CN113448067B - Switching type zooming heat difference eliminating type long-wave infrared zoom lens - Google Patents
Switching type zooming heat difference eliminating type long-wave infrared zoom lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN113448067B CN113448067B CN202110557620.5A CN202110557620A CN113448067B CN 113448067 B CN113448067 B CN 113448067B CN 202110557620 A CN202110557620 A CN 202110557620A CN 113448067 B CN113448067 B CN 113448067B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/02—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective
- G02B15/10—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective by adding a part, e.g. close-up attachment
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- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/021—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses for more than one lens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/028—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention provides a switching type zooming athermal long-wave infrared zoom lens, which solves the problems that the field angle of an existing athermal system is generally large, and a passive athermal design of the system is difficult to realize by a system designed in a small field of view. The heat difference eliminating type long-wave infrared zoom lens comprises a lens barrel, a front fixed lens group, a first reflecting lens, a rear fixed lens group, a second reflecting lens, a zoom lens group, a secondary imaging lens group and a long-wave infrared detector component; the front fixed lens group, the first reflector, the rear fixed lens group, the second reflector, the secondary imaging lens group and the long-wave infrared detector component are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the zoom lens group is arranged on the light path between the second reflector and the secondary imaging lens group and can cut in and cut out the light path; the zoom lens is a long-wave infrared lens which has a small field of view, a compact structure and a simple zooming structure and can realize switching zooming, and the lens realizes passive heat difference elimination design and enhances the adaptability to environmental temperature change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of infrared thermal imaging, and particularly relates to a switching type zooming heat dissipation difference type long-wave infrared zoom lens.
Background
The long-wave infrared imaging system mainly utilizes the self-radiated heat energy of an object to carry out imaging, thereby realizing the remote detection of the object and being mainly applied to the fields of fire early warning detection, emergency rescue, high-end imaging monitoring and the like. The long-wave infrared double-view-field system has two imaging view fields with different sizes, can realize large-range perception and long-distance detailed investigation of a target area, has greater advantages in practical application compared with a fixed-focus system, and has become a current research hotspot.
Chinese patent CN 102269871 a discloses a two-color two-field infrared imaging optical system, which realizes a two-field system design of 9 ° × 6.75 °/3 ° × 2.25 °; chinese patent CN 108345093A discloses a common-caliber double-field two-color infrared imaging lens, which realizes the design of a long-wave infrared system focal length of 22mm/55mm and the system realizes a passive athermal design; he hong xing et al realized a long-wave infrared dual-field-of-view system with a field angle of 1.7 degrees x 1.28 degrees/17 degrees x 12.8 degrees in "a high-performance dual-field-of-view long-wave infrared optical system, infrared technology, volume 39, phase 5", but the system adopted a focusing group to perform system thermal difference compensation, and did not realize a passive athermal differential design.
According to the above literature data, the field angle of the conventional long-wave infrared optical system for realizing athermal design is generally large, and the application in detailed target inspection is limited, while the system for realizing small-field design is difficult to realize passive athermal design of the system, so that the system needs to be focused according to different environmental temperatures in the application of the system, the environmental adaptability is weak, and the complexity of the system use is increased. Therefore, it is especially necessary to develop a long-wave infrared zoom lens with a small field of view and poor passive heat dissipation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the field angle of an existing system without a thermalization design is generally larger, and a passive heat difference elimination design of the system is difficult to realize by a system with a small field of view, and provides a switching type zooming heat difference elimination type long-wave infrared zoom lens. The zoom lens is a long-wave infrared lens which has a small field of view, a compact structure and a simple zooming structure and can realize switching zooming, and the lens realizes passive heat difference elimination design and enhances the adaptability to environmental temperature change.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a switching type zooming heat difference eliminating type long-wave infrared zoom lens comprises a lens barrel, and a front fixed lens group, a first reflector, a rear fixed lens group, a second reflector, a zoom lens group, a secondary imaging lens group and a long-wave infrared detector assembly which are arranged in the lens barrel; the front fixed lens group, the first reflector, the rear fixed lens group, the second reflector, the secondary imaging lens group and the long-wave infrared detector component are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the zoom lens group is arranged on the light path between the second reflector and the secondary imaging lens group and can cut in and cut out the light path; the zoom lens group is cut into a light path, incident light rays are refracted to the rear fixed lens group by the first reflecting mirror after passing through the front fixed lens group, the light rays are converged to the second reflecting mirror by the rear fixed lens group, the second reflecting mirror refracts the light rays to the zoom lens group for the second time, and the light rays reach the long-wave infrared detector assembly after passing through the secondary imaging lens group, so that small-field imaging of the long-wave infrared zoom lens is realized; the zoom lens group cuts out a light path, incident light rays are refracted to the rear fixed lens group by the first reflecting mirror after passing through the front fixed lens group, the light rays are converged to the second reflecting mirror by the rear fixed lens group, and the second reflecting mirror refracts the light rays to the secondary imaging lens group for the second time and then reaches the long-wave infrared detector component, so that large-field-of-view imaging of the long-wave infrared zoom lens is realized; the front fixed lens group comprises at least two lenses, chalcogenide glass and ZnSe materials are respectively selected as the lens materials, and the focal power of the front fixed lens group is more than 0.002 and less than 0.003; the lens material of the rear fixed lens group is chalcogenide glass material, and the focal power of the rear fixed lens group is less than-0.009 by-0.01; the zoom lens group comprises at least two lenses, the lens materials are a chalcogenide glass material and a single crystal germanium material respectively, and the focal power of the zoom lens group is more than 0.015 and less than 0.03; the lens material of the secondary imaging lens group is chalcogenide glass material, and the focal power of the secondary imaging lens group is more than 0.045 and less than 0.055; the lens parameters satisfy the following conditions:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the focal power of each lens;
the focal power of the long-wave infrared zoom lens; v. ofiThe dispersion coefficient of each lens;
is the focal length change of the lens material caused by the refractive index/temperature coefficient dn/dt; a isLIs the coefficient of thermal expansion of the barrel material, and L is the barrel length.
Further, the materials of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are infrared crystal materials and metal materials.
Further, the front fixed lens group includes a first front fixed lens and a second front fixed lens, and an object-side surface of the second front fixed lens is aspheric.
Further, the rear fixed lens group includes a rear fixed lens, and an image-side surface of the rear fixed lens group is aspheric.
Further, the zoom lens group comprises a first zoom lens and a second zoom lens, and the image side surface of the second zoom lens is an aspheric surface.
Further, the secondary imaging lens group comprises a first imaging lens, a second imaging lens and a third imaging lens, and the object-side surface of the first imaging lens, the object-side surface of the second imaging lens and the image-side surface of the third imaging lens are aspheric surfaces.
Furthermore, the material of the lens cone selects the thermal expansion coefficientIs 236 multiplied by 10-7The general aluminum alloy of (1).
Furthermore, the pixel array of the long-wave infrared detector assembly is 640 multiplied by 512, the pixel size is 15 mu m, and the F number is 2.5.
Further, the long-wave infrared zoom lens has an F number of 2.5, a maximum aperture of less than 130mm, a field angle of 3.36 degrees multiplied by 2.70 degrees/1.68 degrees multiplied by 1.35 degrees, and a zoom ratio of 2 x.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the long-wave infrared zoom lens, the small field of view imaging of the lens is realized through the cutting-in of the zoom lens group, the large field of view imaging of the lens is realized through the cutting-out of the zoom lens group, the zooming mode can realize the quick switching of the large field of view and the small field of view, and the probability of target loss is reduced; meanwhile, the long-wave infrared zoom lens can realize the long-wave infrared zoom design of a small view field, and is beneficial to the detailed investigation and application of target information.
2. The long-wave infrared zoom lens can realize the passive heat difference elimination design in a wide temperature range of-40-60 ℃, enhance the environmental adaptability of the lens and simplify the use complexity of the lens.
3. The long-wave infrared zoom lens can be matched with an F/2.5 refrigeration type detector, has stronger energy collection capacity, and can greatly improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio.
4. The lens barrel material of the long-wave infrared zoom lens selects the common thermal expansion coefficient of 236 multiplied by 10-7The common aluminum alloy lens cone can ensure that the optical transfer functions of two field angles are close to the diffraction limit at the spatial frequency of 33lp/mm within a wide temperature range of-40-60 ℃, and the image quality is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a small field of view optical path of a long-wave infrared zoom lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large field of view optical path of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transfer function of a small field of view normal temperature 20 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transfer function of a small field of view normal temperature-40 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transfer function of a small field of view normal temperature 60 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transfer function of a large field of view normal temperature 20 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a transfer function of a large field of view normal temperature-40 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a transfer function of a large-field-of-view normal-temperature 60 ℃ optical system of the long-wave infrared zoom lens of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-a front fixed mirror group, 2-a rear fixed mirror group, 3-a zoom mirror group, 4-a secondary imaging mirror group, 5-a first reflector, 6-a second reflector, 7-a long wave infrared detector component, 11-a first front fixed lens, 12-a second front fixed lens, 31-a first zoom lens, 32-a second zoom lens, 41-a first imaging lens, 42-a second imaging lens and 43-a third imaging lens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a switching type zooming athermal long-wave infrared zoom lens, which is suitable for a long-wave infrared band of 7.7-9.5 microns, realizes the small/large field switching of the lens by adopting a cut-in/cut-out mode, and has the characteristics of small field angle and realization of passive athermal design. Specifically, the system realizes small-field imaging of the lens through switching in of the zoom lens group, and realizes large-field imaging of the lens through switching out of the zoom lens group, and the zoom mode can realize quick switching of the field of view and reduce the probability of target loss. When the zoom lens group is switched, light rays are converged on a focal plane through the secondary imaging lens group, and the position of the focal plane is kept unchanged at different working temperatures.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the heat difference eliminating long-wave infrared zoom lens with switching zoom provided by the present invention comprises a lens barrel, and a front fixed lens group 1, a first reflecting mirror 5, a rear fixed lens group 2, a second reflecting mirror 6, a zoom lens group 3, a secondary imaging lens group 4 and a long-wave infrared detector assembly 7 arranged in the lens barrel; the front fixed lens group 1, the first reflecting mirror 5, the rear fixed lens group 2, the second reflecting mirror 6, the secondary imaging lens group 4 and the long-wave infrared detector assembly 7 are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the zoom lens group 3 is arranged on the light path between the second reflecting mirror 6 and the secondary imaging lens group 4 and can cut in and out the light path.
The zoom lens group 3 cuts into a light path, incident light rays are refracted to the rear fixed lens group 2 through the first reflector 5 after passing through the front fixed lens group 1, the light rays are converged to the second reflector 6 through the rear fixed lens group 2, the light rays are refracted to the zoom lens group 3 through the second reflector 6 for the second time, and the light rays reach the long-wave infrared detector component 7 after passing through the secondary imaging lens group 4, and at the moment, the imaging of the long-wave infrared lens in a small view field is realized. The zoom lens group 3 cuts out a light path, incident light rays pass through the front fixed lens group 1 and then are subjected to light ray refraction by the first reflector 5 to the rear fixed lens group 2, the light rays are converged to the second reflector 6 by the rear fixed lens group 2, the light rays are secondarily refracted to the secondary imaging lens group 4 by the second reflector 6 and then reach the long-wave infrared detector assembly 7, and at the moment, large-field imaging of the long-wave infrared lens is achieved.
The long-wave infrared zoom lens is suitable for a long-wave infrared band of 7.7-9.5 microns, and achieves passive heat difference elimination design within the working temperature range of-40-60 ℃.
In order to realize achromatism and passive athermalization, the front fixed lens group 1 comprises a first front fixed lens 11 and a second front fixed lens 12, the focal power of the front fixed lens group is more than 0.002 and less than 0.003, wherein the first front fixed lens 11 and the second front fixed lens 12 are respectively made of chalcogenide glass material and ZnSe material with smaller refractive index/temperature coefficient, and the object side surface of the second front fixed lens 12 is an aspheric surface.
In order to realize achromatism and passive athermalization, the rear fixed lens group 2 comprises a rear fixed lens, the focal power of the rear fixed lens group is less than-0.009 and-0.01 < the rear fixed lens group, the rear fixed lens is made of chalcogenide glass material, and the image side surface of the rear fixed lens is an aspheric surface.
In order to realize achromatism and passive athermalization, the zoom lens group 3 comprises a first zoom lens 31 and a second zoom lens 32, the focal power of the zoom lens group is more than 0.015 and less than 0.03, the first zoom lens 31 and the second zoom lens 32 respectively adopt chalcogenide glass and single crystal germanium, and the image side surface of the second zoom lens 32 is an aspheric surface.
In order to realize achromatic color and passive athermalization, the secondary imaging lens group 4 comprises a first imaging lens 41, a second imaging lens 42 and a third imaging lens 43, the power of the secondary imaging lens group is more than 0.045 and less than 0.055, the materials of the first imaging lens 41, the second imaging lens 42 and the third imaging lens 43 are all made of chalcogenide glass materials, and the object-side surface of the first imaging lens 41, the object-side surface of the second imaging lens 42 and the image-side surface of the third imaging lens 43 are aspheric.
The first reflector 5 and the second reflector 6 have the function of folding the light path, incident light rays are bent twice through the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 6, the light path is folded in a U shape, the length of the long-wave infrared lens is shortened, the lens is small in size and compact in structure, the lens is miniaturized, and materials of the lens can be selected from common visible light glass materials such as optical glass HK9L, common infrared crystal materials and metal materials.
The lens cone material of the invention is preferably common aluminum alloy without other special materials, and has better image quality within minus 40 ℃ to 60 ℃. Other materials with better thermal expansion coefficients may be used in order to achieve more excellent design results.
The long-wave infrared detector component 7 has the F number of 2.5, the pixel array of 640 multiplied by 512 and the pixel size of 15 mu m.
In order to realize achromatization and passive athermalization of the long-wave infrared lens, the following conditions should be met by all parameters in the system:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the focal power of each lens;
the focal power of the long-wave infrared zoom lens; v. ofiThe dispersion coefficient of each lens;
is the focal length change of the lens material caused by the refractive index/temperature coefficient dn/dt; a isLIs the coefficient of thermal expansion of the barrel material, and L is the barrel length.
In order to improve the imaging quality of the optical system, the present embodiment includes 6 aspherical surfaces without using a diffraction surface. The long-wave infrared lens can realize optical passive heat difference elimination, the temperature application range is-40-60 ℃, and the adopted thermal expansion coefficient of the lens barrel is 236 multiplied by 10-7The aluminum alloy material of/K. Fig. 3 to 8 show the optical transfer functions of the long-wave infrared lens with large visual field and small visual field at normal temperature of 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively, which are close to the diffraction limit, and realize the passive heat dissipation design. The imaging lens is suitable for long-wave infrared bands (7.7-9.5 mu m); the long-wave infrared lens has the F number of 2.5, the maximum caliber of less than 130mm, the field angle of 3.36 degrees multiplied by 2.70 degrees/1.68 degrees multiplied by 1.35 degrees, the zoom ratio of 2 multiplied by 2 x, and belongs to the cut-in/cut-out type zoom, and the total lens length is constant before and after the field of view is switched.
Claims (4)
1. A switching type zooming heat difference eliminating type long-wave infrared zoom lens is characterized in that: comprises a lens cone, a front fixed lens group (1), a first reflector (5), a rear fixed lens group (2), a second reflector (6), a zoom lens group (3), a secondary imaging lens group (4) and a long-wave infrared detector component (7) which are arranged in the lens cone;
the front fixed mirror group (1), the first reflector (5), the rear fixed mirror group (2), the second reflector (6), the secondary imaging mirror group (4) and the long-wave infrared detector assembly (7) are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the zoom mirror group (3) is arranged on the light path between the second reflector (6) and the secondary imaging mirror group (4) and can cut in and out the light path;
the zoom lens group (3) is cut into a light path, incident light rays are refracted to the rear fixed lens group (2) through the first reflector (5) after passing through the front fixed lens group (1), the light rays are converged to the second reflector (6) through the rear fixed lens group (2), the second reflector (6) refracts the light rays to the zoom lens group (3) for the second time, and the light rays reach the long-wave infrared detector component (7) after passing through the secondary imaging lens group (4), so that small-field imaging of the long-wave infrared zoom lens is realized;
a light path is cut out by the zoom lens group (3), incident light rays pass through the front fixed lens group (1) and then are refracted to the rear fixed lens group (2) by the first reflector (5), the light rays are converged to the second reflector (6) by the rear fixed lens group (2), the second reflector (6) refracts the light rays to the secondary imaging lens group (4) for the second time and then reach the long-wave infrared detector assembly (7), and therefore large-field imaging of the long-wave infrared zoom lens is achieved;
the front fixed lens group (1) comprises at least two lenses, chalcogenide glass and ZnSe materials are respectively selected as the lens materials, and the focal power of the front fixed lens group is more than 0.002 and less than 0.003;
the lens material of the rear fixed lens group (2) is chalcogenide glass material, and the focal power of the rear fixed lens group is less than-0.009 and is less than-0.01;
the zoom lens group (3) comprises at least two lenses, the lens materials are a chalcogenide glass material and a single crystal germanium material respectively, and the focal power of the zoom lens group is more than 0.015 and less than 0.03;
the lens material of the secondary imaging lens group (4) is a chalcogenide glass material, and the focal power of the secondary imaging lens group is more than 0.045 and less than 0.055;
the lens parameters satisfy the following conditions:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the focal power of each lens;
the focal power of the long-wave infrared zoom lens; v. ofiThe dispersion coefficient of each lens;
is the focal length change of the lens material caused by the refractive index/temperature coefficient dn/dt; a isLIs the coefficient of thermal expansion of the lens barrel material, and L is the lens barrel length;
the first reflector (5) and the second reflector (6) are made of infrared crystal materials and metal materials;
the front fixed lens group (1) comprises a first front fixed lens (11) and a second front fixed lens (12), and the object side surface of the second front fixed lens (12) is an aspheric surface;
the rear fixed lens group (2) comprises a rear fixed lens, and the image side surface of the rear fixed lens group is an aspheric surface;
the zoom lens group (3) comprises a first zoom lens (31) and a second zoom lens (32), and the image side surface of the second zoom lens (32) is an aspheric surface;
the secondary imaging lens group (4) comprises a first imaging lens (41), a second imaging lens (42) and a third imaging lens (43), and the object side surface of the first imaging lens (41), the object side surface of the second imaging lens (42) and the image side surface of the third imaging lens (43) are all aspheric surfaces.
2. Switched zoom cancellation as claimed in claim 1Thermal difference type long-wave infrared zoom lens is characterized in that: the lens barrel material is made of a material with a thermal expansion coefficient of 236 multiplied by 10-7The general aluminum alloy of (1).
3. The switched-zoom athermalized long-wave infrared zoom lens of claim 2, wherein: the pixel array of the long-wave infrared detector assembly (7) is 640 multiplied by 512, the pixel size is 15 mu m, and the F number is 2.5.
4. The switched-zoom athermalized long-wave infrared zoom lens of claim 3, wherein: the long-wave infrared zoom lens has the F number of 2.5, the maximum caliber of less than 130mm, the field angle of 3.36 degrees multiplied by 2.70 degrees/1.68 degrees multiplied by 1.35 degrees, and the zoom ratio of 2 multiplied by 2.
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