具有配对件,以阻止中间臂滑出正常旋转范围。通常,这种配对件不是必要的,因为这种结构使中间臂26大致稳定在中心位置上。在图5中示出了待加工的原木50,图5还描绘了悬置装置20的底部部件的剖视图。图4是砍伐头的局部剖视图。
在图1-图6中,缸25和27一个接一个地放置,即,放置在相同平面内。因此,由套筒29承载的中间臂26具有两个销261、262。
除了取代一个液压缸的情况,该系统在缸侧和活塞杆侧两者上具有并排的两个液压缸(如图6所示)以外,液压缸25和27的液压控制完全是传统的。不排除其中液压缸将设有不同供应的更复杂的连接部。
根据图6,阀266控制旋转方向或使其浮动;也就是说,连接部A和B最优选地被连接成使得收割机能够自由浮动。替换地,在执行旋转之后,连接部A和B被关闭。缸侧被连接到管路265(B),活塞侧被连接到管路264(A)。
在一实施例中,缸25和27并排放置,使得它们可以通过公共销(未示出)与中间臂结合。
在图1-图6的实施例中,缸25和27一个接一个地放置;这样,在横向方向(lateraldirection,侧向方向)上节省了空间。同时,作用在套筒28和29上的载荷在横向方向上是对称的。中间臂26具有共享的凸耳,凸耳中具有两个销261和262,使得液压缸25和27的臂的端部可以配合成彼此抵靠操作。液压缸25、27同样长,并且具有相同的行程长度。
在图2中,悬置装置处于所谓的砍伐位置中,其中,砍伐头1处于竖直方向。缸25和27延伸(图4)。当销261、262通过中间臂26转动套筒29(未示出)时,两个缸具有大约相等的扭矩角。由于这两个缸25和27的作用,自由旋转的套筒29转动。缸的尺寸被设定为使得这两个缸的扭矩在该位置中大约相等。此外,要注意到该结构不需要来自一个缸的长行程;然而,特别是在砍伐位置中由悬置装置2获得的扭矩大约是由缸提供的最大扭矩的80%±10%。在单缸系统中,获得的扭矩仅为大约30%±20%。悬置装置必须总是转动得稍微超过竖直方向;在该图中5°+5°。当砍伐头处于所谓的后部位置中时,缺口(gap,间隙)中的原木将倾斜大约50°。在斜坡上工作时,尤其需要该位置。然后,缸25和27缩回。由于与砍伐位置相比,在该位置中扭矩需求更小,因此可以允许更低的扭矩。可以看出,扭矩值仍为最大扭矩的大约60%±20%。现在,可以实现50°±10%的后部位置,这很好地满足了应用需求。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于多工序机器的砍伐头,所述多工序机器用于砍伐和进一步加工树木,所述砍伐头被布置成通过接头(31、32、33)悬置在装载机的悬臂(40)上,所述多工序机器包括:旋转器(30),用于使其旋转;悬置装置(20);致动器单元及其框架(10),连接到所述悬置装置(20),用于砍伐和进一步加工树木,所述悬置装置包括:用于所述悬置装置的臂(21),连接到所述旋转器(30);以及横向框架接头(22),在所述悬置装置的底部部分中用于支撑所述致动器单元的框架(10),并且一个致动器(25)的一端部枢接到用于所述悬置装置的臂(21),以使其相对于所述框架(10)旋转,用于将所述致动器单元转动到砍伐和加工位置,其特征在于,所述悬置装置还包括:自由旋转的中间臂(26),其被枢接到所述框架接头(22)上并且相对于所述悬置装置的臂(21)较短;以及
另一液压缸(27),其一端部枢接到所述致动器单元的所述框架(10),并且
两个液压缸(25、27)的另外的端部都被枢接到所述中间臂(26)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述液压缸(25、27)在操作它们的液压系统中的活塞杆侧和缸侧并排连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述砍伐头包括用于操作所述液压缸(25、27)的三位置控制开关(266),其中,并联连接的连接部(A/B)的一可选侧被引导至压力管路(P),并且所述侧(A和B)被连接在允许砍伐头自由浮动的中心位置中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述中间臂(26)的接头间距r是所述液压缸(25、27)的行程长度s的70%-110%,更优选80%-100%。
5.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述中间臂(26)的接头间距r是使横梁转动的接头(24)和中心接头(22)之间的距离的长度L的15%-35%,更优选18%-26%。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述液压缸(25、27)并排侧部枢接到所述中间臂(26)以及枢接到公共枢轴。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述液压缸(25、27)都通过其自己的枢轴(261、262)枢转到所述中间臂(26),从而放置在同一管路上。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用于多工序机器的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述液压缸(25、27)的冲程长度基本相等。
9.一种多工序机器,包括基底机器、悬臂组件和悬置在所述悬臂组件的端部处的砍伐头,其特征在于,所述砍伐头是根据权利要求1至8中任一项的类型。
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US20200260662A1 (en) 2020-08-20
CN111372445B (zh) 2022-06-14
WO2019086768A1 (en) 2019-05-09
EP3706551B1 (en) 2021-12-22
EP3706551A1 (en) 2020-09-16
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JP7244111B2 (ja) 2023-03-22

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