CN111328656A

CN111328656A - Method for making production technical specification of green food highland barley

Info

Publication number: CN111328656A
Application number: CN202010340969.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何冰; 马长寿; 李子彦; 赵晓云; 吕瑛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-04-26
Filing date: 2020-04-26
Publication date: 2020-06-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of highland barley production, in particular to a method for formulating technical specifications of green food highland barley production. The method has scientific and reasonable steps, and establishes a planting range, a normative file, a production place environment, a yield index, a variety selection standard, a planting technical standard, a pest control technology and a harvest standard according to the national green food production regulation, so that the planted highland barley has high survival rate of emergence, vigorous growth, high yield and strong disease and pest resistance, can reduce the field management labor intensity and management cost, effectively improves the planting benefit of the highland barley, has rich nutrition and less pesticide residue, meets the production requirement of green food, and can achieve the health-care effects of improving body immunity, preventing hyperglycemia, delaying senility and preventing cancers after being eaten by people.

Description

Method for making production technical specification of green food highland barley

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of highland barley production, in particular to a method for making a technical specification of green food highland barley production.

Background

The highland barley is called "nai" in Tibetan language. Also called naked barley, rice barley, yuanmai and Huai wheat, are special types of barley, so they are called naked barley because of the separation of glumes and caryopses inside and outside and naked grains. The history of highland barley, the six-arris barley is the main history of barley cultivation in China as early as the west weeks (1100 years before the Gongyuan). Mainly distributed in the upstream of the yellow river and in arid desert areas in the northwest. The plateau people select, domesticate and cultivate wild common barley into highland barley, and the highland barley becomes grain and horse feed of local people. According to scientific testimony, Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the earliest region for cultivating highland barley in the world. In fact, highland barley is the name given by people in Qinghai-Tibet plateau to Qing-nature naked barley, and in other places of China, highland barley is called Yuanmai, naked barley or naked barley. Due to wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and stable yield, the planting area is gradually expanded to all parts of the country. Nowadays, the method is mainly distributed in the autonomous states of Ganzui and Abaca Tibetan in Tibet, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces, the autonomous states of Gansu Tibetan in Gansu province, and partial areas of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. It is not only the main food, fuel and livestock feed of Tibetan, but also the raw material for producing beer, medicine and health care products.

The highland barley is planted by adopting the highland barley production technology in the prior art, so that a large amount of nutrient substances required by the growth and development of the highland barley cannot be met, the highland barley cannot grow vigorously, the yield is low, and the economic benefit is poor; in the prior art, the highland barley is generally only treated by chemical agents for pest control, so that the planted highland barley cannot meet the production requirement of green food; in addition, the method for formulating the technical specification of the production of the green food highland barley in the prior art is complex in steps, scientific and reasonable, and does not formulate the planting range, the normative file, the production place environment, the yield index, the variety selection standard, the planting technical standard, the pest control technology and the harvest standard according to the national green food production specification, so that the planted highland barley has low survival rate of emergence, insufficient vigorous growth, low yield and poor pest and disease resistance, and simultaneously causes higher labor intensity and higher management cost of field management, seriously influences the planting benefit of the highland barley, produced highland barley grains have poor nutritional ingredients, more pesticide residues, do not meet the production requirements of green food, and have poor health care effect after people eat the highland barley grains.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for making the production technical specification of the green food highland barley, the steps are scientific and reasonable, the planting range, the normative file, the producing area environment, the yield index, the variety selection standard, the planting technical standard, the pest control technology and the harvest standard are made according to the national green food production specification, the survival rate of the seedling emergence of the planted highland barley is high, the highland barley grows vigorously, the yield is high, the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests is strong, the labor intensity and the management cost of field management can be reduced, the planting benefit of the highland barley is effectively improved, the produced highland barley grains are rich in nutrition and few in pesticide residue, the production requirement of green food is met, and the health care effects of improving body immunity, preventing hyperglycemia, delaying senility and preventing cancers can be achieved after people eat the highland barley grains so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for making the production technical specification of green food highland barley comprises the following steps:

s1, establishing a planting range, wherein the planting range is a region which has the characteristics of plateau continental climate and is suitable for cultivation;

s2, establishing a normative file, wherein the normative file conforms to the quality standard of the GB4404.1 crop seed cereal seed; environmental and technical conditions of NY/T391 green food producing areas; NY/T393 green food pesticide use criteria; NY/T394 green food fertilizer use guidelines; general guidelines for NY/T658 green food packaging; NY/T891 green food, barley and barley; NY/T1054 green food producing area environment investigation, monitoring and evaluation guide rules; NY/T1055 green food product inspection rules; NY/T1056 green food storage and transportation rule is established;

s3, establishing a producing area environment, wherein the producing area environment condition is in accordance with the requirement of NY/T391, namely the annual average temperature is more than 0 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature is more than 1400 ℃ which is more than or equal to 0 ℃, the water-irrigated land is selected to be a land block with flat land topography and convenient irrigation and drainage, and the dry land is selected to be a land block with thick soil plough layer, proper soil structure, good physicochemical properties and higher soil fertility;

s4, establishing a yield index, wherein the yield index is 3000 kg-4350 kg/hectare (200.00 kg-290 kg per mu) under the general water and fertilizer condition, and the yield is 4500 kg-6000 kg/hectare (300.00 kg-400 kg per mu) under the high water and fertilizer condition;

s5, establishing a variety selection standard, wherein the variety selection standard is to select a good variety registered by a national non-main crop variety, and the seed quality conforms to the regulation of GB 4404.1;

s6, formulating planting technical standards, wherein the planting technical standards comprise a land selection standard, a land preparation standard, a soil medicament treatment standard, a fertilization standard, a medicament seed dressing standard, a sowing standard and a field management standard;

s7, establishing a pest control technology, wherein the pest control technology comprises physical control, biological control and medicament control;

and S8, establishing harvest standards which comprise mechanical harvest standards and manual harvest standards.

Furthermore, the land selection standard is to select flat terrain, select rape and bean crops for rotation and avoid wheat crops as previous crops;

the land preparation standard is a land preparation area, the crops are turned over in time after being harvested in the first season, the tilling depth is more than or equal to 16.00 cm, harrowing, leveling and soil moisture collecting treatment are carried out in the last ten days of 10 months, harrowing and burying fertilizer or adopting mechanical fertilization are carried out immediately before sowing, and the land preparation standard is harrowed and buried fertilizer or adopting mechanical fertilization immediately in the spring ploughing area when soil is thawed;

the soil medicament treatment standard is that high-efficiency and low-toxicity chemical medicaments are mixed with water and stirred evenly to prepare liquid medicine, such as 0.20 kg of 40 percent of Avena missible oil and 15.00 kg of water, the liquid medicine is uniformly sprayed on the ground surface by a sprayer or is uniformly mixed with the medicament and sprayed on the ground surface by moist fine soil, and then raking is carried out, and the rake depth is 8.00 cm-10.00 cm, and pesticides are buried in a mixed mode;

the fertilization standard comprises an organic fertilizer fertilization standard and a fertilization amount standard;

the medicament seed dressing standard is to use 80% "402" antimicrobial agent of one ten thousandth of the amount of the green seeds before sowing to seed dressing or use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder of 0.4% of the amount of the green seeds before sowing to seed dressing or use 2% -3% quicklime water to soak the seeds for 30-50 minutes;

the sowing standard comprises a sowing quantity standard, a sowing mode standard and a sowing period standard;

the field management standard comprises a soil loosening and weeding standard, a chemical weeding standard and an additional fertilization standard.

Furthermore, the organic fertilizer application standard is that an organic fertilizer meeting the NY/T394 use criterion is used, and the use amount is 3T/hectare to 4.5T/hectare; the standard of the fertilizing amount is to reasonably match nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the fertility condition of the soil, 50-75 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each hectare (3.38-5.02 kg/mu) before sowing, 40-70 kg of phosphorus pentoxide is applied to each hectare (2.76-4.60 kg/mu), and then raking and burying fertilizers or mechanical fertilization is adopted, wherein 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied to the field fertilization, or 0.2% of urea solution is applied to the field fertilization according to the amount of 60-70 kg/mu.

Further, the seeding rate standard is 285 kg/hectare-315 kg/hectare (19.00 kg/mu-21.00 kg/mu);

the standard of the sowing mode adopts drill sowing, the row spacing is 15.00cm, and the depth of covering soil (the depth after land leveling) of seeds is 3.00cm-5.00 cm;

the sowing time standard is a period (3 last ten days-4 last ten days) suitable for the sowing time when the daily average air temperature stably passes 0 ℃.

Further, the soil loosening and weeding standard is to loosen and weed in time in the trefoil stage and remove tall grass in the booting stage;

the chemical weeding standard is that the gramineous weeds are prevented and removed by spraying with 0.75L/hectare to 0.9L/hectare of 6.9 percent big Biaoma aqueous emulsion and 300L of water in the 3-6 leaf period of the gramineous weeds from the 2 leaf period of the highland barley to the initial period of jointing; broad-leaved weeds are prevented and removed by spraying with 0.75L/hectare of 72 percent 2.4D butyl ester missible oil and 225L of water mixed with 30g of 75 percent tribenuron-methyl in the period of 3 leaves of Qinghai and nude;

the standard of topdressing is 14-17 kg/ha (0.92-1.15 kg/mu) of urea for topdressing in combination with soil loosening and weeding in the trefoil period; 50kg of monopotassium phosphate per hectare is used from the booting stage to the heading stage, 338kg of water per hectare to 450kg of water per hectare (0.30kg per mu, 22.50kg of water per mu to 30.00kg per mu) is added, 1 to 2 times of foliar spraying is carried out, 1kg of urea per hectare (1.00kg per mu) is added into a land block subjected to later stage fertilizer removal, and the fertilizer is mixed and sprayed to promote later stage grouting.

Further, the physical prevention and control is to soak seeds by using warm soup, and 20 to 30 yellow plates are hung per mu to be adhered to kill pests;

the biological control is to reasonably use biological pesticide and utilize natural enemy and sex attractant to control plant diseases and insect pests;

the prevention and control of the pesticide are carried out according to the requirements of NY/T393 green food pesticide use guidelines by adopting low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide, and preferably using biological agents.

Further, the step of soaking seeds in the warm soup is to soak the highland barley seeds before sowing in warm water at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for 30-40 minutes, and then the seeds are taken out and dried to be sowed.

Further, the mechanical harvesting standard is that a sunny day is selected in the yellow ripe period, and a combine harvester or a small-sized harvester is used for harvesting;

the manual harvesting standard is that 90% of plants in the whole field are yellow, and the plants are harvested in time when grains become hard, bundled and air-dried, and threshed after being air-dried.

Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

step one, weighing in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of livestock manure, 50-100 parts of poultry manure, 50-100 parts of plant straw, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 4-6 parts of yeast, 100 parts of water and 10-20 parts of trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper nutrient elements;

crushing the weighed plant straws into solid particles by a crusher;

step three, adding the solid particles, the weighed livestock manure, the poultry manure, the plant straws, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the saccharomycetes, the water and the trace element fertilizer containing the nutrient elements of boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred;

step four, taking out the materials uniformly stirred in the step three, putting the materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and fermenting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃;

taking the fermented materials in the step four out, uniformly spreading the fermented materials on a cement ground for insolation or drying the materials by adopting a dryer;

and step six, granulating the material dried in the step five by adopting a screw granulator to prepare the granular organic fertilizer.

In summary, the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

the highland barley is planted by adopting the production technology of the green food highland barley, a large amount of nutrient substances required by the growth and development of the highland barley can be met, so that the highland barley grows vigorously and has high yield, and the disease and insect pest control is carried out on the highland barley by adopting the organic combination of physical control, biological control and medicament control, so that the planted highland barley can meet the production requirement of green food; the method for establishing the production technical regulation of the green food highland barley has scientific and reasonable steps, establishes a planting range, a normative file, a production place environment, a yield index, a variety selection standard, a planting technical standard, a pest control technology and a harvesting standard according to the national green food production regulation, ensures that the planted highland barley has high seedling emergence survival rate, vigorous growth, high yield and strong disease and pest resistance, can reduce the labor intensity and the management cost of field management, effectively improves the planting benefit of the highland barley, produces highland barley grains with rich nutrition and less pesticide residue, meets the production requirement of green food, and can achieve the health-care effects of improving the body immunity, preventing hyperglycemia, delaying senility and preventing cancers after being eaten by people.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for making the technical specification of highland barley production as a green food according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.

Example 1

Preferably, the land selection standard is to select flat terrain, select rape and bean crops for rotation and avoid wheat crops as previous crops;

Preferably, the organic fertilizer application standard is to use an organic fertilizer meeting the NY/T394 use criterion, and the use amount is 3T/hectare to 4.5T/hectare; the standard of the fertilizing amount is to reasonably match nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the fertility condition of the soil, 50-75 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each hectare (3.38-5.02 kg/mu) before sowing, 40-70 kg of phosphorus pentoxide is applied to each hectare (2.76-4.60 kg/mu), and then raking and burying fertilizers or mechanical fertilization is adopted, wherein 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied to the field fertilization, or 0.2% of urea solution is applied to the field fertilization according to the amount of 60-70 kg/mu.

Preferably, the seeding rate standard is 285 kg/hectare-315 kg/hectare (19.00 kg/mu-21.00 kg/mu);

Preferably, the soil loosening and weeding standard is soil loosening and weeding in time in the three-leaf period, and tall grass is removed in the booting period;

Preferably, the physical prevention and control is to soak seeds by using warm soup, and 20 to 30 yellow plates are hung per mu to be adhered to kill pests;

the prevention and treatment of the pesticide are carried out according to the requirements of NY/T393 green food pesticide use guidelines, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is adopted, and biological agents are preferentially used, and the specific use method is shown in the following table:

control and requirement of plant diseases and insect pests

Preferably, the step of soaking seeds in the warm soup is to soak the highland barley seeds before sowing in warm water at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for 30-40 minutes, and then take out and air-dry the seeds for sowing.

Preferably, the mechanical harvesting standard is that a sunny day is selected in the yellow ripe period, and a combine harvester or a small-sized harvester is used for harvesting;

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

step one, weighing in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock manure, 50 parts of poultry manure, 50 parts of plant straw, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 4 parts of saccharomycetes, 100 parts of water and 10 parts of trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper nutrient elements;

crushing the weighed plant straws into solid particles by a crusher;

step four, taking out the materials uniformly stirred in the step three, putting the materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and fermenting for 10 days at the temperature of 25 ℃;

Example 2

The difference from the embodiment 1 lies in the preparation of the organic fertilizer, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of livestock manure, 80 parts of poultry manure, 80 parts of plant straws, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of saccharomycetes, 150 parts of water and 15 parts of trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper nutrient elements;

crushing the weighed plant straws into solid particles by a crusher;

step four, taking out the materials uniformly stirred in the step three, putting the materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and fermenting for 13 days at the temperature of 28 ℃;

Example 3

weighing the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of livestock manure, 100 parts of poultry manure, 100 parts of plant straw, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 6 parts of saccharomycetes, 200 parts of water and 20 parts of trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper nutrient elements;

crushing the weighed plant straws into solid particles by a crusher;

step four, taking out the materials uniformly stirred in the step three, putting the materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of 30 ℃;

The above examples 1-3 are all experimental planting of the same variety in the same area of Qinghai province (because the climate of Qinghai province has the characteristics of plateau continental climate) in China under the condition of common water and fertilizer, and the per mu yield of the planted highland barley is recorded as follows:

from the statistical record comparison and analysis in the table above, the embodiment 2 is the best embodiment, and it should be noted that the highland barley yield per mu of the above variety is difficult to reach the established yield index, i.e. the standard of 200.00 kg-290 kg per mu, under the general water and fertilizer conditions by adopting the planting method in the prior art, therefore, the highland barley is planted according to the green food highland barley production technical specification established by the invention, the yield per mu can be greatly improved, and the economic benefit is effectively improved.

In summary, the following steps: according to the method for establishing the production technical specification of the green food highland barley, the highland barley is planted by adopting the production technology of the green food highland barley, so that a large amount of nutrient substances required by the growth and development of the highland barley can be met, the highland barley is enabled to grow vigorously and have high yield, the economic benefit is effectively improved, and the highland barley is subjected to pest control by adopting the organic combination of physical control, biological control and medicament control, so that the planted highland barley can meet the production requirement of green food; the method for establishing the production technical regulation of the green food highland barley has scientific and reasonable steps, establishes a planting range, a normative file, a production place environment, a yield index, a variety selection standard, a planting technical standard, a pest control technology and a harvesting standard according to the national green food production regulation, ensures that the planted highland barley has high seedling emergence survival rate, vigorous growth, high yield and strong disease and pest resistance, can reduce the labor intensity and the management cost of field management, effectively improves the planting benefit of the highland barley, produces highland barley grains with rich nutrition and less pesticide residue, meets the production requirement of green food, and can achieve the health-care effects of improving the body immunity, preventing hyperglycemia, delaying senility and preventing cancers after being eaten by people.

In addition, the organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the physicochemical property and the biological property of soil, has a physiological regulation effect, can effectively improve the soil property, and further improves the survival rate and the yield of the highland barley.

In addition, it should be noted that the livestock manure comprises cow manure, sheep manure and pig manure, and the weight ratio of the cow manure, the sheep manure and the pig manure is 5: 2: 3; the poultry manure comprises chicken manure, duck manure and goose manure, and the weight ratio of the chicken manure to the duck manure to the goose manure is 4: 3: 3; the plant straws comprise wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws and soybean straws, and the weight ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws to the corn straws to the soybean straws is 3: 3: 2: 2.

the parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented by the prior art. The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for making the production technical specification of green food highland barley is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s4, establishing a yield index, wherein the yield index is 3000 kg-4350 kg/hectare under the condition of general water and fertilizer and 4500 kg-6000 kg/hectare under the condition of high water and fertilizer;

2. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the land selection standard is to select flat terrain, and rape and bean crop stubble is selected to avoid wheat crop stubble being used as previous stubble;

the standard of soil agent treatment is that high-efficiency and low-toxicity chemical agents are mixed with water and stirred evenly to prepare liquid medicine, the liquid medicine is uniformly sprayed on the ground surface by a sprayer or is uniformly mixed with wet fine soil and the liquid medicine is sprayed on the ground surface, and then a land leveler is used immediately, and pesticide is buried in the soil with the rake depth of 8.00 cm-10.00 cm;

3. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer application standard is that an organic fertilizer meeting the NY/T394 use criterion is used, and the use amount is 3T/hectare to 4.5T/hectare; the standard of the fertilizing amount is to reasonably match nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the fertility condition of the soil, 50-75 kg of pure nitrogen and 40-70 kg of phosphorus pentoxide are applied before sowing, and then raking and burying fertilizers or mechanical fertilization is adopted, wherein 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.2% of urea solution is adopted for fertilizing according to the amount of 60-70 kg/mu outside the roots.

4. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the standard of the seeding rate is 285 kg/hectare-315 kg/hectare;

the standard of the seeding mode adopts drill seeding, the row spacing is 15.00cm, and the depth of covering soil for the seeds is 3.00cm-5.00 cm;

the sowing time standard is a suitable sowing time which is a time when the daily average temperature stably passes 0 ℃.

5. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the soil loosening and weeding standard is to loosen and weed in time in the trefoil stage and remove tall grass in the booting stage;

the standard of topdressing is 14-17 kg/hectare of urea for combined scarification and weeding in the trefoil period; 50 kg/hectare of monopotassium phosphate is used from the booting stage to the heading stage, 338 kg/hectare of water is added to 450 kg/hectare, the foliage is sprayed for 1 to 2 times, 1 kg/hectare of urea is added to the land which is subjected to later period fertilizer removal, and the fertilizer is mixed and sprayed to promote later period grouting.

6. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the physical prevention and control is to soak seeds by using warm soup, and 20 to 30 yellow plates are hung per mu to be adhered with killing plates;

7. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: the step of soaking seeds in the warm soup is to soak the highland barley seeds before sowing in warm water at 50-55 ℃ for 30-40 minutes, and then the seeds are taken out and aired to be sowed.

8. The method for making the highland barley production technical specification of green food as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mechanical harvesting standard is that a sunny day is selected in the yellow ripe period, and a combine harvester or a small-sized harvester is used for harvesting;