CN111334752A - 一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法 Download PDF

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CN111334752A
CN111334752A CN202010128321.5A CN202010128321A CN111334752A CN 111334752 A CN111334752 A CN 111334752A CN 202010128321 A CN202010128321 A CN 202010128321A CN 111334752 A CN111334752 A CN 111334752A
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李志荣
李迎春
郭力铜
赵丹
魏耕
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Guangdong Huicheng Vacuum Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备的CrCN薄膜方法,属于表面处理领域。本发明采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术,在304不锈钢和高速钢工件上首先沉积金属Cr粘结层,然后沉积成分和硬度梯度变化的CrN硬质支撑层,最后沉积CrCN。该涂层总厚度为0.3‑5μm,硬度达到1668 HV,与工件的附着力5B,在钢丝绒摩擦实验中3000次无磨痕,耐腐蚀性能优良,在盐雾环境中768小时不生锈。可以作为腐蚀性介质中工作的结构的保护涂层,延长使用寿命。

Description

一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及表面处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法。
背景技术
随着科技的快速发展,对恶劣工况条件下服役的材料的需求与日俱增,因此对结构表面提供保护作用的涂层材料的性能也提出了更高的要求,特别是在防腐蚀和耐摩擦方面。新型防腐、耐磨涂层的典型代表就是CrN涂层,然而在使用过程中发现CrN涂层摩擦系数较高,难以满足某些特别环境下的要求。三元氮化物涂层中CrCN涂层因C原子固溶在CrN晶格中形成了不同于单纯CrN的结构,从而表现出更佳的防腐和耐磨性能。
现有制备CrCN薄膜的专利和文献多采用电弧离子镀。电弧离子镀离化率高,制备的薄膜致密,硬度高。但是电弧离子镀技术在镀膜过程中喷射出微米级的大熔滴数量较多,容易在薄膜表面形成大颗粒,增加了表面粗糙度,严重影响薄膜质量,这些大颗粒同时也是导致涂层失效的潜在位置。采用传统磁控溅射制备CrCN薄膜可以避免大颗粒形成,但是传统磁控溅射离化率低,制备的薄膜致密性差,容易形成孔洞,为腐蚀性介质侵入提供通道,影响薄膜的防腐性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题,就是提供一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其制备出CrCN薄膜表面平滑、硬度高、耐磨性好及具有极佳的耐腐蚀性能。
解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)准备:在镀膜室内安装平面Cr靶靶材;将清洗干净的工件固定在镀膜室内的转架上,将镀膜室抽真空并打开加热器将工件预热到20~500℃,开启转架旋转;
2)辉光清洗:向镀膜室通入惰性气体,调节气体流量使镀膜室中的气压达到0.1-10Pa,于工件上设置偏压-600到-1000V,占空比为30%-90%,对工件表面进行辉光清洗,同时活化工件表面;
3)沉积Cr膜:惰性气体气压调至0.1—1Pa,调节偏压使工件上偏压为0到-400V,占空比30%-90%,隨后打开HIPIMS电源,调节HIPIMS电源的峰值电压为1000-2000V,峰值电流为100-1000A,功率为1-20kW,脉冲时间50-1000μs,脉冲频率50-500Hz,开始沉积Cr膜,沉积时间为0.5-12h;
4)沉积CrN层:关闭惰性气体,向镀膜室内通入氮气50—150SCCM,镀膜时间为2--10min,在起镀5--10min之后,以1sccm/min的速率匀速增加氮气流量至100--1000sccm,沉积成份和硬度梯度变化的CrN层;
5)沉积CrCN层:当氮气流量到达设定最大值后,保持步骤(4)中其他参数不变,在10--20分钟之内将氮气流量由最大值匀速減少至20--90sccm;在此同时通入乙炔,乙炔流量在10--20分钟之内由0匀速变化达到50--200sccm;当氮气流量和乙炔流量分别达到设定值后,再保持镀膜30--60min,沉积CrCN功能层,冷却后取出工件。
所述工件为不锈钢或高速钢。
所述步骤1)中的平面Cr靶的纯度为99.5%及以上;所述的转架旋转速度为1-5r/min;
所述步骤2)中的惰性气体为氩气、氪气或氙气;所述气体流量为10-1000SCCM;
所述步骤5)中的乙炔流量为10-500SCCM。
所述的CrCN薄膜各层厚度为:Cr粘结层0.1-0.5μm,CrN硬质支撑层0.1-2.5μm,CrCN功能层0.1-2μm,薄膜总厚度0.3-5μm。
所述方法中用到的真空镀膜室设有一个真空腔1,腔内设有一个用来放置工件的垂直旋转的转架2,转架连接偏压电源,转架上吊挂工件;转架的一相对侧的一侧设有垂直的平面靶材3、另一侧开有废气孔连通真空泵4,另一侧设有进气管6,进气管连接一混气罐7,混气罐分别经气阀8和流量计9后接Ar、N2、C2H2和O2气源。
根据上述方案所得CrCN薄膜,它包括依次在工件表面附着的Cr粘着层、CrN硬质支撑层和CrCN功能层,其中Cr层厚度为0.1-0.5μm,CrN层厚度为0.1-2.5μm,CrCN层厚度为0.1-2μm,涂层总厚度为0.3-5μm。
与电弧离子镀和传统磁控溅射技术比较,本发明所采用的高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术,借助较高的脉冲峰值功率和较低的脉冲占空比,藉以提高靶材等离子体的离化率、能量和浓度,制备出的薄膜更致密,性能更优异。经检索,本发明采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备CrCN薄膜的具体工艺方法有突出的优越性,所制备的CrCN膜具有突出的耐磨性和耐蚀性,在某些工况下可用作防腐蚀涂层。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1.采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备的CrCN薄膜表面平整,结晶性好,硬度高,耐磨性能和抗腐蚀性能高,适用于腐蚀介质下工作的零部件的表面防护涂层;
2.纯Cr层具有很强的界面融合性能,能较好的连接金属工件和介质涂层,实现涂层与金属工件很高的结合强度;CrN硬质支撑层的成分和硬度梯度变化的设计有效地降低内外层硬度差异大引起的内应力,提高涂层的性能;
3.根据实验,所得涂层百格测试结合力5B,硬度1668HV,耐钢丝绒摩擦6000次无磨痕,酸性盐雾实验中抗腐蚀时间延长至768小时。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
图1为本发明所用到的HiPPMS镀膜设备示意图;
图2为本发明所得到的CrCN薄膜结构示意图;
图3为实施例1所得涂层的表面SEM图;
图4为实施例2所得涂层的表面SEM图;
图5为对比例1所得涂层的表面SEM图。
图中附图标记指代:
1-真空腔,2-转架,3-平面溅射靶材(外接HiPPMS电源),4-真空泵,5-偏压电源,6-进气管,7-混气罐,8-气阀,9-流量计;
101-工件,102-Cr层,103-CrN层(其中,靠102-Cr层的为CrN层,其上为N量渐增的梯度CrN层),104-CrCN层。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容。
本方法中用到的真空镀膜室设有一个真空腔1,腔内设有一个用来放置工件的垂直旋转的转架2,转架的一相对侧的一侧设有垂直的平面靶材3、另一侧开有废气孔连通真空泵4,转架外连偏压电源5、另一侧设有进气管6,进气管连接一混气罐7,混气罐分别经气阀8和流量计9后接Ar、N2、C2H2和O2气源。
实施例1
一种采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备的CrCN薄膜,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1.工件预处理。将高速钢工件放入丙酮、酒精和去离子水中各超声清洗10min,然后用氮气吹干,并固定在炉腔内的转架上;
2.辉光清洗。当镀膜室内真空度低于9×10-3Pa后,打开加热系统,升温至100摄氏度,设定转架公转转速为2r/min后启动转架,通入氩气,调节气压为0.8Pa,设置负偏压为-800V,占空比50%,进行氩离子辉光清洗力座
3.制备Cr粘结层。调低氩气流量,稳定气压为0.3Pa,设置负偏压-200V,占空比50%,开启HIPIMS电源,设置电源参数:峰值电压2000V,峰值电流500A,功率5kW,脉冲频率300Hz,脉冲时间500μs,制备Cr粘结层,沉积时间为30min;
4.CrN支撑层的制备。关闭氩气,保持其他参数不变,向镀膜室内通入80sccm氮气,镀缓冲层,镀膜时间5min,5min之后以1sccm/min的速率匀速增加氮气流量至135sccm。
5.CrCN功能层制备。当氮气流量到达135sccm后保持步骤(4)中其他参数不变,在10分钟之内以将氮气流量由135sccm匀速变化为35sccm,在此同时乙炔流量在10分钟之内由0匀速变化达到80sccm,当氮气流量和乙炔流量分别达到35sccm和80sccm后,再保持镀膜30min。
图2为所得薄膜剖视示意图,图3为本实施例工艺所得薄膜的SEM图,从图中可以看出,样品表面十分平整。
经测试,本实施例所得涂层硬度为1668HV,与基板的结合力为5B,耐钢丝绒摩擦测试大于6000次无痕迹,耐酸性盐雾测试768小时。
实施例2
一种采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备的CrCN薄膜,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)工件预处理。将高速钢工件放入丙酮、酒精和去离子水中各超声清洗10min,然后用氮气吹干,并固定在炉腔内的转架上;
(2)辉光清洗。当镀膜室内真空度低于9×10-3Pa后,打开加热系统,升温至100摄氏度,设定转架公转转速为3r/min后启动转架,通入氩气,调节气压为1Pa,设置负偏压为-700V,占空比70%,进行氩离子辉光清洗;
(3)制备Cr粘结层。调低氩气流量,稳定气压为0.4Pa,设置负偏压-150V,占空比50%,开启HIPIMS电源,设置电源参数:峰值电压2000V,峰值电流400A,功率3kW,脉冲频率200Hz,脉冲时间50μs,制备Cr粘结层,沉积时间为30min;
(4)CrN支撑层的制备。保持其他参数不变,向镀膜室内通入80sccm氮气,镀缓冲层,镀膜时间5min,5min之后以1sccm/min的速率匀速增加氮气流量至135sccm。
(5)CrCN功能层制备。保持步骤(4)中其他参数不变,在10分钟之内以将氮气流量由135sccm匀速变化为35sccm,同时乙炔流量在10分钟之内由0匀速变化达到80sccm,当氮气流量和乙炔流量分别达到35sccm和80sccm后,再保持镀膜30min。
图4为本对比例所得薄膜的SEM图,从图中可以看出,样品表面十分平整。
经测试,本实施例所得涂层硬度为1347HV,与基板的结合力为5B,耐钢丝绒摩擦测试6000次无摩擦痕迹,耐酸性盐雾测试500小时。
对比例1
一种采用阴极电弧离子镀制备的CrCN薄膜,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)工件预处理。将高速钢工件放入丙酮、酒精和去离子水中各超声清洗10min,然后用氮气吹干,并固定在炉腔内的转架上;
(2)辉光清洗。当镀膜室内真空度低于9×10-3Pa后,打开加热系统,升温至100摄氏度,设定转架公转转速为2r/min后启动转架,通入氩气,调节气压为0.8Pa,设置负偏压为-800V,占空比50%,进行氩离子辉光清洗;
(3)制备Cr粘结层。调低氩气流量,稳定气压为0.3Pa,设置负偏压-200V,占空比50%,开启弧电源,设置弧电源电流为100A,制备Cr粘结层,沉积时间为30min;
(4)CrN支撑层的制备。保持其他参数不变,向镀膜室内通入80sccm氮气,镀缓冲层,镀膜时间5min,5min之后以1sccm/min的速率匀速增加氮气流量至135sccm。
(5)CrCN功能层制备。保持步骤(4)中其他参数不变,在10分钟之内以将氮气流量由135sccm匀速变化为35sccm,同时乙炔流量在10分钟之内由0匀速变化达到80sccm,当氮气流量和乙炔流量分别达到35sccm和80sccm后,再保持镀膜30min。
图5为本对比例所得薄膜的SEM图,从图中可以看出,样品表面有液滴状的大颗粒存在。
经测试,本实施例所得涂层硬度为1210HV,与基板的结合力为5B,耐钢丝绒摩擦测试大于4000次无痕迹,但是耐酸性盐雾测试只有96小时。
从上述实例CrCN膜层测试结果对比可见,采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射比一般阴极电弧沉积的CrCN膜层表面更平滑,具有更优越的耐腐蚀性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:
1)准备:在镀膜室内安装平面Cr靶靶材;将清洗干净的工件固定在镀膜室内的转架上,将镀膜室抽真空并打开加热器将工件预热到20~500℃,开启转架旋转;
2)辉光清洗:向镀膜室通入惰性气体,调节气体流量使镀膜室中的气压达到0.1-10Pa,于工件上设置偏压-600到-1000V,占空比为30%-90%,对工件表面进行辉光清洗,同时活化工件表面;
3)沉积Cr膜:惰性气体气压调至0.1—1Pa,调节偏压使工件上偏压为0到-400V,占空比30%-90%,隨后打开HIPIMS电源,调节HIPIMS电源的峰值电压为1000-2000V,峰值电流为100-1000A,功率为1-20kW,脉冲时间50-1000μs,脉冲频率50-500Hz,开始沉积Cr膜,沉积时间为0.5-12h;
4)沉积CrN层:关闭惰性气体,向镀膜室内通入氮气50—150SCCM,镀膜时间为2--10min,在起镀5--10min之后,以1sccm/min的速率匀速增加氮气流量至100--1000sccm,沉积成份和硬度梯度变化的CrN层;
5)沉积CrCN层:当氮气流量到达设定最大值后,保持步骤(4)中其他参数不变,在10--20分钟之内将氮气流量由最大值匀速減少至20--90sccm;在此同时通入乙炔,乙炔流量在10--20分钟之内由0匀速变化达到50--200sccm;当氮气流量和乙炔流量分别达到设定值后,再保持镀膜30--60min,沉积CrCN功能层,冷却后取出工件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述工件为不锈钢或高速钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述步骤1)中的平面Cr靶的纯度为99.5%及以上;所述的转架旋转速度为1-5r/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述步骤2)中的惰性气体为氩气、氪气或氙气;所述气体流量为10-1000SCCM。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述步骤5)中的乙炔流量为10-500SCCM。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述的CrCN薄膜各层厚度为:Cr粘结层0.1-0.5μm,CrN硬质支撑层0.1-2.5μm,CrCN功能层0.1-2μm,薄膜总厚度0.3-5μm。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的制备CrCN薄膜的方法,其特征是:所述方法中用到的真空镀膜室设有一个真空腔(1),腔内设有一个用来放置工件的垂直旋转的转架(2),转架连接偏压电源(5),转架上吊挂工件;转架的一相对侧的一侧设有垂直的平面靶材(3)、另一侧开有废气孔连通真空泵(4),另一侧设有进气管(6),进气管连接一混气罐(7),混气罐分别经气阀(8)和流量计(9)后接Ar、N2、C2H2和O2气源。
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