CN111320921A - 一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料、耐磨防滑涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料、耐磨防滑涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料、耐磨防滑涂层及其制备方法。该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料包括A、B组分,A组分包括以下成分:2,4‑二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、表面改性纳米非晶火成岩、分散剂、光稳定剂;B组分包括以下成分:端氨基聚醚、二乙基甲苯二胺、N,N‑二甲基乙二胺、扩链剂、催化剂、表面改性微米非晶火成岩、触变剂、消泡剂、防老剂;A、B组分的质量比为(0.8‑1.2):(1.2‑0.8)。本发明将非晶火成岩极高的硬度和耐磨强度特性与聚脲的防护性能融为一体,在获得涂层有效耐磨防滑特性的同时可以有效保障涂层的力学强度和防护效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域,尤其涉及一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料、耐磨防滑涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
人在光滑的地板上行走运动,容易滑倒摔伤,因此地板的防滑耐磨性能极为重要。随着现代科学技术的发展,人造卫星、宇宙飞船、高速列车、汽轮机和发动机的叶轮、舰船的螺旋桨、水轮发电机的叶片以及船舶的甲板、建筑物的地板、路标漆等,都受到高速气流、砂石和水流的冲刷、机械力的作用,材料的磨损相当严重,为延长材料和机械的使用寿命,这些材料的表面就需要涂覆耐磨涂料。
非晶火成岩的耐磨性仅次于钻石,超过石英和氮化硅,且独具耐高温和耐低温性能(-269-650℃)、耐酸碱、抗氧化、抗辐射、绝热隔音、防火阻燃、过滤性好、抗压缩强度和剪切强度高,适应于各种环境下使用等优异性能。
聚脲是碳酸的聚酰胺,是由异氰酸酯组分与氨基化合物组分反应生成的一种弹性体物质。脲基团极性大,可以形成更多的氢键,因此聚脲的熔点比相应的聚酰胺要高,韧性也大,适于纺织纤维。聚脲涂料具有附着力强、耐摩擦、硬度强等特点。聚脲的出现,完全打破了传统的防腐和防护观念,为材料保护行业树立了一个更高的标准。聚脲涂层柔韧有余、刚性十足、色彩丰富,它致密、连续、无接缝,完全隔绝空气中水分和氧气的渗入,防腐和防护性能无与伦比。它同时具有耐磨、防水、抗冲击、抗疲劳、耐老化、耐高温、耐核辐射等多种功能,因此应用领域十分广泛,聚脲技术作为防护技术,主要用于防水、防腐、防冲磨和表面装饰四大领域。聚脲技术将为中国未来的大型基础设施的建设,如化工防护、管道防腐、海洋防腐、隧道防水、大坝维护、桥梁防护、基础加固、屋面种植、道具制作、护舷制造等,提供一种最先进的超重防腐、防水、耐磨和装饰材料以及最方便、快捷的施工。
尽管非晶火成岩具有极高的硬度和耐磨强度,聚脲具有优异的防护性能,但两者的结合可能出现界面相容问题,从而导致制得的涂层力学强度降低、耐久性差、耐磨防滑效果不佳,目前将非晶火成岩与聚脲结合制备耐磨防滑涂层的技术还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料、耐磨防滑涂层及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,所述非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料包括A组分和B组分,所述A组分中包括以下重量份的成分:
2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯250-300份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯160-220份、聚醚多元醇(优选聚醚多元醇2000P)380-450份、表面改性纳米非晶火成岩50-200份、分散剂10-100份、光稳定剂10-20份;
所述B组分中包括以下重量份的成分:
端氨基聚醚(优选端氨基聚醚D2000)600-750份、二乙基甲苯二胺180-250份、N,N-二甲基乙二胺80-150份、扩链剂(优选MOCA)40-80份、催化剂1-8份、表面改性微米非晶火成岩10-120份、触变剂10-20份、消泡剂3-8份、防老剂2-6份;
所述A组分和B组分的质量比为(0.8-1.2):(1.2-0.8)。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,所述表面改性纳米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
以重量份计,取50-200份纳米非晶火成岩,采用5-50份火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在30-50℃温度下活化反应10-60min,然后添加4-30份硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至30-60℃反应10-100min,得到表面改性纳米非晶火成岩。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,所述纳米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为85纳米,最大粒径小于150纳米,D90为70-100纳米。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,所述表面改性微米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
以重量份计,取50-200份微米非晶火成岩,采用5-50份火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在30-50℃温度下活化反应10-60min,然后添加4-30份硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至30-50℃反应60min,得到表面改性微米非晶火成岩。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,所述微米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为200微米,最大粒径小于250微米,D90为120-250微米。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,所述火成岩活化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:以重量份计,将1-10份氟化钠和1-10份浓硫酸加入1000份水中,搅拌溶解后得到所述火成岩活化剂。
上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,优选的,根据实际使用需求,B组分中还可以加入色浆。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明还提供一种耐磨防滑涂层,所述耐磨防滑涂层采用上述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备得到。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明还提供一种如上述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:底材基层处理、非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料喷涂、后处理、密封胶施工、面漆施工。
上述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,优选的,所述非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料喷涂在60-70℃的温度下进行,喷涂动压力为14~20MPa,静压力为17~21Mpa,聚脲喷涂设备优选JNJX-H5800。
上述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,优选的,所述底材基层处理是指先针对不同的底材进行底材表面处理,然后待底材完全干燥后,用堵缝料进行表面找平,待堵缝料固化后将需堵缝部位用角磨机磨平,清除掉表面的污物,刷涂或辊涂一道配套底漆;
所述表面处理具体为:针对木材底材,首先清除表面的灰尘,修补基层,结疤处打漆片,刮腻子,砂光机砂光,水砂纸打磨退光;
针对金属底材,首先将底材喷砂处理至Sa2.5级,对于焊缝等缺陷部位,用环氧腻子找平,使整个底材能够平滑过渡,待环氧腻子固化后用角磨机磨平,然后清洁底材,辊涂或刷涂两道配套底漆;
针对混凝土底材,对混凝土预制件进行抛丸处理,或者用角磨机、高压水枪等清除表面的灰尘、浮渣。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明采用氢氟酸活化和硅烷偶联剂改性相结合的技术对非晶火成岩表面进行活化改性处理,有效解决了非晶火成岩与聚脲之间的界面相容问题,将非晶火成岩极高的硬度和耐磨强度特性与聚脲的防护性能融为一体,在获得涂层有效耐磨防滑特性的同时可以有效保障涂层的力学强度和防护效果。
(2)采用本发明的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制得的耐磨防滑涂层,力学强度高、防护性能好,其质量指标的测试结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失小于9.0毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失小于20毫克;(2)摩擦系数大于0.8(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度大于10MPa;(4)断裂伸长率大于250%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa 30min不透水;(6)耐腐蚀介质,包括汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等。
(3)本发明的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,工艺流程短、成本低、操作简单,适于大规模化应用。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1:
一种本发明的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料包括A组分和B组分,A组分中包括以下成分:265g 2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、190g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、425g聚醚多元醇2000P、100g表面改性纳米非晶火成岩、30g分散剂、15份光稳定剂;B组分中包括以下成分:650g端氨基聚醚D2000、200g二乙基甲苯二胺E-100、100g N,N-二甲基乙二胺、60g扩链剂MOCA、3g催化剂、60g表面改性微米非晶火成岩、16g触变剂、5g消泡剂、5g防老剂;A组分和B组分的质量比为1﹕1。
其中,火成岩活化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:将5g氟化钠和5g浓硫酸加入1000mL水中,搅拌溶解后得到火成岩活化剂。
表面改性纳米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
取100g纳米非晶火成岩,采用10g火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在40℃温度下活化反应30min,然后添加8g硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至45℃反应60min,得到表面改性纳米非晶火成岩。选用的纳米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为85纳米,最大粒径小于150纳米,D90为70-100纳米。
表面改性微米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
将100g微米非晶火成岩,采用5g火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在40℃温度下活化反应30min,然后添加6g硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至45℃反应60min,得到表面改性微米非晶火成岩。选用的微米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为200微米,最大粒径小于250微米,D90为120-250微米。
一种本发明的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
首先将钢板底材喷砂处理至Sa2.5级,对于焊缝等缺陷部位,用环氧腻子找平,使整个底材能够平滑过渡,待环氧腻子固化后用角磨机磨平,然后清洁底材,辊涂或刷涂两道配套底漆,备用;将A、B组分按1︰1配比进行调配制得非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,采用JNJX-H5800聚脲喷涂设备进行喷涂,保温65℃,喷涂动压力为15MPa,静压力为20MPa,在钢板基材上反复喷涂6次,自然干燥,再经密封胶施工、面漆施工形成耐磨防滑涂层。
测试本实施例的耐磨防滑涂层的质量指标,结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失为4.1毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失为9.8毫克;(2)摩擦系数为0.92(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度为14.8MPa;(4)断裂伸长率为360%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa30min不透水;(6)耐腐蚀介质,包括汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等。
对比例1:
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料与实施例1的区别仅在于A组分中不加入表面改性纳米非晶火成岩,其余成分及含量与实施例1相同。
采用本对比例制得的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备耐磨防滑涂层,其余操作步骤与实施例1相同。
测试本对比例的耐磨防滑涂层的质量指标,结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失为11.2毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失小于21.4毫克;(2)摩擦系数为0.84(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度为8.9MPa;(4)断裂伸长率为186%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa 30min不透水;(6)耐腐蚀介质,包括汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等。
对比例2:
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料与实施例1的区别仅在于B组分中不加入表面改性微米非晶火成岩,其余成分及含量与实施例1相同。
采用本对比例制得的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备耐磨防滑涂层,其余操作步骤与实施例1相同。
测试本对比例的耐磨防滑涂层的质量指标,结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失为4.8毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失为10.3毫克;(2)摩擦系数为0.56(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度为15.3MPa;(4)断裂伸长率为360%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa 30min不透水;(6)耐腐蚀介质,包括汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等。
对比例3:
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料与实施例1的区别仅在于A组分中不加入表面改性纳米非晶火成岩,且B组分中不加入表面改性微米非晶火成岩,其余成分及含量与实施例1相同。
采用本对比例制得的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备耐磨防滑涂层,其余操作步骤与实施例1相同。
测试本对比例的耐磨防滑涂层的质量指标,结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失为13.1毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失为26毫克;(2)摩擦系数为0.36(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度为13MPa;(4)断裂伸长率为360%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa30min不透水;(6)耐腐蚀介质,包括汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等。
对比例4:
一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,该非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料与实施例1的区别仅在于A组分中加入未进行表面改性的纳米非晶火成岩,且B组分中加入未进行表面改性的微米非晶火成岩,其余成分及含量与实施例1相同。
采用本对比例制得的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备耐磨防滑涂层,其余操作步骤与实施例1相同。
测试本对比例的耐磨防滑涂层的质量指标,结果如下:(1)耐磨强度,1千克1000转CS-17轮质量损失为14.8毫克,1千克1000转H-22轮质量损失为22.6毫克;(2)摩擦系数为0.94(GB/T4100-2006);(3)拉伸强度为8.2MPa;(4)断裂伸长率为54%;(5)耐水性为0.3MPa18min不透水;(6)采用汽油、20%盐酸、20%硫酸等测试其耐腐蚀性,样品表面均被腐蚀,不符合要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料包括A组分和B组分,所述A组分中包括以下重量份的成分:
2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯250-300份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯160-220份、聚醚多元醇380-450份、表面改性纳米非晶火成岩50-200份、分散剂10-100份、光稳定剂10-20份;
所述B组分中包括以下重量份的成分:
端氨基聚醚600-750份、二乙基甲苯二胺180-250份、N,N-二甲基乙二胺80-150份、扩链剂40-80份、催化剂1-8份、表面改性微米非晶火成岩10-120份、触变剂10-20份、消泡剂3-8份、防老剂2-6份;
所述A组分和B组分的质量比为(0.8-1.2):(1.2-0.8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述表面改性纳米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
以重量份计,取50-200份纳米非晶火成岩,采用5-50份火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在30-50℃温度下活化反应10-60min,然后添加4-30份硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至30-60℃反应10-100min,得到表面改性纳米非晶火成岩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述纳米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为85纳米,最大粒径小于150纳米,D90为70-100纳米。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述表面改性微米非晶火成岩的制备方法包括以下步骤:
以重量份计,取50-200份微米非晶火成岩,采用5-50份火成岩活化剂喷雾搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭在30-50℃温度下活化反应10-60min,然后添加4-30份硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,加盖密闭升温至30-50℃反应60min,得到表面改性微米非晶火成岩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述微米非晶火成岩的平均粒径为200微米,最大粒径小于250微米,D90为120-250微米。
6.根据权利要求2、3、4或5所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料,其特征在于,所述火成岩活化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:以重量份计,将1-10份氟化钠和1-10份浓硫酸加入1000份水中,搅拌溶解后得到所述火成岩活化剂。
7.一种耐磨防滑涂层,其特征在于,所述耐磨防滑涂层采用权利要求1-6中任一项所述的非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料制备得到。
8.一种如权利要求7所述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:底材基层处理、非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料喷涂、后处理、密封胶施工、面漆施工。
9.根据权利要求8所述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非晶火成岩增强聚脲涂料喷涂在60-70℃的温度下进行,喷涂动压力为14-20MPa,静压力为17-21MPa。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的耐磨防滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述底材基层处理是指先针对不同的底材进行底材表面处理,然后待底材完全干燥后,用堵缝料进行表面找平,待堵缝料固化后将需堵缝部位用角磨机磨平,清除掉表面的污物,刷涂或辊涂一道配套底漆;
所述表面处理具体为:针对木材底材,首先清除表面的灰尘,修补基层,结疤处打漆片,刮腻子,砂光机砂光,水砂纸打磨退光;
针对金属底材,首先将底材喷砂处理至Sa2.5级,对于焊缝缺陷部位,用环氧腻子找平,使整个底材能够平滑过渡,待环氧腻子固化后用角磨机磨平,然后清洁底材,辊涂或刷涂两道配套底漆;
针对混凝土底材,对混凝土预制件进行抛丸处理,或者用角磨机、高压水枪清除表面的灰尘、浮渣。
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