CN102520506A - Compact catadioptric long-wave infrared athermal imaging optical system - Google Patents
Compact catadioptric long-wave infrared athermal imaging optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact catadioptric long-wave infrared athermal imaging optical system, which comprises a secondary lens, a primary reflective lens and a relay lens. The secondary lens is a catadioptric optical component with negative focal power and comprises an annular light transmission part and a central Mangin mirror; a light beam from an object is transmitted into the primary reflective lens through the annular light transmission part of the secondary lens and is then transmitted into the Mangin mirror of the secondary lens after reflection by the primary reflective lens, and catadioptric focusing is carried out by the Mangin mirror so that the target is imaged on a first image plane; the target on the first image plane is then transferred by the relay lens and focuses again on a second image plane; and the second image plane is overlapped with the focal plane of an image receiver. Image of long focal length can be realized, and the system has a compact structure and a large view field and can be applied in the optical imaging field of aviation and aerospace.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to optical technical field, relating to a kind of compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED does not have the thermalization imaging optical system.
Background technology:
Infrared optical system is used more and more widely, and working environment becomes increasingly complex, and is increasingly high to the image quality requirement of infrared optical system, and the high-performance infrared optical system that design can be operated under the severe environmental conditions becomes inevitable.Variation of ambient temperature will cause material change of refractive, system's focal length change, image planes displacement (out of focus), image quality deterioration etc.The thermal instability of this optical system especially with infrared optical system for very, this mainly is that the refractive index of most infrared optical materials is obvious with temperature variation because the thermal stability of infrared optical material is relatively poor.Therefore, in the process of design infrared optical system, must adopt certain compensation technique, make infrared optical system in a bigger ambient temperature range, keep favorable imaging quality to eliminate the influence of temperature effect.
Traditional no thermalization method for designing can be divided three classes: (1) mechanical passive type; (2) dynamo-electric active; (3) PASSIVE OPTICAL formula.Wherein the PASSIVE OPTICAL compensation way is because characteristics such as structure is simple relatively, little in light weight, the system reliability height of size have received great attention.
Catadioptric optical system is because the primary and secondary mirror is shared most of focal power, and helping system does not have the thermalization design; Utilize the catoptron folded optical path, dwindled the volume of camera lens and alleviated quality, length can be accomplished shorter than focal length.In sum, require the compact occasion of lightweight, generally adopt the refractive and reflective optical system design form at infrared optical system.
U.S. Pat 4; That 431,917 (open day 19840214) disclose is a kind of " compact high cold late efficiency optical system ", and this system adopts refraction-reflection optical texture; Be made up of principal reflection mirror, secondary mirror and relay lens, wherein principal reflection mirror and secondary mirror all adopt catoptron.Because principal reflection mirror, the secondary mirror of optical system all adopt catoptron, thereby its focal length is short, and the visual field is little, and volume is big.
Summary of the invention:
The technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of long-focus imaging that realizes, compact conformation, the big compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED in visual field do not have the thermalization imaging optical system.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED of the present invention does not have the thermalization imaging optical system and comprises secondary mirror, principal reflection mirror, relay lens; Said secondary mirror is the refraction-reflection optical element of negative power, is made up of annular light transmission part and center Mangin mirror; Light beam from object space incides principal reflection mirror through the annular light transmission part of secondary mirror, after primary mirror reflects, incides the Mangin mirror of secondary mirror, by the catadioptric focusing of Mangin mirror, makes target imaging on first image planes; By relay lens the target on first image planes being changeed resembles and focuses on again on second image planes again; Said second image planes overlap with the focal plane of imaging receiver.
Secondary mirror of the present invention adopts focal power to be negative refraction-reflection optical element; Mangin mirror can be realized refraction and reflect two kinds of functions that remainder is annular light transmission part, can only realize reflective functions; Thereby the visual angle that has increased incident light, shortened the distance between the secondary mirror and first image planes simultaneously.The present invention can realize long-focus imaging, and compact conformation, visual field are big, can be applicable to photoelectronic imaging fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics.
The front surface of said secondary mirror is a convex aspheric surface, and the reflecting surface of principal reflection mirror is recessed aspheric surface.
The reflecting surface of said principal reflection mirror is standard quadric surface or high order aspheric surface.
The front surface of said secondary mirror is standard quadric surface or high order aspheric surface.
Target is imaged on the infrared focal plane imaging receiver after through optical system of the present invention, thereby obtains the digital picture of target; The focal plane imaging receiver can be the non-refrigeration type Long Wave Infrared Probe, also can be the refrigeration-type Long Wave Infrared Probe.
Said relay lens is made up of first refractor, second refractor and the third reflect lens placed in proper order along same optical axis; Wherein first refractor, second refractor are meniscus lens, and the third reflect lens are biconvex lens.
The front surface of first refractor and second refractor is an aspheric surface, and the back surface of first refractor and second refractor, the front surface of second refractor and surface, back are sphere.
Said first refractor, second refractor and third reflect lens adopt the Ge crystal.
Said first refractor, second refractor and third reflect lens adopt the ZnS crystal.
Said first refractor, second refractor and third reflect lens adopt the ZnSe crystal.
The infrared crystal that secondary mirror material selection thermal refractive index coefficient is bigger, secondary mirror, relay lens and mirror body propping material are selected lightweight, low line expansion factor structured material, and can eliminate system's heat through matching each other poor, realizes the passive no thermalization of optical system.The elimination of the focal power rational Match feasible system aberration through principal reflection mirror, secondary mirror and relay lens, optical distortion is little, and transport function is high, can realize that the large-temperature range optical compensation does not have the thermalization imaging.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 does not have thermalization imaging optical system structural representation for compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1 is secondary mirror; 2 is principal reflection mirror; 3 is relay lens; 31 is first refractor; 32 is second refractor; 33 is the third reflect lens; 4 is first image planes; 5 is second image planes, the receiver focal plane of promptly forming images; 6 are imaging receiver window.
Fig. 2 is the relay lens enlarged drawing.
Fig. 3 is the coordinate system synoptic diagram that the present invention adopts.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2, compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED of the present invention does not have the thermalization imaging optical system and is made up of a secondary mirror 1, a principal reflection mirror 2 and a relay lens 3 in order to picture side from object space.The imaging receiver adopts face battle array Long Wave Infrared Probe, is used for electromagnetic wave spectrum 8 μ m~12 μ m heat radiations imaging.
Optical system of the present invention is arranged by xyz right hand space coordinates in order, and the z direction of principal axis is decided to be optical axis direction, and the y axle is in plane shown in Figure 1, and the x axle is perpendicular to the yz plane, and the yz coordinate plane is the meridian ellipse of optical system, sees Fig. 3.
All optical elements of system are arranged on the same optical axis; The reflecting surface 21 of principal reflection mirror 2 is arranged with back surperficial 12 of secondary mirror 1 relatively; First refractor 31, second refractor 32, third reflect lens 33 are arranged between first image planes 4 and second image planes 5, and the layout of the imaging receiver window 6 and second image planes 5 satisfies the designing requirement of non-refrigeration type Long Wave Infrared Probe.Group optical system before principal reflection mirror 2 constitutes with secondary mirror 1, first refractor 31, second refractor 32 and third reflect lens 33 constitute relay optical systems; The center of all optical elements is on the yz plane (the x coordinate is zero) all.The material of secondary mirror 1, first refractor 31, second refractor 32 and third reflect lens 33 is all selected crystalline material of the same race for use.The lens barrel material is aluminium or titanium alloy.
See through the annular light transmission part of secondary mirror 1 from the light beam of object space,,, make target imaging on first image planes 4 again by the catadioptric focusing of the Mangin mirror of secondary mirror 1 through principal reflection mirror 2 reflections; By relay lens 3 commentaries on classics of the target on first image planes 4 is resembled and focuses on again on second image planes 5, second image planes 5 overlap with the focal plane of imaging receiver.
Target is imaged on after through optical system on the focal plane of imaging receiver, thereby obtains the digital picture of target; The focal plane imaging receiver can be the non-refrigeration type Long Wave Infrared Probe, also can be the refrigeration-type Long Wave Infrared Probe.
Relay lens 3 is made up of one or more pieces refractors, generally adopts three refractors to realize.The front surface 311 of first refractor 31 wherein and the front surface of second refractor 32 321 are aspheric surface (standard quadric surface; Promptly parabolic, ellipsoid or hyperboloid; Also can be high order aspheric surface), back surperficial 322 of back surperficial 312 and second refractor 32 of first refractor 31 is a sphere; The front surface 331 of third reflect lens 33, surface, back 32 are sphere; Three refractors adopt commaterial, and the material of being selected for use is to the transparent Ge crystal of 8 μ m~12 mu m wavebands, ZnS crystal or ZnSe crystal.
The focal power allocation requirements:
The axial chromatic aberration that disappears requires:
System's heat difference formula that disappears:
In the formula, h
iBe the height of first paraxial rays in each lens combination, h
1Be the height of first paraxial rays on first lens of lens combination, φ
iBe the focal power of each lens combination, φ is total focal power of system, Δ f
bBe focal length variations amount, ω
iBe the chromatic dispersion factor of each optical element, χ
iBe photo-thermal expansion coefficient, α
hBe the linear expansion coefficient of physical construction material, L is the length of mechanical structured member.
The advantage of optical system of the present invention is: can realize long-focus imaging, compact conformation, the visual field is big, and it is little to distort, and transport function is high, can realize that the large-temperature range optical compensation does not have the thermalization imaging.
According to the optical texture of Fig. 1, we have designed a cover LONG WAVE INFRARED telescope optical system, and picture element is near diffraction limit.Systematic technical indicator is following:
Telescope clear aperture: φ 64mm;
Relative aperture: 1: 2;
Focal length: 120mm;
Visual field: 4.5 ° * 4.5 °;
Operation wavelength: 8 μ m~12 μ m;
System's length overall: 70mm;
Distortion:<1%;
Working temperature :-40 ℃~+ 60 ℃
Optical system gross weight: 200g.
As shown in table 1 between the optical surface curvature radius of secondary mirror 1, principal reflection mirror 2, first refractor 31, second refractor 32, third reflect lens 33, asphericity coefficient, each optical element material, each optical surface along the distance (comprising the thickness of each optical element and the air-gap thickness between each optical element) of optical axis direction.The 5th column data is followed successively by the distance of 1 front surface 11 of secondary mirror on the primary optical axis to surface, back 12 from top to bottom in the table 1; Surface 12, secondary mirror 1 back is to the distance of principal reflection mirror 2 reflectings surface 21; The distance of principal reflection mirror 2 reflectings surface 21 to first lens 31 front surfaces 311; First lens, 31 front surfaces 311 are to the distance on surface, back 312; The distance of surface, first lens, 31 back 312 to second lens, 32 front surfaces 321; Second lens, 32 front surfaces 321 are to the distance on surface, back 322 ...; Surface, the 3rd lens 33 back 332 distances to imaging receiver focal plane.
Table 1
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, first refractor, second refractor, third reflect lens can also adopt the lens of other kinds.Should be understood that every any simple deformation of on claim 1 technical scheme of the present invention basis, making all the invention is intended within the protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, comprises secondary mirror (1), principal reflection mirror (2), relay lens (3); It is characterized in that said secondary mirror (1) is the refraction-reflection optical element of negative power, is made up of annular light transmission part and center Mangin mirror; Light beam from object space incides principal reflection mirror (2) through the annular light transmission part of secondary mirror (1), after principal reflection mirror (2) reflection, incides the Mangin mirror of secondary mirror (1), by the catadioptric focusing of Mangin mirror, makes target imaging on first image planes (4); By relay lens (3) target on first image planes (4) is changeed again and resemble and focus on again on second image planes (5); Said second image planes (5) overlap with the focal plane of imaging receiver.
2. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 1 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that the front surface (11) of said secondary mirror (1) is a convex aspheric surface, and the reflecting surface of principal reflection mirror (2) is recessed aspheric surface.
3. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 2 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, and the reflecting surface that it is characterized in that said principal reflection mirror (2) is standard quadric surface or high order aspheric surface.
4. do not have the thermalization imaging optical system according to claim 2 or 3 described compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRAREDs, the front surface (11) that it is characterized in that said secondary mirror (1) is standard quadric surface or high order aspheric surface.
5. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 1 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that said relay lens (3) is made up of first refractor (31), second refractor (32) and the third reflect lens (33) placed in proper order along same optical axis; Wherein first refractor (31), second refractor (32) are meniscus lens, and third reflect lens (33) are biconvex lens.
6. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 5 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system; The front surface that it is characterized in that first refractor (31) and second refractor (32) is an aspheric surface, and the back surface of first refractor (31) and second refractor (32), the front surface of second refractor (32) and surface, back are sphere.
7. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 5 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that said secondary mirror (1), first refractor (31), second refractor (32) and third reflect lens (33) adopt the Ge crystal.
8. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 5 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that said secondary mirror (1), first refractor (31), second refractor (32) and third reflect lens (33) adopt the ZnS crystal.
9. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 5 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that said secondary mirror (1), first refractor (31), second refractor (32) and third reflect lens (33) adopt the ZnSe crystal.
10. compact refraction-reflection LONG WAVE INFRARED according to claim 6 does not have the thermalization imaging optical system, it is characterized in that between the optical surface curvature radius, asphericity coefficient, each optical surface of secondary mirror (1), principal reflection mirror (2), first refractor (31), second refractor (32), third reflect lens (33) as shown in table 1 along the distance of optical axis direction:
Table 1
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