CN104035188A - Low-cost refracting-reflecting athermalizing medium wave infrared lens - Google Patents
Low-cost refracting-reflecting athermalizing medium wave infrared lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN104035188A CN104035188A CN201410256870.5A CN201410256870A CN104035188A CN 104035188 A CN104035188 A CN 104035188A CN 201410256870 A CN201410256870 A CN 201410256870A CN 104035188 A CN104035188 A CN 104035188A
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-cost refracting-reflecting athermalizing medium wave infrared lens and aims at providing a low-cost refracting-reflecting optical lens which is small in aspherical mirror number, low in cost, made of a small amount of aspherical lenses and conventional silicon and germanium optical materials at a 3.7-4.8 [mu]m medium-wave infrared band and having the optical passive athermalizing performance. The technical scheme is that parallel light enters a main reflection spherical mirror (3) to form a converged light beam through a spherical cover (2) in an incidence mode, a convergence angle is decreased through a Mangin refracting-reflecting mirror (4), a primary mirror face (5) is formed by decreasing a part of aberration and increasing a part of balanced aberration and negative thermal difference of a lens to be arranged behind, the light beam is changed into divergent light, the divergent light enters a negative lens (6) made of an aspherical germanium material and a positive meniscus lens (7) made of a silicon material so as to reduce chromatic aberration and aberration, then converges through a positive convex lens (8) made of the silicon material, enters a detector window (9) and finally forms an image on a detector focal plane (11) through a cold light diaphragm (10), and the whole imaging process is finished.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears, especially at 3.7 μ m～4.8 μ m medium-wave infrared wave bands, adopt spherical reflector and conventional optical materials, there is the disappear low-cost refraction-reflection type optical lens of the poor performance of heat of PASSIVE OPTICAL.
Background technology
Existing refraction-reflection type medium-wave infrared wave band optical system, primary and secondary mirror system generally adopts pure reflective Cassegrain's reinforced concrete structure, processes aspheric surface to expand visual field on primary mirror and secondary mirror; In order to disappear, heat is poor, has also used three kinds of above lens materials, comprises the materials such as the zinc sulphide of costliness comparatively and zinc selenide, and system cost is high, and it is higher to debug accuracy requirement.
The 26th the 2nd phase of volume of Chinese periodical < < infrared technique > >, be published in March, 2004, name is called < < Infrared R-C Optical System design > >, a kind of refraction-reflection type medium-wave infrared camera lens is disclosed, its primary and secondary mirror has all adopted pure reflecting surface, and be all aspheric surface, aspheric surface only has an axis of symmetry, the ball journal of spherical mirror is symmetrical relatively, and its processing, detection and assembling be difficulty comparatively.More than restriction, causes the system of optics to process, detects comparatively difficulty, and assembly precision requires high, and cost is difficult to control.
China Patent No. 201110452019.6, the < < optical-compensation athermalizing long-wave infrared optical system > > that CN10254036A announces, this system is for long wave infrared region, the focal power that comprises plane of refraction is negative value, and reflecting surface is concave surface and is secondary mirror and the relay lens of the primary mirror of Mangin mirror, level crossing; Object space target is transmitted on the reflecting surface of primary mirror through the plane of refraction of primary mirror, and again by the plane of refraction of primary mirror, and turn back after reflection by secondary mirror, through relay lens and detector window, be irradiated in refrigeration-type infrared eye image planes successively.This invention has adopted the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold of germanium material on the primary mirror of bore maximum, and has adopted aspheric surface on the reflecting surface of primary mirror, and its processing detects and assemble all comparatively difficulty, also needs bigbore germanium material as primary mirror material simultaneously.This patent total system has shared three aspheric surfaces, and to processing, testing requirement is higher, and aspheric surface only has an axis of symmetry, and the spherical axis of spherical mirror is symmetrical relatively, its processing, detects and assembling difficulty comparatively; More than restriction, causes the system of optics to process, detects comparatively difficulty, causes total system cost higher.
China Patent No. 201110452699.1, publication number CN102520506A, < < compact catadioptric long-wave infrared athermal imaging optical system > > is disclosed, this system, for long wave infrared region, comprises secondary mirror, principal reflection mirror, relay lens; Secondary mirror is the refraction-reflection optical element of negative power, but secondary mirror consists of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold at annular light transmission part and center: the light beam from object space first incides principal reflection mirror through the annular light transmission part of secondary mirror, after primary mirror reflects, incide the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold of secondary mirror, by the catadioptric focusing of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold by target imaging in the first image planes; By relay lens, the target in the first image planes is turned and resembles and again focus in the second image planes again; The second image planes overlap with the focal plane of imaging receiver.This design has adopted corrective lens (eye protection) and the catadioptric mirror Integral design of Man Jin of annular printing opacity, play the effect of the front correction of light path and the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold simultaneously, the reflecting surface of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold has also adopted aspheric surface, and primary mirror is also aspheric surface, and total system has adopted a plurality of aspheric mirrors.The catadioptric mirror of this graceful golden form adopts a kind of shape in annular light transmission part, at the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold, partly adopts another kind of aspheric surface, higher to requirement on machining accuracy, and material bore is larger.Meanwhile, this design has also adopted a plurality of aspheric surfaces, and aspheric surface only has an axis of symmetry, and the ball journal of spherical mirror is symmetrical relatively, and its processing, detection and assembling be difficulty comparatively.More than restriction, causes the system of optics to process, detects comparatively difficulty, causes total system cost higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned prior art primary mirror or secondary mirror, or on primary and secondary mirror, be all aspheric surface, aspheric surface only has an axis of symmetry, the ball journal of spherical mirror is symmetrical relatively, its processing, detection and assembling be difficulty comparatively, be difficult to control cost, and total system adopts the weak point of a plurality of aspheric surfaces and expensive heavy caliber material, provide a kind of aspheric mirror number few, cost is low, the low-cost refraction-reflection type optical lens that can cancel out each other in 3.7 μ m～4.8 μ m medium-wave infrared wave band monochromatic aberrations, aberration and hot difference.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type provided by the invention poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears, comprise: the catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold that is positioned at ball cover 2 meniscus rears with the parallel incident light of infinite distance object plane 1 is reflexed to the spherical primary reflector 3 of the catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold, it is characterized in that: from the parallel incident light of infinite distance object plane 1, the spherical primary reflector 3 that incides K9 glass material or aluminum alloy materials by ball cover 2 forms converging beam, this converging beam reduces to converge angle through the catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold of germanium or silicon materials, correction portion monochromatic aberration, increased partial precast heat poor, after aberration and monochromatic aberration, converge at image planes 5 and become diverging light, the negative lens 6 that enters aspheric surface germanium material continues to disperse, by the aberration of balanced system, monochromatic aberration and the poor light beam of heat project the bent moon positive lens 7 of silicon materials, reduce the angle of divergence of light beam, by convex surface positive lens 8 formation of silicon materials, converge light and enter detector window 9, and by cold stop 10 by target imaging on detector focal plane 11, complete the overall process of imaging.
The present invention has following beneficial effect than prior art.
Aspheric mirror number is few.The present invention adopts the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold of pure sphere on secondary mirror, and primary and secondary mirror all adopts spherical mirror and conventional optical material, adopt the least possible aspheric mirror and conventional optical material, only at negative lens 6, near object plane 1 one sides, adopted an aspheric surface, all the other lens and catoptron, the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold is spherical surface shape, be convenient to adopt traditional optical cold machining process to produce in a large number, and the symmetrical performance of ball journal only has the aspheric surface of an axis of symmetry can guarantee the shop characteristic such as good optical detection and assembling relatively, processing cost and detection assembly cost can be effectively controlled.
Material is common.Because all lens barrel materials, mirror holder material are common metal material, the catadioptric mirror material of all lens materials and graceful gold is silicon or the conventional infra-red material of germanium, and the spherical primary reflector 3 of bore maximum is K9 glass material, or the aluminium alloy catoptron of aluminum alloy materials; The catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold is as secondary mirror, and transmissive portion has adopted the germanium or the silicon infrared transmission material that generally use, and bore is less, and material cost is better controlled.
The present invention adopts the cassette RC system of distortion, from the directional light incident of infinite distance object plane 1, by ball cover 2, enter the spherical primary reflector 3 formation converging beams of K9 glass material or aluminum alloy materials, the catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold by germanium or silicon materials reduces to converge angle, reduce part aberration and increase part to treat that the aberration of rearmounted lens balance is poor with negative heat, form image planes 5 and become diverging light, enter the positive lens 8 of the negative lens 6 of aspheric surface germanium material and the bent moon positive lens 7 of silicon materials and silicon materials, can active balance primary mirror and the prefabricated aberration of the catadioptric mirror of Man Jin, monochromatic aberration and heat are poor.
Spherical primary reflector 3 of the present invention has adopted conventional K9 optical material as reflecting surface, and its linear expansion coefficient is 7 í 10
-6/ K, the mirror holder material now coordinating is with it that linear expansion coefficient is 8.8 í 10
-6the titanium alloy of/K or linear expansion coefficient are 9.9 í 10
- 6the stainless steel of/K, or linear expansion coefficient is 12 í 10
-6the ordinary steel of/K, the hot out of focus that the focal plane variation producing because of temperature variation forms is less, can be poor by catadioptric mirror 4 compensation of graceful gold prefabricated comprehensive system-wide heat; When spherical primary reflector 3 adopts aluminum alloy materials as reflecting surface, the linear expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy materials is 23.6 í 10
-6/ K, what now coordinate with it is the aluminium alloy mirror holder material of same linear expansion coefficient, and it is less that the focal plane that temperature variation produces changes the hot out of focus forming, and primary and secondary mirror residual heat is poor poor by catadioptric mirror 4 compensation of graceful gold prefabricated comprehensive system-wide heat.The monochromatic aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and the curvature of field that spherical primary reflector 3 produces are larger, main by the catadioptric mirror compensation of rearmounted graceful gold prefabricated comprehensive system-wide aberration.
The catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold of the present invention adopts pure spherical surface shape, by changing curvature and the thickness in 4 two surfaces of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold, spherical aberration, coma and the astigmatism of recoverable prefabricated spherical primary reflector 3 and catadioptric mirror 4 reflectings surface of Man Jin, and suitable prefabricated the monochromatic aberration such as ten thousand curvature of field hereby.The catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold of germanium or silicon materials is negative power, produces positive aberration, as with image planes 5 rear lens mirror groups be the prefabricated aberration of negative lens 6～convex surface positive lens 8 mirror group balances; It is poor that the catadioptric mirror 4 of the graceful gold of the germanium of negative power or silicon materials produces negative heat, the hot out of focus of balance primary mirror and mirror holder material production, and as with image planes 5 after lens mirror group be that heating in advance of negative lens 6～convex surface positive lens 8 mirror group balances is poor; Aberration, monochromatic aberration and the hot difference of catadioptric mirror 4 corrections of spherical reflector 3 and Man Jin and increase (prefabricated) can be with negative lens 6～convex surface positive lens 8 lens combination be with the mutual balance of hot out of focus of aberration, monochromatic aberration and heat difference and the lens barrel material production of generation, hot poor to proofread and correct off-axis aberration and system below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the disappear organigram of the poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat of a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type of the present invention.
In figure: 1 object plane, 2 ball covers, 3 principal reflection spherical mirrors, the catadioptric mirror of 4 graceful gold, 5 image planes, 6 negative lenses, 7 bent moon telescope directs, 8 convex surface positive lenss, 9 detector windows, 10 cold stops, 11 detector focal planes.
Embodiment
For further clear elaboration the present invention, embodiment will be provided below and combine with accompanying drawing, the technical program is described, but should not be understood as limitation of the invention.
The described a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type of Fig. 1 poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears, mainly comprises: the optical module from infinite distance object plane 1 to detector focal plane 11.Wherein, the incident directional light of infinite distance converges light through ball cover 2 in principal reflection mirror 3 formation of sphere.Principal reflection spherical mirror 3 is spherical surface shape, and material is aluminium alloy, and the mirror holder between the catadioptric mirror 4 of spherical primary reflector 3 and Man Jin is aluminum alloy materials.The focal length of spherical primary reflector 3 is about 86.07mm when 4 μ m detect wavelength.
Spherical primary reflector 3 forms, and to converge the focal power that light enters germanium material be the negative catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold, reduces to converge angle and correction portion aberration and increased that the comprehensive system-wide heat of partial precast is poor, converge at image planes 5 after aberration and monochromatic aberration and become diverging light.The catadioptric mirror 4 of graceful gold is pure spherical surface shape, and focal length is be about-133.18mm when 4 μ m detect wavelength.
From the diverging light of image planes 5 outgoing, the negative lens 6 that enters aspheric surface germanium material continues to disperse.For reducing the monochromatic aberration of the outer visual field of axle, negative lens 6 is aspheric surface near the minute surface of catadioptric mirror 4 one sides of graceful gold.The part aberration of negative lens 6 balanced systems, monochromatic aberration and heat are poor.Lens barrel material between negative lens 6～detector window 9 is aluminum alloy materials.The focal length of negative lens 6 is be about-32.73mm when 4 μ m detect wavelength.
The bent moon positive lens 7 that projects silicon materials from balanced system part aberration, monochromatic aberration and the poor light beam of heat of negative lens 6 outgoing, reduces the angle of divergence of light beam, and it is poor to continue to reduce aberration, monochrome correction aberration and heat.The focal length of bent moon positive lens 7 is be about-16.4mm when 4 μ m detect wavelength.
The convex surface positive lens 8 that incides silicon materials by bent moon positive lens 7 light beam that reduces the angle of divergence forms and converges light, proofreaies and correct remaining aberration, monochromatic aberration and heat poor.The focal length of convex surface positive lens 8 is about 29.37mm when 4 μ m detect wavelength.
From the correction of convex surface positive lens 8 outgoing total system aberration, monochromatic aberration and the poor light beam of heat enter detector window 9, and by cold stop 10 by target imaging on detector focal plane 11, complete the overall process of imaging.
It is 9.6mm * 7.68mm that the present embodiment has adopted focal plane, and pixel dimension 30 μ m * 30 μ m are that pixel number is 320 * 256 F#2 refrigeration mode medium-wave infrared detector, and wherein F# is focal distance f and the ratio of entrance pupil bore D, i.e. F#=f/D.The design's focal length 168mm, cold shield efficiency 100%, from ball cover to focal plane, be always about 146mm, the about 88mm of maximum caliber, the catadioptric aperture of mirror of graceful gold is less than 28mm, the system cold emission equivalence temperature difference is controlled in 0.6 ℃, and the MTF of temperature range each visual field when spatial frequency is 17lp/mm of-45 ℃～60 ℃ is all greater than 0.5.
Claims (6)
1. a low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears, comprise: be positioned at the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold (4) at ball cover (2) meniscus rear and the parallel incident light of infinite distance object plane (1) reflexed to the spherical primary reflector (3) of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold (4), it is characterized in that: from the directional light incident of infinite distance object plane (1), by ball cover (2), enter sphere principal reflection spherical mirror (3) the formation converging beam of optical glass material or aluminum alloy materials, the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold (4) by germanium or silicon materials reduces to converge angle, reduce part aberration and increase part to treat that the aberration of rearmounted lens balance is poor with negative heat, form image planes (5) and become diverging light, enter the negative lens (6) of aspheric surface germanium material and the bent moon positive lens (7) of silicon materials to reduce aberration and aberration, then the convex surface positive lens (8) by silicon materials converges, enter detector window (9), and by cold stop (10), finally be imaged on detector focal plane (11), complete the overall process of imaging.
2. a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: principal reflection spherical mirror (3) is spherical surface shape, its material is K9 optical glass, and the mirror holder between principal reflection spherical mirror (3) and the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold (4) is titanium alloy material, or be stainless steel material, or be ordinary steel material.
3. a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: principal reflection spherical mirror (3) spherical surface shape material is aluminum alloy materials, and the mirror holder between principal reflection spherical mirror (3) and the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold is aluminum alloy materials.
4. a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: reflecting surface and the plane of refraction of the catadioptric mirror of graceful gold (4) of germanium or silicon materials are pure spherical surface shape.
5. a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the negative lens of germanium material (6) is aspheric surface near the mirror surface-shaped of catadioptric mirror (4) one sides of graceful gold.
6. a kind of low-cost refraction-reflection type poor medium-wave infrared camera lens of heat that disappears as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the lens barrel material between negative lens (6)～detector window (9) is common aluminum alloy material, or be titanium alloy material, or be stainless steel material, or be ordinary steel material.
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| CN105759410A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Refraction and reflection type large aperture and large field of view imaging system |
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| CN104199180A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 江苏卡罗卡国际动漫城有限公司 | Cassegrain optical system with Mankin secondary mirror |
| RU2570055C1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-12-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Государственный институт прикладной оптики" (ОАО "НПО ГИПО") | Infrared catadioptric lens |
| CN104965299B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-04-26 | 山东神戎电子股份有限公司 | Large-aperture long-focal length reentry type uncooled infrared imaging system |
| CN105068369A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-band projection optical system |
| CN105259648A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-20 | 合肥斐索光电仪器有限公司 | Large-caliber fully-spherical laser radar optical system |
| CN105759410A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Refraction and reflection type large aperture and large field of view imaging system |
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