CN111363521A - Preparation method of environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid - Google Patents
Preparation method of environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN111363521A CN111363521A CN202010371277.0A CN202010371277A CN111363521A CN 111363521 A CN111363521 A CN 111363521A CN 202010371277 A CN202010371277 A CN 202010371277A CN 111363521 A CN111363521 A CN 111363521A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
- C09K3/185—Thawing materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid snow-melting agents, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the sugar-containing reaction liquid to obtain fermentation liquid; (2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate; (3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution; (4) and (3) under the condition of stirring, adding plant ash or limestone into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) for reaction, filtering to obtain clear solution, and adding sodium citrate and urea into the clear solution to obtain a target product. The environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid prepared by the method has good use effect, and can generate a production chain of high-sugar organic wastewater enterprises by lengthening wine enterprises or starch enterprises and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid snow-melting agents, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid.
Background
The safety of vehicle travel on a highway is closely related to the conditions of the highway itself. The running safety of vehicles can be seriously influenced by the flatness, accumulated water, icing state and the like of the road, wherein the accumulated snow and the icing of the road have the greatest threat to the running safety. Because the road surface is covered with ice and snow, the adhesion capability of tires and the ground is reduced, and vehicles are difficult to control, so that traffic accidents on the road frequently occur, and the personal safety and the property safety of people are seriously threatened. At present, snow melting agent is spread as a main snow removing mode, wherein the chlorine salt snow melting agent is used by more countries and regions due to the fact that the price is substantial and the snow melting speed is high. However, a large amount of chlorine salt in the snow-melting agent has great influence on the road surface and the surrounding environment after snow melting, and a statistical report shows that if the dosage of the chlorine salt used for melting snow reaches 1000 million tons per year, the snow-melting agent causes the loss of 29 hundred million-59 hundred million dollars on roads and vehicles, and causes the loss of 0.75 hundred million-1.5 million dollars on parking lots, thereby causing 5-10% of plant diseases and even withering.
The harm of the chlorine salt snow-melting agent to the environment and facilities is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. and (3) denudation effect on a concrete pavement. The damage mainly includes physical damage and chemical corrosion to the concrete. The influence on steel bars in bridge concrete is more serious, the service life of the bridge is greatly shortened, according to related data reports, many overpasses built in Tianjin city according to the 50-year service life standard are built for more than ten years, and salt water generated by snow melting in winter permeates into lower layers, so that concrete members such as beam heads, cap beams and the like are cracked, peeled off, the steel bars are exposed and rusted, and meanwhile, partial bridge cables are damaged.
2. The plant has the problems of 'water drought' or 'salt stress' and the like.
The phenomenon that green plants die due to high soil salinity and water shortage caused by the use of a large amount of the chlorine salt snow-melting agent is increased day by day. Generally, plants have sensitive physiological responses to salinization, which are shown to influence normal growth of the plants, and are essentially the contrast between the water environment of external soil and the water osmotic potential of the plants, so that cells lose water until the cells die. Because of the excessive salt content, the plant is difficult to absorb water. In severe cases, water in plant tissues can produce osmotic stress (salt stress), i.e., extravasation, causing physiological drought, resulting in inhibition of physiological processes such as growth and photosynthesis.
Salt stress inhibits seed germination, an important factor that prevents crop seedling establishment on saline soils. Experiments of the effect of the chlorine salt snow-melting agent on the germination of the corn and wheat seeds show that the inhibition effect on the germination of the crop seeds is in a remarkably rising trend along with the increase of the treatment concentration of the chlorine salt snow-melting agent. In addition, certain ions in the snow melt agent can also produce toxic effects on plants.
In recent years, with the gradual appearance of the side effects of the chlorine salt snow-melting agent, the relevant indexes of the snow-melting agent in China are more and more emphasized, the research and development and the use of chlorine-free snow-melting materials are vigorously advocated, and the snow-melting agent can better avoid the damage to the environment and road facilities and belongs to an environment-friendly material which can be actively popularized. However, a large part of snow-melting agent products are restricted by factors such as yield, particularly price and the like, and even if the snow-melting effect is obvious, the snow-melting agent products are difficult to be widely popularized and used. For example, CMA snow-melting agents and plant-based snow-melting agents are recommended for use because of their excellent environmental protection and snow-melting effects, but their high prices are prohibitive for many use units.
Waste liquid treatment is a problem that production enterprises are always headache. The yellow serofluid is waste liquor formed by sinking part of water dissolved with various substances in fermented grains into a bottom layer in the white spirit produced by solid state fermentation for about one month, and the fermentation period of the strong aromatic white spirit is even longer. The normally fermented yellow serofluid is brownish yellow, is viscous turbid liquid, and has sour and astringent smell and special odor. Generally, the daily yellow pulp yield of a winery producing ten thousand tons of yellow pulp every year is about 10 t. The concentration of organic pollutants in the yellow serofluid is very high, which causes huge waste of food resources without treatment and seriously pollutes water bodies when discharged into rivers. Actually, yellow serofluid is a high-concentration organic wastewater with good biodegradability, has complex components, and contains a large amount of water-soluble organic substances, such as proteins, starch, sugar (carbohydrate), polyols, organic acids, aldehydes, esters and solid matters, various microorganisms such as butyric acid bacteria, caproic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes, autolysates thereof, tannin, pigments and the like. The general composition is: 0.08-0.27% of protein, 20-45 g/L of starch, 53.2-54 g/L of total sugar, 0.9-30.6 g/L of total ester and 1.2-53.4 g/L of total acid. Yellow serofluid is not high in utilization rate in common white spirit enterprises at present, most of the enterprises directly discharge the yellow serofluid as waste water, and a part of available component substances are wasted. Not only does this increase the production cost of enterprises, but also the bad treatment can cause environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid. The environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid prepared by the method is prepared by taking yellow serofluid of a liquor factory as a main raw material and carrying out the working procedures of pretreatment, biochemical treatment, separation and purification of a charging reactor and the like on waste liquid, so that the resource reutilization is effectively improved, the purposes of changing waste into valuable, reducing emission and improving efficiency are realized, the road surface damage and the accessory facility damage can be effectively reduced, the road operation cost is reduced, and the cost for removing ice and snow on the road surface in winter is reduced.
The realization process of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the sugar-containing reaction liquid to obtain fermentation liquid;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution;
(4) adding plant ash or limestone into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) under the condition of stirring for reaction, filtering to obtain clear solution, and adding sodium citrate and urea into the clear solution under the condition of stirring to obtain a target product.
Further, in the step (1), the sugar-containing reaction solution contains monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
Further, in the step (1), the sugar-containing reaction solution is selected from any one or a mixture of several of yellow serofluid, starch wastewater, papermaking wastewater, glucose solution, starch suspension and cellulose suspension.
Further, in the step (1), the pH value of anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is 25-38 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the concentration of acetic acid in the concentrated solution is 20-30% by mass.
Further, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the plant ash or limestone to the concentrated solution is 1: (2-5).
Further, in the step (4), the volume-to-mass ratio of the clear liquid to the sodium citrate and the urea is 100 mL: 1: (1.2-2.67) g.
Further, under the stirring condition, adding plant ash or limestone into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (4) for reaction for 30-60 min, wherein the stirring speed is less than or equal to 60 revolutions per minute.
Further, an internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank is used in the anaerobic fermentation process in the step (1), the filter in the step (2) is selected from a bag filter, and an organic acid membrane method liquid separation and concentration device is used in the organic acid membrane method liquid separation and concentration process in the step (3).
The invention has the following positive effects:
the environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid prepared by the method has a good using effect, can be used for producing a production chain of a high-sugar organic wastewater enterprise by lengthening a brewing enterprise or a starch enterprise and the like, collecting and treating yellow serous water waste liquid or starch waste liquid and the like in a centralized manner, and is connected to the preparation process of the snow-melting agent in an extending manner, so that the measures are not only helpful for the enterprise to realize energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can meet the use requirements of the snow-melting agent in winter of traffic and transportation units in a certain peripheral area. Therefore, the snow-melting deicing fluid is environment-friendly, does not harm roadbeds and other infrastructure, and is worthy of being popularized and applied vigorously due to low cost of raw materials, simple preparation process and low price of finished products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow for preparing an environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid from yellow serofluid according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of anaerobic fermentation;
FIG. 3 is an external view of an anaerobic reaction tank;
FIG. 4 is an external view of a bag filter;
FIG. 5 is an external view of an apparatus for separating and concentrating a liquid by an organic acid membrane method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the yellow serofluid to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 30%;
(4) under the condition of stirring, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, and plant ash is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: 2, reacting at room temperature for 40min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 60 revolutions per minute under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 2.5g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the No. 1 snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 2
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the yellow serofluid to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 30%;
(4) under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, limestone is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: 2, reacting at room temperature for 40min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 60 revolutions per minute under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 2.5g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the No. 2 snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 3
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the papermaking wastewater to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 25-28 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 20%;
(4) under the condition of stirring, the stirring speed is 50 r/min, and plant ash is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: and 5, reacting at room temperature for 60min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 50 r/min under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 2.67g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 4
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the starch wastewater to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 30-32 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 25%;
(4) under the condition of stirring, the stirring speed is 40 r/min, and plant ash is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: and 4, reacting at room temperature for 30min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 40 r/min under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 1.2g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 4
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the glucose solution to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 28%;
(4) under the condition of stirring, the stirring speed is 40 r/min, and plant ash is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: and 3, reacting at room temperature for 50min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 40 r/min under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 1.5g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 5
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on a mixed solution of the cellulose suspension and the glucose solution to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 30%;
(4) under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is 20 r/min, and plant ash is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 3: and 10, reacting at room temperature for 40min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 20 r/min under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 2g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the clear liquid is completely dissolved to obtain the snow-melting and deicing liquid.
Example 6
The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the starch suspension to obtain fermentation liquor, wherein the pH value of the anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the mass percentage of the acetic acid concentration in the concentrated solution is 30%;
(4) under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is 10 r/min, limestone is added into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the concentrated solution is 1: 2, reacting at room temperature for 40min, filtering to obtain clear liquid, stirring at the speed of 10 r/min under the stirring condition, adding 1g of sodium citrate and 2.56g of urea into each 100mL of the clear liquid, and stirring until the sodium citrate and the urea are completely dissolved to obtain the snow-melting and deicing liquid.
The anaerobic fermentation in the method belongs to the pretreatment process of waste liquid, and the anaerobic fermentation is carried out by using the internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank, and the internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank has the advantages of simple equipment, high treatment capacity, changeable scale, low operation cost and suitability for discontinuous and seasonal operation. Before introducing sugar-containing reaction liquid such as yellow serofluid, starch wastewater and the like into the internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank, anaerobic flora sludge is inoculated in the tank, and the starting stage is completed.
The fermentation process has three stages of hydrolysis, acidification and acetic acid production:
① hydrolysis
In wastewater treatment, hydrolysis refers to biochemical reactions that take place extracellularly, before the organic substrate enters the cell. In the hydrolysis stage, the high molecular weight organic substance cannot permeate cell membranes due to its relatively large molecular weight, and therefore cannot be directly utilized by bacteria. Therefore, insoluble complex macromolecular organic substances (protein, starch and fat) in the wastewater are hydrolyzed by extracellular enzymes of bacteria into small soluble organic substances (glucose, amino acids, glycerol, various soluble organic substances and the like). For example, cellulose is hydrolyzed by cellulase to cellobiose and glucose, starch is decomposed by amylase to maltose and glucose, protein is hydrolyzed by protease to short peptides and amino acids, etc., and the hydrolysate of these small molecules can be dissolved in water and permeate cells to be utilized by cells.
② acidifying
Acidification is a typical fermentation process, i.e., acidogenic fermentation. Acidification is a biodegradation process of organic substrates, i.e. acting as electron acceptor and also electron donor. During the acidification process the soluble organics are converted to end products with predominantly volatile acids. In the acidification stage, hydrolysate is taken into cells through fermentation bacteria, and a series of biochemical reactions are carried out to promote the generation of more short-chain fatty acids.
③ acetogenic stage
At this stage, the product of the last step is further converted into acetic acid, carbonic acid, hydrogen and new cellular material.
The purpose of the anaerobic fermentation measure is to convert insoluble substances in the wastewater into soluble substances, convert microorganism refractory substances into biological degradable substances and finally convert the substances into organic acid, and the method can greatly reduce the COD and Cr values of the wastewater. And (3) carrying out anaerobic biological treatment by using an internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH value of yellow serofluid to 6-8, and simultaneously controlling the temperature to provide a suitable activity environment for high-activity anaerobic bacteria, wherein the conventional temperature is 25-38 ℃. The process chemistry is shown in figure 2.
In the method, the fermentation liquor is poured into a bag filter for treatment, and aims to remove suspended matters in the liquid and obtain the liquid with lower turbidity. And concentrating the filtrate by adopting an organic acid membrane liquid separation and concentration technology until the concentration of acetic acid reaches 20-30% by mass. The method can not only improve the quality of target products and reduce the cost consumption, but also save energy and reduce environmental pollution.
The environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid prepared by the method is sprayed on a road surface with accumulated ice and snow, and the ice and snow can be melted in a solution formed by the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid and water. The principle is that the ion concentration in the solution is increased to reduce the liquid phase vapor pressure of water, but the solid vapor pressure of ice is not changed, so that the ice needs to be dissolved into a liquid state to ensure that the solid-liquid vapor pressure of the ice-water mixture is equal, and the relative snow-melting and ice-melting capacity can reach more than 100 percent.
The invention can use white spirit yellow serofluid or starch waste water and the like as the sugar-containing reaction liquid to prepare the snow-melting and deicing liquid, on one hand, the invention can well solve the contradiction between smooth snow-melting and deicing protection of roads in winter and environmental protection and avoid harming infrastructure, on the other hand, the invention can effectively improve resource recycling, thereby reducing the cost of raw materials, achieving the purpose of easy popularization, really achieving low material cost, green and pollution-free preparation and use processes and having important social value. According to statistics of the using condition of the snow-melting agent every year in China, the snow-melting agent has huge product demand and good market prospect, and has very good economic benefit.
The device parameters used in the present invention are as follows (other devices with related functions may be used in addition to the following devices, which are only examples): (1) the internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank uses an ic anaerobic reactor, as shown in figure 3, the manufacturer is Shandong brocade mountain river environmental engineering Limited company, the equipment system consists of five parts, namely a mixing area, a granular sludge bulking area, a deep processing area, an internal circulation system and an effluent water removing area, and the core part consists of a water distributor, a lower three-phase separator, an upper three-phase separator, a lifting pipe, a mud-water return pipe, a gas-liquid separator, a tank body and an overflow system; (2) the bag filter is a flying tide BVM bag filter, see FIG. 4, the model is ILBE0402D10100B-VM, the number of filter bags is 8, the inlet and outlet caliber is 150-6%, and the volume is 450L (119 gal); (3) in the membrane separation process, organic acid membrane method liquid separation and concentration equipment is selected, the brand is a Renai membrane, the sieving capacity is 1t/h, and the total power of a motor is 1Kw, as shown in figure 5.
The performance test was as follows:
(1) test of Ice melting capability of snow and ice melting liquid
For the determination of the snow and ice melting capacity, the relative snow and ice melting capacities of the snow and ice melting liquid No. 1 prepared in the example 1 and the snow and ice melting liquid No. 2 prepared in the example 2 are determined to be more than 100% by referring to a method for determining the snow and ice melting capacity of a medium-sized snow melting agent in GB/T23851-2017 standard. The method comprises the following specific steps:
A. reagent:
calcium chloride dihydrate standard solution: the mass fraction is 29 percent
No. 1 snow-melting deicing fluid: the mass fraction is 29 percent
No. 2 snow-melting and deicing fluid: the mass fraction is 29 percent
B. Measurement Process
Respectively transferring 25.00mL of the test solution of the snow-melting deicing fluid No. 1 and No. 2 and the test solution of the calcium chloride into a 50mL beaker, placing the beaker in a cryostat at minus 10 +/-1 ℃ for 12 hours for later use. The beaker with the ice blocks was removed from the cryostat, wiped dry of water and ice on the outer wall, and weighed quickly to an accuracy of 0.1 g.
Taking out the snow-melting agent test solution in the cryostat, quickly pouring the snow-melting agent test solution into a beaker filled with ice blocks, and then putting the beaker back into the cryostat at minus 10 +/-1 ℃. After 0.5h the beaker was removed, the liquid was immediately poured and the beaker and remaining ice were quickly weighed. The operation steps of the calcium chloride solution are the same as those of the test solution of the snow-melting deicing fluid.
Relative snow and ice melting capacity of w1The calculation is performed according to the following formula:
w1＝[(m0-m1)/(m2-m3)]×100％
wherein: m is0-number of beakers and ice cubes mass/g without added snow melt agent test solution;
m1-the number of beaker and ice mass/g after pouring out the snow melt agent test solution and the melted ice;
m2-the number of beakers and ice cubes mass/g without calcium chloride solution added;
m3-the value of the mass of the beaker and the ice mass/g after pouring out the calcium chloride solution and the melted ice.
Through tests, the relative snow and ice melting capacity of the No. 1 snow and ice melting liquid is 233%, and the relative snow and ice melting capacity of the No. 2 snow and ice melting liquid is 207%.
(2) Test for corrosivity of snow-melting deicing fluid
Preparing a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 20%, a snow melting and deicing liquid No. 1 with the mass fraction of 20% and a snow melting and deicing liquid No. 2 with the mass fraction of 20%, respectively putting 200ml of the test solution and distilled water into four identical beakers, respectively putting four iron nails which are polished smoothly and have consistent sizes into the four beakers, standing, and observing the corrosion condition of the iron nails after 15 days: the sodium chloride solution turns yellow, the surfaces of the iron nails are rusted, the iron nails in the No. 1 snow-melting deicing liquid and the No. 2 snow-melting deicing liquid and the iron nails in the distilled water have almost no change in appearance, and the solution is clear and has no rusty substances. Therefore, the corrosivity of the two snow-melting deicing fluids prepared by the invention is far lower than that of a sodium chloride solution, and the two snow-melting deicing fluids can be used as low-corrosivity snow-melting agents for snow removal.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an environment-friendly snow-melting deicing fluid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the sugar-containing reaction liquid to obtain fermentation liquid;
(2) pouring the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) carrying out liquid separation and concentration on the filtrate obtained in the step (2) by an organic acid membrane method to obtain a concentrated solution;
(4) adding plant ash or limestone into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) under the condition of stirring for reaction, filtering to obtain clear solution, and adding sodium citrate and urea into the clear solution under the condition of stirring to obtain a target product.
2. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the sugar-containing reaction solution contains monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
3. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the sugar-containing reaction solution is selected from any one or a mixture of several of yellow serofluid, starch wastewater, papermaking wastewater, glucose solution, starch suspension and cellulose suspension.
4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the pH value of anaerobic fermentation is 6-8, and the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is 25-38 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the mass percentage of the concentration of the acetic acid in the concentrated solution is 20-30%.
6. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the mass ratio of the plant ash or limestone to the concentrated solution is 1: (2-5).
7. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the volume-to-mass ratio of the clear liquid to the sodium citrate and the urea is 100 mL: 1: (1.2-2.67) g.
8. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: under the condition of stirring, adding plant ash or limestone into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (4) for reaction for 30-60 min, wherein the stirring speed is less than or equal to 60 revolutions per minute.
9. The preparation method of the environment-friendly snow-melting and deicing fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the anaerobic fermentation process in the step (1) uses an internal circulation anaerobic fermentation tank, the filter in the step (2) is selected from a bag filter, and the liquid separation and concentration process by an organic acid membrane method in the step (3) uses liquid separation and concentration equipment by the organic acid membrane method.
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