CN111367062A - Medium wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens and imaging device - Google Patents
Medium wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens and imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111367062A CN111367062A CN201811588719.6A CN201811588719A CN111367062A CN 111367062 A CN111367062 A CN 111367062A CN 201811588719 A CN201811588719 A CN 201811588719A CN 111367062 A CN111367062 A CN 111367062A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
Abstract
The invention discloses a medium wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens, which comprises an afocal optical component, a zooming lens group and an imaging lens group; the afocal optical assembly comprises a main reflector with a central hole, a secondary reflector and a collimating lens group, light is collected by the main reflector and then reflected to the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector reflects the light again, and the light irradiates the collimating lens group near the central hole to become convergent parallel light; the zoom lens group receives parallel light and comprises a first zoom lens, a second zoom lens and a third zoom lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein the second zoom lens can be positioned at a first position or a second position, and the focal length change is realized through the position change; the imaging lens group receives the light rays emitted by the zoom lens group and images on the infrared focal plane detector. The medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom optical lens can realize medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom imaging, large and small double fields of view and broaden the application range of a large-caliber long-focus optical system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to a medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens and an imaging device.
Background
The infrared optical system is widely applied to various fields such as military affairs, medical treatment, security protection, electric power, remote sensing and industry, and along with the increasing application of the infrared optical system, higher requirements are provided for the design of the infrared imaging system.
For high-resolution imaging of a long-distance target, an optical system is generally required to have both a large aperture and a long focal length, and meanwhile, a catadioptric optical system is generally selected for the structural form of the optical system so that the optical system is small in size and light in weight. In the catadioptric optical system, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror can share most of focal power, the focal length of the relay lens group is generally very small, the caliber of the relay lens group is not large, and chromatic aberration correction is relatively easy; meanwhile, the light path is folded by using the reflector, the volume and the mass of the lens are reduced, and the length can be generally less than 0.6 time of the focal length. In the occasion that the medium wave infrared optical system requires long focal length, large caliber, light weight and compactness, the design form of a catadioptric optical system can be adopted.
For a large-aperture long-focal-length catadioptric medium-wave infrared optical system, the focal length of the optical system is generally a fixed value, and the optical system is limited under a plurality of application conditions. In order to widen the application range of the large-aperture long-focus optical system, a coaxial catadioptric medium-wave infrared two-range zoom optical system is set.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the focal length of an optical system is a fixed value in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a medium-wave infrared two-gear variable focal length optical lens and an imaging device, and the application range of a large-aperture long-focal length optical system is widened.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens, including an afocal optical assembly, a zoom lens group, and an imaging lens group;
the afocal optical assembly comprises a main reflector with a central hole, a secondary reflector and a collimating lens group, light is collected by the main reflector and then reflected to the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector reflects the light again, a first image surface is formed between the main reflector and the secondary reflector, and the light irradiates the collimating lens group near the central hole and is changed into convergent parallel light;
the zoom lens group receives the light rays reflected by the secondary reflector, and comprises a first zoom lens, a second zoom lens and a third zoom lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein the second zoom lens can be positioned at a first position or a second position, and the focal length change is realized through the position change;
and the imaging lens group receives the light rays emitted by the zoom lens group and images on the infrared focal plane detector.
With reference to the implementation manner of the first aspect, the reflecting surface of the primary reflecting mirror is a paraboloid, a hyperboloid or a high-order aspheric surface, and the reflecting surface of the secondary reflecting mirror is a hyperboloid, an ellipsoid or a high-order aspheric surface.
With reference to the implementation manner of the first aspect, the material of the primary reflector or the secondary reflector is one of aluminum alloy, silicon carbide, beryllium aluminum, microcrystalline glass, and the like.
With reference to the implementation manner of the first aspect, the collimating lens group includes a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, a third collimating lens and a fourth collimating lens, which are sequentially disposed along the light propagation direction; the front surface of the first collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the second collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second collimating lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the third collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the fourth collimating lens is a convex spherical surface.
With reference to the implementation manner of the first aspect, the front surface of the first zoom lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first zoom lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second zoom lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second zoom lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the third zoom lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third zoom lens is a convex aspheric surface.
With reference to the implementation manner of the first aspect, the imaging lens group includes a first imaging lens, a second imaging lens, a third imaging lens and a fourth imaging lens, which are sequentially disposed along the light propagation direction; the front surface of the first imaging lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first imaging lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface and the rear surface of the second imaging lens are concave spherical surfaces; the front surface of the third imaging lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third imaging lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth imaging lens is a convex aspheric surface, and the rear surface of the fourth imaging lens is a convex spherical surface.
In combination with the implementation manner of the first aspect, the material of the lens is one or more of silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, barium fluoride, gallium arsenide, chalcogenide glass and the like.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an imaging apparatus, where the imaging apparatus includes the above-mentioned medium-wave infrared two-shift zoom optical lens and a detector for receiving an image formed by the medium-wave infrared two-shift zoom optical lens.
With reference to the implementation manner of the second aspect, the detector is a refrigeration-type detector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom optical lens can realize medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom imaging, large and small double fields of view and broaden the application range of a large-caliber long-focus optical system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a first schematic view of a light path of a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic view of a light path of a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of MTF of the medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens in short focus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of MTF of the medium-wave infrared two-step zoom optical lens in the embodiment of the present invention in the telephoto.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a first schematic view of a light path of a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a second schematic view of a light path of a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to the direction of an optical path, the front and back sequence of all lenses in a specified graph is determined by the smooth arrival of light, the lens which arrives first is a lens at the front, the front (the left side of the lens in the graph) of the lens is an object space, and the back of the lens is an image space; for a lens, the surface that the light reaches first is the front surface and the surface that the light reaches later is the back surface.
The medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens provided by the embodiment of the invention is a refraction and reflection type medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical system, and high-quality imaging of the medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical system is realized by utilizing a high-magnification afocal light path, axial position change of a lens and reasonable matching of materials. The optical system has two focal lengths, the same infrared focal plane assembly (the same focal plane array is used for collecting images), different focal lengths correspond to different imaging view fields, a short focal length corresponds to a large view field, and a long focal length corresponds to a small view field. Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an afocal optical element, a zoom lens group 5, and an imaging lens group 7. It is preferable that all optical elements in the medium-wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of the embodiment of the present invention are arranged on the same optical axis.
The optical assembly is an afocal optical path, comprising a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, and a collimating lens group 4, in some embodiments, the collimating lens group 4 may not be needed, the afocal optical path angle magnification is typically-5.5 × to-10 ×, the primary mirror 1 is used for collecting light rays (medium wave infrared rays radiated by a target), has a central hole, the secondary mirror 2 is located on the left side of the primary mirror 1, and is used for reflecting light rays emitted from the primary mirror 1 (i.e., the light rays are collected by the primary mirror 1 and reflected onto the secondary mirror 2, the secondary mirror 2 reflects the light rays again), and forms a first image plane 3 between the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror, the collimating lens group 4 receives light rays reflected by the secondary mirror 2 and outputs a contracted beam to the zoom lens group 5. the collimating lens group 4 is located near the central hole and is coaxial with the optical axis of the primary mirror 1. the secondary mirror 2 is also coaxial with the optical axis of the primary mirror 1. in some embodiments, the collimating lens group 4 is preferably a spherical mirror 4, the optical path of a parabolic mirror 4, the primary mirror 4, the collimating lens group 4 is preferably a spherical mirror, the optical path of a parabolic mirror 4, a parabolic mirror 4 is formed by a parabolic mirror, a parabolic mirror 6, a parabolic mirror.
The reflecting surface of the main reflector 1 and the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector 2 are oppositely arranged, the collimating lens is placed 4 in the central hole of the main reflector 1, and the layout of the optical system is compact.
The zoom lens group 5 comprises 3-5 lenses sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and preferably, the zoom lens group 5 comprises 3 lenses sequentially arranged along the same optical axis, wherein the lens material can be selected from silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, gallium arsenide, chalcogenide glass and other materials, and the front and rear surfaces of the lens can be spherical surfaces, quadric surfaces or high-order aspheric surfaces. The change of the focal length of the optical system is realized by the axial position change of the second lens of the zoom lens group 5. In particular, in the present embodiment, the zoom lens group 5 receives the condensed parallel light, and includes a first zoom lens 51, a second zoom lens 52 and a third zoom lens 53 arranged in sequence along the same optical axis from the object side to the image side, and the second zoom lens 52 can be located at the first position or the second position, so as to implement a change of the focal length of the optical system, for example, a long-short focal length change. The movement of the position of the second zoom lens 52 can be achieved by a stepper motor driving a displacement device, which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail in this specification. The position of the second zoom lens 52 can also be changed by manual operation by a user by providing a handle device. Specifically, the first zoom lens 51 of the present embodiment is based on a Si crystal material, and has a convex spherical front surface and a concave spherical rear surface; the second zoom lens 52 is based on a Ge crystal material, and has a concave spherical front surface and a concave spherical rear surface; the third zoom lens 53 is based on a Si crystal material, and has a convex spherical front surface and a convex aspherical rear surface. By this axial position change of the second zoom lens 52, a change in focal length of the optical system (i.e., the lens barrel of the embodiment of the present invention) is achieved. When the second zoom lens 52 is close to the first zoom lens 51, the optical system is in a short-focus state; when the second zoom lens 52 is distant from the first zoom lens 51, the optical system is in a telephoto state. The second zoom lens 52 is placed on a linear guide and can be driven by a stepping motor or a high-speed motor.
The imaging lens group 7 comprises 2-5 lenses which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, the preferred embodiment of the imaging lens group is composed of 4 lenses, wherein the materials of the lenses can be selected from materials such as silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, gallium arsenide and chalcogenide glass, and the front and rear surfaces of the lenses can be spherical surfaces, quadric surfaces or high-order aspheric surfaces. This embodiment preferably includes the imaging lens group 7 including a first imaging lens 71, a second imaging lens 72, a third imaging lens 73, and a fourth imaging lens 74 disposed in this order in the light traveling direction. The first imaging lens 71 is based on a Si crystal material, and has a convex spherical front surface and a concave spherical rear surface. The second imaging lens 72 is based on Ge crystal material, and its front and rear surfaces are concave spherical surfaces. The third imaging lens 73 is based on a Si crystal material, and has a concave spherical surface on the front surface and a convex spherical surface on the rear surface. The fourth imaging lens 74 is based on a Si crystal material, and has a convex aspheric front surface and a convex spherical rear surface.
After the target heat radiation reaches the main reflector 1, namely, the light beam from the object space is reflected by the main reflector 1 and then enters the secondary reflector 2, and is reflected and focused by the secondary reflector 2, so that the target is imaged on the first image surface 3. Then the light beam passes through the collimating lens group 4 to form a contracted parallel light beam; the collimated light is passed through the variable focus lens group 5 so that the object is imaged on the second image plane 6. The imaging lens group 7 focuses the object on the second image plane 6 onto a third image plane, that is, the imaging lens group 7 focuses the object on the second image plane 6 onto the imaging detector focal plane array 83 again through the focal plane detector window 81 and the cold stop 82, and the imaging detector focal plane array 83 coincides with the third image plane.
The optical lens of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that: the medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom imaging, large and small double-view field, long focal length, large caliber, compact structure and small distortion can be realized, the transfer function reaches or approaches to the diffraction limit, and the cold stop matching reaches 100 percent; the application range of the large-caliber long-focus optical system is widened.
According to the optical structure of fig. 1 and 2, a set of medium wave infrared coaxial catadioptric two-gear zoom optical system is designed, table 1 shows specific optical parameters of the designed optical system, and table 1 shows specific parameters of the system, the technical indexes of the system are that the focal length is 666.7mm, the long focus is 933.7mm, the relative aperture is 1:5, the field of view is 1.4 degrees × 1.1.1 degrees and the small field of view is 1 degree × 0.8.8 degrees, the number of detector pixels is 640 × 512, the pixel size is 25 μm, the working waveband is that the medium wave is 3.7 μm-4.8 μm, fig. 3 is a medium wave infrared two-gear zoom optical lens of the embodiment of the invention at the short focus, fig. 4 is a medium wave infrared two-gear zoom optical lens of the embodiment of the invention at the long focus, and referring to fig. 3 and 4, the MTF can be seen from curves, and the transfer functions can reach or approach diffraction limit.
TABLE 1
The optical system of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that:
(1) medium-wave infrared two-gear zoom optical system
According to the coaxial catadioptric medium wave infrared two-gear zoom optical lens provided by the invention, the imaging with a large visual field and a small visual field can be realized through the position change of 1 lens (the second zoom lens 52).
(2) Providing position and space for optical image stabilization
The front group of the optical lens is an afocal optical path system and is provided with a real exit pupil, and the optical image stabilizing mechanism can be placed at the exit pupil position to realize area array scanning imaging.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an imaging device. The imaging device comprises the medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens and a detector for receiving images formed by the medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens. The detector converts the imaging of the medium-wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens into an electric signal for subsequent processing, and intelligent processing is realized. The imaging device may be a camera, a pod, or some other device or apparatus. Typically, the detector is a focal plane detector for imaging 3um to 5um thermal radiation (i.e., mid-wave infrared light) in the electromagnetic spectrum. Further preferably, the focal plane detector is a refrigeration-type detector 8 comprising a window 81, a cold stop 82 and a focal plane array 83, the window 81 being based on an infrared transmissive material, such as germanium; the focal plane array 83 is a medium wave infrared focal plane array; a cold stop 82 is placed between the window 81 and the focal plane array 83, defining the solid angle at which the focal plane array receives the target radiation, the cold stop 82 acting as the exit pupil of the optical system, with the entrance pupil of the object, conjugate to it, coinciding as much as possible with the primary mirror 1, thereby effectively reducing the aperture of the primary mirror 1.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A medium wave infrared two-gear zooming optical lens is characterized by comprising an afocal optical assembly, a zooming lens group and an imaging lens group;
the afocal optical assembly comprises a main reflector with a central hole, a secondary reflector and a collimating lens group, light is collected by the main reflector and then reflected to the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector reflects the light again, a first image surface is formed between the main reflector and the secondary reflector, and the light irradiates the collimating lens group near the central hole and is changed into convergent parallel light;
the zoom lens group receives parallel light and comprises a first zoom lens, a second zoom lens and a third zoom lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein the second zoom lens can be positioned at a first position or a second position, and the focal length change is realized through the position change;
and the imaging lens group receives the light rays emitted by the zoom lens group and images on the infrared focal plane detector.
2. The medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface of the primary mirror is a paraboloid, a hyperboloid or a high order aspheric surface, and the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror is a hyperboloid, an ellipsoid or a high order aspheric surface.
3. The medium wave infrared two-shift zoom optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the material of the primary reflector or the secondary reflector is one of aluminum alloy, silicon carbide, beryllium aluminum, glass ceramics and the like.
4. The medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of claim 1, characterized in that: the collimating lens group comprises a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, a third collimating lens and a fourth collimating lens which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction; the front surface of the first collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the second collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second collimating lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the third collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the fourth collimating lens is a convex spherical surface.
5. The medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of claim 1, wherein the front surface of the first zoom lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second zoom lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second zoom lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the third zoom lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third zoom lens is a convex aspheric surface.
6. The medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of claim 1, wherein the imaging lens group comprises a first imaging lens, a second imaging lens, a third imaging lens and a fourth imaging lens, which are sequentially disposed along a light propagation direction; the front surface of the first imaging lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first imaging lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface and the rear surface of the second imaging lens are concave spherical surfaces; the front surface of the third imaging lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third imaging lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth imaging lens is a convex aspheric surface, and the rear surface of the fourth imaging lens is a convex spherical surface.
7. The medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material of the lens is one or more of silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, barium fluoride, gallium arsenide, and chalcogenide glass.
8. An imaging device, comprising the medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a detector for receiving images formed by the medium wave infrared two-stage zoom optical lens.
9. The imaging apparatus of claim 8, wherein the detector is a refrigeration-type detector.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112180578A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Visible light-medium wave infrared dual-waveband common-aperture optical system |
| CN112180577A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Visible light-short wave infrared-medium wave infrared-long wave infrared four-waveband optical system |
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| CN111367062B (en) | 2021-07-16 |
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