CN111342684A - Single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and control method thereof - Google Patents

Single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN111342684A
CN111342684A CN202010304321.6A CN202010304321A CN111342684A CN 111342684 A CN111342684 A CN 111342684A CN 202010304321 A CN202010304321 A CN 202010304321A CN 111342684 A CN111342684 A CN 111342684A
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diode
switch tube
tube
power
voltage
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CN111342684B (en
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李优新
赵付立
李志忠
何源烽
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4291—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input by using a Buck converter to switch the input current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The application relates to a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and a control method thereof, which utilize a Buck topological circuit structure, an IGBT without an anti-parallel diode and a corresponding circuit control method to realize the function of single-phase three-level power factor correction in an inductive Current Continuous Mode (CCM); the Buck circuit topological structure is adopted to realize the step-down output, so that the requirement on the voltage stress of the post-stage equipment is reduced; the circuit can avoid the dead angle problem of the input current of the traditional Buck PFC, thereby achieving the effects of low total harmonic distortion, high power factor and efficient and stable work.

Description

Single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power factor correction, and particularly relates to a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and a control method thereof.
Background
Electronic switching power supply equipment connected to a power grid is a main source of current harmonics in the power grid, wherein higher harmonics can influence the power quality and transmission efficiency of the power grid and the safe operation of other equipment, and Power Factor Correction (PFC) is an effective method for inhibiting higher harmonic current and improving power factor and is an important component of medium-power and high-power electronic equipment. Which is more widely used as Active Power Factor Correction (APFC).
The conventional PFC circuit is represented by a Boost type Boost circuit, as shown in fig. 1, the Boost bridgeless PFC has a high output voltage, and has a high requirement on the voltage stress of a power device of a subsequent device, and a rectifier bridge at a front stage causes energy loss, and the on-state loss of a diode is particularly significant when the diode operates at low voltage and high power, which is not beneficial to improving the efficiency of a rectifier.
In order to solve the problem of Boost bridgeless PFC, some researchers have proposed Buck bridgeless PFC, as shown in fig. 2, which reduces the voltage stress requirement of the subsequent device by using a switching tube instead of a diode of a bridge arm to reduce the loss of a conduction path, but has a problem of dead angle of an input current, which deteriorates the harmonic wave and power factor value of the input current.
In summary, the existing PFC rectifier still has technical defects to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the invention provides a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and a control method thereof, so as to solve the defects of the conventional PFC rectifier.
The invention discloses a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier, which comprises:
the power circuit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a power inductor, a fast recovery diode, a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor;
the power switch tube and the fast recovery diode form a conduction unit which is connected between the input end and the first end of the power inductor through a neutral line;
the first switch tube and the second switch tube are not provided with anti-parallel diodes and respectively form two branches with the first filter capacitor and the second filter capacitor;
the drain electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch tube, and the source electrode of the second switch tube is connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube;
and the second end of the power inductor is respectively connected with the cathode of the first filter capacitor and the anode of the second filter capacitor and is also connected to the input end through a neutral line.
Preferably, the conducting unit includes a power switch tube, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode and a fourth diode, the first diode and the second diode are connected in series to form a first tube group, the third diode and the fourth diode are connected in series to form a second tube group, a cathode of the first diode and a cathode of the third diode are respectively connected to a drain of the power switch tube, an anode of the second diode and an anode of the fourth diode are respectively connected to a source of the power switch tube, the first tube group and the second tube group are respectively connected in parallel to two ends of the power switch tube, and the first tube group and the second tube group are located on different sides.
Preferably, the first switch tube and the second switch tube are both IGBTs without anti-parallel diodes.
Preferably, the power switch tube is an N-channel MOSFET with an anti-parallel diode.
On the other hand, the invention provides a control method of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling and operating the output voltage and the inductive current of a rectifier, and obtaining a plurality of PWM driving signals according to an operation result;
and S2, gating the corresponding PWM driving signal according to the polarity of the input voltage to control the on-off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube.
Preferably, step S1 includes:
carrying out error comparison on the sampling value of the output voltage and the reference voltage to obtain an error voltage;
summing the sampling values of the error voltage and the inductive current to obtain a first comparison value;
and comparing the first comparison value with the second comparison value to obtain a plurality of PWM driving signals, wherein the second comparison value is obtained according to integral operation of the error voltage.
Preferably, step S2 includes:
converting input voltage into small signals by using a voltage dividing resistor, enabling the small signals to enter an operational amplifier through a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode, and gating corresponding PWM (pulse width modulation) driving signals according to the level of the output level of the operational amplifier;
the output level of the operational amplifier has a unique corresponding relation with the polarity of the input voltage.
Preferably, step S2 further includes:
when the input voltage is in a positive half period and the power switch tube is turned off, the PWM driving signal of the second switch tube is gated to drive the second switch tube to be in a conducting state, and the second switch tube and the fourth diode of the conducting unit form a loop through the direct current bus and the filter capacitor.
Preferably, step S2 further includes:
when the input voltage is in a negative half period and the power switch tube is turned off, the PWM driving signal of the first switch tube is gated to drive the first switch tube to be in a conducting state, and the first switch tube and the third diode of the conducting unit form a loop through the direct current bus and the filter capacitor.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and the control method thereof, the circuit can avoid the problem of dead angles of input current of the traditional Buck PFC; only one power inductor is needed in the rectifier, so that the electromagnetic interference source is reduced, and the whole volume of the rectifier is reduced; the Buck circuit topological structure is adopted to realize the step-down output, so that the requirement on the voltage stress of the post-stage equipment is reduced; the conduction states of the switching tubes of different branches under different polarities of input voltage are controlled by gating control of the PWM driving signals, and the purposes of high power factor, cost reduction and high working efficiency are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Boost bridgeless PFC rectifier circuit
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Buck bridgeless PFC rectifier circuit
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control system of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an input voltage detection module of a control system of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a key signal of an input voltage detection module of a control system of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positive half cycle operation mode analysis of an input voltage of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positive half-cycle operation mode analysis of another input voltage of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an analysis of a negative half cycle operation mode of an input voltage of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a negative half-cycle operation mode analysis of an input voltage of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of simulated waveforms of input voltage and input current according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary simulated waveform of an output voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3 to 10, the present embodiment provides a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier and a control method thereof, the rectifier including:
power inductor L, N-channel power MOSFET S with antiparallel diode1IGBTS without antiparallel diode2And S3Fast recovery diode D1、D2、D3、D4Output filter capacitor Co1、Co2Load R;
the power switch tube and the fast recovery diode form a conduction unit which is connected between the alternating voltage input end and the first end of the power inductor L through a neutral line;
IGBT S2and output filter capacitor Co1Form a first branch, IGBT S3And output filter capacitor Co2Form a second branch, and the two ends of the load are respectively connected with the filter capacitor Co1Positive electrode and Co2The negative electrodes are connected;
the conducting unit comprises a power MOSFET S1Fast recovery diode D1、D2、D3、D4Diode D1、D2A first tube group and a diode D are connected in series3、D4A second tube group and a diode D are connected in series1Cathode and diode D3Respectively with the power MOSFET S1Is connected to the drain of the diode D2And diode D4The anodes of the first and second tube groups are respectively connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube, and the first and second tube groups are respectively connected with the power MOSFET S in parallel1The first tube group and the second tube group are arranged at different sides, and the alternating voltage input end is connected with the diode D1And D2A first terminal of the power inductor L and a diode D3And D4The cathode of the anode is connected;
IGBT S2and power MOSFET S1Is connected to the drain of IGBT S3Source and power MOSFET S1The source electrodes of the first and second transistors are connected;
second terminal of power inductor LAre respectively reacted with Co1Negative electrode and Co2Is connected to the ac voltage input via a neutral line.
Fig. 4 shows a control method for the single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier provided in this embodiment in a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), where the entire control system includes a main power circuit and a control circuit, the main power circuit is a rectifier part, and the control circuit includes an auxiliary power supply, an input voltage detection module, an output voltage sampling module, an inductive current sampling module, a driving circuit module, a PWM driving signal generation circuit module, a comparator, an adder, an integrator, and an error amplifier.
The output voltage sampling module obtains an input voltage V from the main power circuitinAn output voltage VoutInductor current ILThe sampled data of (a);
sampling value v of output voltageoAnd a reference voltage vrefObtaining an error voltage value v through an error amplifiermV is to bemSending the value into an adder and an inductive current sampling value imSumming to obtain V1One path of the value is sent to an integrator to be integrated to obtain V2Value of, finally V1And V2Sending the signal into a comparator to obtain a comparison result, and determining a PWM driving signal P by a PWM driving signal generating circuit module according to the comparison result1、P2Driving signal P1、P2For two complementary PWM signals, P1For controlling power MOSFET S1On/off of, P2For controlling IGBT S2And S3Make and break of (2).
Will input voltage VinSending the voltage to an input voltage detection module for judging the polarity of the input voltage, the input voltage detection module is shown in FIG. 5, and the AC input voltage V isinBy R1、R2And R3、R4Two-component voltage resistor converts input AC voltage into small signal AC, and resistor R2And R3Common ground; meanwhile, a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode (TVS) is added to play a role of protecting an operational amplifier (OPAMP) when the circuit is abnormal; the output can be judged by comparing two input ends of the OPAMPOut signal uinHigh or low, at VinWhen the positive half period is detected, the potential of the in-phase input end of the OPAMP is positive, the potential of the reverse end input end is negative, and the OPAMP outputs high level; on the contrary, in VinDuring the negative half cycle, the OPAMP outputs a low level to gate the corresponding driving circuit. The waveforms of the key signals of the input voltage detection module are shown in fig. 6.
VinWhen > 0, the driving circuit 2 outputs a driving signal
Figure BDA0002455175000000061
At this time, the drive circuit 3 does not output a drive signal; vinWhen < 0, the driving circuit 3 outputs a driving signal
Figure BDA0002455175000000062
At this time, the driving circuit 2 does not output a driving signal to turn on or off the corresponding IGBT S3And S2. The main power circuit can realize the purpose of power factor correction through the accurate control of the control circuit.
The circuit operation of the single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier provided in this embodiment in different operation modes is analyzed with reference to fig. 7 to 10, where the illustrated arrows indicate the current directions:
(1) working mode one, at which AC input VinIs a positive half cycle, i.e. Vin> 0, and a power MOSFET S1Conducting IGBT S without antiparallel diode2And S3In the off state, the input current flows through the fast recovery diode D1、D4Power MOSFET S1The power inductor L forms a loop through a neutral line, and energy is stored in the power inductor L at the moment; filter capacitor C for outputting direct current bus simultaneouslyo1、Co2The load R is energized during which the circuit operates as shown in fig. 7.
(2) Working mode two, at which AC input VinIs a positive half cycle, i.e. Vin> 0, and a power MOSFET S1When the circuit is turned off, the input voltage detection module can guide the output of the driving signal
Figure BDA0002455175000000063
So that IGBT S3Conducting, power MOSFET S1And IGBT S2When the power inductor L is in a turn-off state, the power inductor L releases energy, the inductor current linearly decreases, and the current passes through the direct current bus to output the filter capacitor Co2And IGBT S without antiparallel diode3Then through a fast recovery diode D4Form a loop to the filter capacitor Co2Charging is carried out; filter capacitor C for outputting direct current bus simultaneouslyo1、Co2The load R is energized during which the circuit operates as shown in fig. 8.
(3) Working mode three, at the moment, AC input VinIs a negative half cycle, i.e. Vin< 0 and a power MOSFET S1Conducting IGBT S without antiparallel diode2And S3In the off state, the input current flows through the fast recovery diode D2、D3Power MOSFET S1The power inductor L forms a loop through a neutral line, and energy is stored in the power inductor L at the moment; filter capacitor C for outputting direct current bus simultaneouslyo1、Co2The load R is energized during which the circuit operates as shown in fig. 9.
(4) Working mode four, at which AC input VinIs a negative half cycle, i.e. Vin< 0 and a power MOSFET S1When the circuit is turned off, the input voltage detection module can guide the output of the driving signal
Figure BDA0002455175000000064
So that IGBT S2Conducting, power MOSFET S1And IGBT S3When the power inductor L is in a turn-off state, the power inductor L releases energy, the inductor current linearly decreases, and the current passes through the direct current bus to output the filter capacitor Co1And IGBT S without antiparallel diode2Then through a fast recovery diode D3Form a loop to the filter capacitor Co2Charging is carried out; filter capacitor C for outputting direct current bus simultaneouslyo1、Co2The load R is energized during which the circuit operates as shown in fig. 10.
Based on the above analysis of the four working modes of the single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier provided by the present embodiment in the CCM mode, simulation software PSIM is also used for simulation, fig. 11 shows waveforms of ac input voltage and input current, and fig. 12 shows output voltage processed by the rectifier, it can be seen that through the application of the present embodiment, the output voltage can be rapidly stabilized at about 200V, the stabilization time is about 0.05s, and higher working efficiency is achieved; the IGBT without the anti-parallel diode does not have the problem of reverse cut-off when the diode continues current, thereby avoiding the current dead angle, greatly improving the power factor and reducing the total harmonic distortion.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier, comprising:
the power circuit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a power inductor, a fast recovery diode, a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor;
the power switch tube and the fast recovery diode form a conduction unit which is connected between an input end and the first end of the power inductor through a neutral line;
the first switch tube and the second switch tube are not provided with anti-parallel diodes and respectively form two branches with the first filter capacitor and the second filter capacitor;
the drain electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch tube, and the source electrode of the second switch tube is connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube;
and the second end of the power inductor is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the first filter capacitor and the positive electrode of the second filter capacitor and is connected to the input end through a neutral line.
2. The single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier of claim 1, wherein the conduction unit comprises:
the power switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode, the first diode and the second diode are connected in series to form a first tube group, the third diode and the fourth diode are connected in series to form a second tube group, the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the third diode are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the power switch tube, the anode of the second diode and the anode of the fourth diode are respectively connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube, the first tube group and the second tube group are respectively connected in parallel at two ends of the power switch tube, and the first tube group and the second tube group are located at different sides.
3. The single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier of claim 1, wherein said first switching tube and said second switching tube are both IGBTs without anti-parallel diodes.
4. The single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier of claim 1, wherein said power switching tube is an N-channel MOSFET with an anti-parallel diode.
5. A control method of a single-phase three-level Buck PFC rectifier comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling and operating the output voltage and the inductive current of a rectifier, and obtaining a plurality of PWM driving signals according to an operation result;
and S2, gating the corresponding PWM driving signal according to the polarity of the input voltage to control the on-off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step S1 includes:
carrying out error comparison on the sampling value of the output voltage and a reference voltage to obtain an error voltage;
summing the error voltage and the sampling value of the inductive current to obtain a first comparison value;
and comparing the first comparison value with a second comparison value to obtain a plurality of PWM driving signals, wherein the second comparison value is obtained according to integral operation of error voltage.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step S2 includes:
converting input voltage into small signals by using a voltage dividing resistor, enabling the small signals to enter an operational amplifier through a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode, and gating corresponding PWM driving signals according to the level of the output level of the operational amplifier;
the output level of the operational amplifier has a unique corresponding relation with the polarity of the input voltage.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the step S2 further comprises:
when the input voltage is in a positive half period and the power switch tube is turned off, the PWM driving signal of the second switch tube is gated to drive the second switch tube to be in a conducting state, and the second switch tube and the conducting unit form a loop through a direct current bus and a filter capacitor.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the step S2 further comprises:
when the input voltage is in a negative half period and the power switch tube is turned off, the PWM driving signal of the first switch tube is gated to drive the first switch tube to be in a conducting state, and the first switch tube and the conducting unit form a loop through the direct current bus and the filter capacitor.
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