CN111370301A - 超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺 - Google Patents
超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,包括匀胶、一次光刻、沟槽腐蚀、HCl清洁、SIPOS、二次匀胶、二次光刻、玻璃钝化、LTO、三次匀胶、三次光刻、去氧化层和金属化、锯片裂片制得。采用该方法生产的尺寸为100—135mil的玻璃芯片工作功率大,工作稳定性好,反向漏电小,使用寿命长;采用HCl清洁,酸性气体可以有效去除沟槽腐蚀残留的金属离子,且避免后续SIPOS操作时需要升温,节能降耗,有利于环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于芯片加工技术领域,具体涉及一种超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺。
背景技术
GPP(玻璃钝化)芯片作为电力电子设备中必不可少的器件,随着现代设备设计性能的提升,对大功率的GPP芯片性能要求也越来越高。芯片的功率越大,反向电流越大,且发热越大,对其高温工作的稳定性越高。
而现有技术中的发功率芯片对应的芯粒尺寸大,传统刀刮工艺GPP芯片在封装过程中玻璃钝化层容易受损,工作在大电流条件时,受损的区域容易击穿导致二极管失效,因此一般尺寸不超过84mil,正向电流不超过3A;且刀刮工艺芯片只能稳定工作在125℃环境,随着工作时间的加长,高温漏电会逐步增大,存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:针对上述缺陷,本发明提供一种超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,生产出的光阻玻璃芯片工作功率大,大功率工作条件下,工作稳定性好;增加掺氧多晶硅膜的保护,提高高温性能和可靠性;多层保护,可以对凹槽上边沿形成的鸟嘴及P-N结保护更加充分,沟槽中不存在玻璃,有利于切割裂片;在焊接面以外沉积二氧化硅,焊接时焊锡不会进入玻璃缝隙中,提高产品的可靠性。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案如下:该超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺包括以下步骤:
S1,匀胶:采用光刻胶将硅片P、N面进行涂覆保护;
S2,一次光刻:通过对硅片P面表面设置尺寸为100—135mil的光刻板对光刻胶进行曝光显影,完成一次光刻,外表面形成光刻图形,硅片上形成无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区;
S3,沟槽腐蚀:将硅片在低温混合酸中进行腐蚀,在光刻胶的保护下,硅片的P面进行选择性化学腐蚀,无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区会将P-N结刻蚀穿,P-N结表面腐蚀成镜面;
S4,HCl清洁:对腐蚀后的硅片通入HCl气体清洁,HCl气体冲刷沟槽腐蚀时引入的杂质离子,反应时气体压强为150—500mtorr,温度为500—650℃,时间为30—60min;
S5,SIPOS:在500—800℃,气压为100—750mtorr条件下,先向体系中通入SiH4,通入1—5min后向体系中同时通入SiH4与N2O,通入时间为60min—120min,硅片P+面沉积生成氧化层;
S6,二次匀胶:将光刻胶和玻璃粉混合的光阻玻璃均匀覆盖在完成SIPOS沉积后的硅片P+面和沟槽中;
S7,二次光刻:通过高精密定位的自动曝光机和喷淋式显定影,清除芯粒表面窗口面与沟槽中央残留的光阻玻璃;
S8,玻璃钝化:在400—600℃时烧去光刻胶;在750—900℃时,玻璃粉烧成玻璃,形成二极管芯片P-N结与鸟嘴的钝化保护层;
S9,LTO:在气压为100—750mtorr条件下,向体系中通入SiH4与O2,两者在硅片表面生成SiO2保护膜,所述SiO2保护膜覆盖在硅片P面和沟槽中;
S10,三次匀胶、三次光刻:烧结后形成的玻璃层和沟槽再次用光刻胶涂覆,再通过曝光显影实现光刻胶保护;
S11,去氧化层和金属化:去除芯粒窗口表面氧化层,然后在其表面金属化,即在硅片P+面和N+面镀上镍层,然后经过合金手段,使镍与硅反应形成欧姆接触,形成P+面和N+面的欧姆接触电电极。
S12,锯片裂片:在沟槽的中心线进行切割,切割后分裂成单个的玻璃钝化芯片。
该超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产过程中,首次提出制备100—135mil的玻璃芯片,由于芯片尺寸越大,其高温性能越差,常规的光阻工艺稳定性能差,上述工艺采用HCl清洁,避免了采用水清洗后再用氮气烘干、排片造成的在常温水洗后续持续升温烘干造成的能源浪费,而且排片增加了人工成本,又不能洗去金属杂质;采用HCl清洁,酸性气体可以有效去除沟槽腐蚀残留的金属离子,且避免后续SIPOS操作时需要升温,节能降耗,有利于环保;增加掺氧多晶硅膜的保护,提高高温性能和可靠性;多层保护,可以对凹槽上边沿形成的鸟嘴及P-N结保护更加充分,沟槽中不存在玻璃,有利于切割裂片;采用连续通气的方式控制保护膜的成分和厚度,调整灵活,可以实现连续化生产;在焊接面以外沉积二氧化硅,焊接时焊锡不会进入玻璃缝隙中,提高产品的可靠性。
进一步的,所述S7二次光刻时喷淋式显定影所用的喷淋头与基片垂直,喷淋时的压强为15~20psi;流量为30~40mL/min,控制喷淋头喷淋角度、压强和流量,可以保证显定影时角度,提高产品的质量,保证在大功率工作条件下的高稳定性和可靠性。
进一步的,所述S11去氧化层和金属化中合金手段为在氮气保护下,反应温度为550—750℃,镀在硅上的镍层与硅反应生成镍硅合金。采用该条件的合金手段形成的镍硅合金,焊接结合紧密,欧姆接触电极的稳定性好,生产的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片可靠性好。
进一步的,所述S11去氧化层和金属化后,还包括S10-1,芯片测试,对金属化的硅片进行电性能测试,不合格的硅片打上墨点标记。
进一步的,所述S1匀胶、S6二次匀胶及S10三次匀胶采用的光刻胶颗粒为0.5μm—200μm。采用该目数的光刻胶,颗粒小,流动性能好,混合后的光阻玻璃能够均匀覆盖在整个硅片上,并将沟槽全部填充,同时曝光清晰度好
进一步的,所述S3沟槽腐蚀中的混合酸为氢氟酸和硝酸与冰乙酸、硫酸中的一种或两种混合。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)增加芯片工作功率,增加芯片尺寸增大,正向工作电流达15A,可以保证大功率工作条件下的稳定性,采用的新型光阻工艺生产出的产品稳定性好;采用HCl清洁,避免了采用水清洗后再用氮气烘干、排片造成的在常温水洗后续持续升温烘干造成的能源浪费,而且排片增加了人工成本,又不能洗去金属杂质;采用HCl清洁,酸性气体可以有效去除沟槽腐蚀残留的金属离子,且避免后续SIPOS操作时需要升温,节能降耗,有利于环保;增加掺氧多晶硅膜的保护,使其常规电性良好的情况下,提高高温性能与其他可靠性,并采用光阻玻璃进行保护,可以对凹槽上边沿形成的鸟嘴及P-N结保护更加充分,沟槽中不存在玻璃,有利于切割裂片;在焊接面以外沉积二氧化硅层,使得其在焊接时焊锡不会流进玻璃缝隙中,具有更高的可靠性。
2、控制喷淋头喷淋角度、压强和流量,可以保证显定影时角度,提高产品的质量,保证在大功率工作条件下的高稳定性和可靠性;采用该条件的合金手段形成的镍硅合金,焊接结合紧密,欧姆接触电极的稳定性好,生产的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片可靠性好。
3、采用该目数的光刻胶,颗粒小,流动性能好,混合后的光阻玻璃能够均匀覆盖在整个硅片上,并将沟槽全部填充,同时曝光清晰度好,便于生产,操作简便。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺包括以下步骤:
S1,匀胶:采用光刻胶将硅片P、N面进行涂覆保护;
S2,一次光刻:通过对硅片P面表面设置尺寸为100mil的光刻板对光刻胶进行曝光显影,完成一次光刻,外表面形成光刻图形,硅片上形成无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区;
S3,沟槽腐蚀:将硅片在低温条件下,氢氟酸、硝酸、冰乙酸与硫酸制成的混合酸中进行腐蚀,在光刻胶的保护下,硅片的P面进行选择性化学腐蚀,无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区会将P-N结刻蚀穿,P-N结表面腐蚀成镜面;
S4,HCl清洁:对腐蚀后的硅片通入HCl气体清洁,HCl气体冲刷沟槽腐蚀时引入的杂质离子,反应时气体压强为200mtorr,温度为550℃,时间为30min;
S5,SIPOS:在550℃,气压为200mtorr条件下,先向体系中通入SiH4,通入2min后向体系中同时通入SiH4与N2O,通入时间为60min,硅片P+面沉积生成氧化层;
S6,二次匀胶:将光刻胶和玻璃粉混合的光阻玻璃均匀覆盖在完成SIPOS沉积后的硅片P+面和沟槽中;
S7,二次光刻:通过高精密定位的自动曝光机和喷淋式显定影,清除芯粒表面窗口面与沟槽中央残留的光阻玻璃;喷淋式显定影所用的喷淋头与基片垂直,喷淋时的压强为15psi;流量为30mL/min;
S8,玻璃钝化:在500℃时烧去光刻胶;在750℃时,玻璃粉烧成玻璃,形成二极管芯片P-N结与鸟嘴的钝化保护层;
S9,LTO:在气压为200mtorr条件下,向体系中通入SiH4与O2,两者在硅片表面生成SiO2保护膜,所述SiO2保护膜覆盖在硅片P面和沟槽中;
S10,三次匀胶、三次光刻:烧结后形成的玻璃层和沟槽再次用光刻胶涂覆,再通过曝光显影实现光刻胶保护;
S11,去氧化层和金属化:去除芯粒窗口表面氧化层,然后在其表面金属化,即在硅片P+面和N+面镀上镍层,然后经过合金手段,具体反应条件为,氮气氛围下,反应温度550℃,镀在硅上的镍层与硅反应生成镍硅合金使镍与硅反应形成欧姆接触,形成P+面和N+面的欧姆接触电电极;
S11-1,芯片测试,对金属化的硅片进行电性能测试,不合格的硅片打上墨点标记;
S12,锯片裂片:在沟槽的中心线进行切割,切割后分裂成单个的玻璃钝化芯片。
其中,所述S1匀胶、S5二次匀胶及S9三次匀胶采用的光刻胶颗粒为10μm。
实施例2
超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺包括以下步骤:
S1,匀胶:采用光刻胶将硅片P、N面进行涂覆保护;
S2,一次光刻:通过对硅片P面表面设置尺寸为120mil的光刻板对光刻胶进行曝光显影,完成一次光刻,外表面形成光刻图形,硅片上形成无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区;
S3,沟槽腐蚀:将硅片在低温条件下,氢氟酸、硝酸、冰乙酸与硫酸制成的混合酸中进行腐蚀,在光刻胶的保护下,硅片的P面进行选择性化学腐蚀,无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区会将P-N结刻蚀穿,P-N结表面腐蚀成镜面;
S4,HCl清洁:对腐蚀后的硅片通入HCl气体清洁,HCl气体冲刷沟槽腐蚀时引入的杂质离子,反应时气体压强为300mtorr,温度为600℃,时间为45min;
S5,SIPOS:在550℃,气压为300mtorr条件下,先向体系中通入SiH4,通入3min后向体系中同时通入SiH4与N2O,通入时间为80min,硅片P+面沉积生成氧化层;
S6,二次匀胶:将光刻胶和玻璃粉混合的光阻玻璃均匀覆盖在完成SIPOS沉积后的硅片P+面和沟槽中;
S7,二次光刻:通过高精密定位的自动曝光机和喷淋式显定影,清除芯粒表面窗口面与沟槽中央残留的光阻玻璃;喷淋式显定影所用的喷淋头与基片垂直,喷淋时的压强为18psi;流量为35mL/min;
S8,玻璃钝化:在500℃时烧去光刻胶;在800℃时,玻璃粉烧成玻璃,形成二极管芯片P-N结与鸟嘴的钝化保护层;
S9,LTO:在气压为300mtorr条件下,向体系中通入SiH4与O2,两者在硅片表面生成SiO2保护膜,所述SiO2保护膜覆盖在硅片P面和沟槽中;
S10,三次匀胶、三次光刻:烧结后形成的玻璃层和沟槽再次用光刻胶涂覆,再通过曝光显影实现光刻胶保护;
S11,去氧化层和金属化:去除芯粒窗口表面氧化层,然后在其表面金属化,即在硅片P+面和N+面镀上镍层,然后经过合金手段,具体反应条件为,氮气氛围下,反应温度600℃,镀在硅上的镍层与硅反应生成镍硅合金使镍与硅反应形成欧姆接触,形成P+面和N+面的欧姆接触电电极;
S11-1,芯片测试,对金属化的硅片进行电性能测试,不合格的硅片打上墨点标记;
S12,锯片裂片:在沟槽的中心线进行切割,切割后分裂成单个的玻璃钝化芯片。
其中,所述S1匀胶、S6二次匀胶及S10三次匀胶采用的光刻胶颗粒为100μm。
实施例3
超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1,匀胶:采用光刻胶将硅片P、N面进行涂覆保护;
S2,一次光刻:通过对硅片P面表面设置尺寸为135mil的光刻板对光刻胶进行曝光显影,完成一次光刻,外表面形成光刻图形,硅片上形成无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区;
S3,沟槽腐蚀:将硅片在低温条件下,氢氟酸、硝酸、冰乙酸与硫酸制成的混合酸中进行腐蚀,在光刻胶的保护下,硅片的P面进行选择性化学腐蚀,无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区会将P-N结刻蚀穿,P-N结表面腐蚀成镜面;
S4,HCl清洁:对腐蚀后的硅片通入HCl气体清洁,HCl气体冲刷沟槽腐蚀时引入的杂质离子,反应时气体压强为400mtorr,温度为650℃,时间为60min;
S5,SIPOS:在600℃,气压为400mtorr条件下,先向体系中通入SiH4,通入3min后向体系中同时通入SiH4与N2O,通入时间为90min,硅片P+面沉积生成氧化层;
S6,二次匀胶:将光刻胶和玻璃粉混合的光阻玻璃均匀覆盖在完成SIPOS沉积后的硅片P+面和沟槽中;
S7,二次光刻:通过高精密定位的自动曝光机和喷淋式显定影,清除芯粒表面窗口面与沟槽中央残留的光阻玻璃;喷淋式显定影所用的喷淋头与基片垂直,喷淋时的压强为20psi;流量为40mL/min;
S8,玻璃钝化:在500℃时烧去光刻胶;在800℃时,玻璃粉烧成玻璃,形成二极管芯片P-N结与鸟嘴的钝化保护层;
S9,LTO:在气压为400mtorr条件下,向体系中通入SiH4与O2,两者在硅片表面生成SiO2保护膜,所述SiO2保护膜覆盖在硅片P面和沟槽中;
S10,三次匀胶、三次光刻:烧结后形成的玻璃层和沟槽再次用光刻胶涂覆,再通过曝光显影实现光刻胶保护;
S11,去氧化层和金属化:去除芯粒窗口表面氧化层,然后在其表面金属化,即在硅片P+面和N+面镀上镍层,然后经过合金手段,具体反应条件为,氮气氛围下,反应温度750℃,镀在硅上的镍层与硅反应生成镍硅合金使镍与硅反应形成欧姆接触,形成P+面和N+面的欧姆接触电电极;
S11-1,芯片测试,对金属化的硅片进行电性能测试,不合格的硅片打上墨点标记;
S12,锯片裂片:在沟槽的中心线进行切割,切割后分裂成单个的玻璃钝化芯片。
其中,所述S1匀胶、S6二次匀胶及S10三次匀胶采用的光刻胶颗粒为50μm。
上述实施例1—实施例3生产的玻璃芯片尺寸大,尺寸可以达到110mil—135mil,正向电流可达到10A—18A,工作功率大,同时具有良好的工作稳定性,反向漏电小,使用寿命长,产品合格率高。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (6)
1.超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1,匀胶:采用光刻胶将硅片P、N面进行涂覆保护;
S2,一次光刻:通过对硅片P面表面设置尺寸为100—135mil的光刻板对光刻胶进行曝光显影,完成一次光刻,外表面形成光刻图形,硅片上形成无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区;
S3,沟槽腐蚀:将硅片在低温混合酸中进行腐蚀,在光刻胶的保护下,硅片的P面进行选择性化学腐蚀,无光刻胶保护的沟槽腐蚀区会将P-N结刻蚀穿,P-N结表面腐蚀成镜面;
S4,HCl清洁:对腐蚀后的硅片通入HCl气体清洁,HCl气体冲刷沟槽腐蚀时引入的杂质离子,反应时气体压强为150—500mtorr,温度为500—650℃;时间为30—60min。
S5,SIPOS:在500—800℃,气压为100—750mtorr条件下,先向体系中通入SiH4,通入1—5min后向体系中同时通入SiH4与N2O,通入时间为60min—120min,硅片P+面沉积生成氧化层;
S6,二次匀胶:将光刻胶和玻璃粉混合的光阻玻璃均匀覆盖在完成SIPOS沉积后的硅片P+面和沟槽中;
S7,二次光刻:通过高精密定位的自动曝光机和喷淋式显定影,清除芯粒表面窗口面与沟槽中央残留的光阻玻璃;
S8,玻璃钝化:在400—600℃时烧去光刻胶;在750—900℃时,玻璃粉烧成玻璃,形成二极管芯片P-N结与鸟嘴的钝化保护层;
S9,LTO:在气压为100—750mtorr条件下,向体系中通入SiH4与O2,两者在硅片表面生成SiO2保护膜,所述SiO2保护膜覆盖在硅片P面和沟槽中;
S10,三次匀胶、三次光刻:烧结后形成的玻璃层和沟槽再次用光刻胶涂覆,再通过曝光显影实现光刻胶保护;
S11,去氧化层和金属化:去除芯粒窗口表面氧化层,然后在其表面金属化,即在硅片P+面和N+面镀上镍层,然后经过合金手段,使镍与硅反应形成欧姆接触,形成P+面和N+面的欧姆接触电电极;
S12,锯片裂片:在沟槽的中心线进行切割,切割后分裂成单个的玻璃钝化芯片。
2.如权利要求1所述的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于:所述S7二次光刻时喷淋式显定影所用的喷淋头与基片垂直,喷淋时的压强为15~20psi;流量为30~40mL/min。
3.如权利要求1所述的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于:所述S11去氧化层和金属化中合金手段为在氮气保护下,反应温度为550—750℃,镀在硅上的镍层与硅反应生成镍硅合金。
4.如权利要求1所述的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于:所述S11去氧化层和金属化后,还包括S11-1,芯片测试,对金属化的硅片进行电性能测试,不合格的硅片打上墨点标记。
5.如权利要求1所述的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于:所述S1匀胶、S6二次匀胶及S10三次匀胶采用的光刻胶颗粒为0.5μm—200μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的超大功率光阻玻璃芯片生产工艺,其特征在于:所述S3沟槽腐蚀中的混合酸为氢氟酸和硝酸与冰乙酸、硫酸中的一种或两种混合。
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CN109308997A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2019-02-05 | 天津环鑫科技发展有限公司 | 一种硅片沟槽开槽方法 |
CN108365015A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-03 | 济南兰星电子有限公司 | 半导体二极管芯片及其制作方法 |
CN109755209A (zh) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-05-14 | 常州星海电子股份有限公司 | 一种高可靠光阻玻璃钝化芯片及其加工方法 |
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CN116959979A (zh) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-10-27 | 常州银河电器有限公司 | 耐高温的gpp芯片的生产工艺 |
CN116959979B (zh) * | 2023-07-14 | 2024-02-23 | 常州银河电器有限公司 | 耐高温的gpp芯片的生产工艺 |
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