CN111317060A - Puffed guar meal and preparation process and application thereof - Google Patents
Puffed guar meal and preparation process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses puffed guar meal and a preparation process and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of feed processing, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 20-25% and the temperature to reach 80-90 ℃; s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine or a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain puffed guar meal with the water content of 9% -13%. The preparation process adopts a wet puffing technology, has the advantages of good curing effect, perfect maintenance of beneficial nutrition and good anti-nutritional factor passivation effect, improves the nutrient absorption rate of the guar meal, has the characteristics of low cost, less pollution, low energy consumption, high production efficiency, high yield and the like, and can be widely applied to the feed of animals such as livestock, poultry and fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to puffed guar meal and a preparation process and application thereof.
Background
Protein feed is one of the important raw materials necessary for the development of animal husbandry. At present, the high-quality vegetable protein source feed in China is lack, soybean meal prepared by taking soybeans as main raw materials is mainly adopted, but the price of the soybean meal is seriously controlled by foreign countries and is over high, so that a lot of adverse effects are generated on the feed industry and the livestock and poultry breeding industry. At present, in addition to countries such as India, Pakistan, Iran and the like, guar meal is used as protein feed, and China also actively introduces guar.
Guar meal (guar meal) is a byproduct of guar gum extracted by guar beans (guar) at 60-70 ℃, the nutrient content of the guar meal is very rich, as shown in the following table 1, the crude protein and amino acid level of the guar meal are basically equivalent to those of soybean meal, and the guar meal also contains 5-7% of fat, so that the guar meal is the best energy source for livestock, poultry and the like.
TABLE 1 guar meal composition table after guar extraction at 60-70 deg.C
In the extraction process of guar gum, the highest temperature is kept at 65-70 ℃, so that the guar bean meal as a byproduct is not cured enough, anti-nutritional factors cannot be passivated and eliminated, oil molecules in cell walls cannot be released, the flavor of the raw lima beans is heavy, and a small amount of guar gum residues (1% -2%) exist. The guar meal directly added into the compound feed can affect the palatability of the compound feed, reduce the feed absorption rate and affect the growth performance of livestock, poultry and fish.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides wet-process puffed guar meal and a preparation process and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the palatability of compound feed, the reduction of feed absorption rate and the influence on the growth performance of livestock, poultry and fish are influenced when the guar meal which is a byproduct obtained after guar gum is extracted is directly added into the compound feed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the invention, a process for the preparation of expanded guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 20-25% and the temperature to reach 80-90 ℃;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine or a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4mm-6 mm; when a double-screw bulking machine is adopted for bulking, the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 95-110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 360-400 rpm; when a single-screw bulking machine is adopted for bulking, the temperature of the chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 135-150 ℃, and the rotating speed is 450-500 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain puffed guar meal with the water content of 9% -13%.
Further, in step S1, the conditioning time is 40S to 90S. Further, in step S1, the temperature reaches 82-85 ℃; the hardening and tempering time is 43s-45 s.
Further, in step S1, the moisture content of the guar meal is 21% to 23%.
Further, in step S2, when the double-screw bulking machine is used for bulking, the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 100-105 ℃.
Further, in step S2, when the double-screw bulking machine is used for bulking, the rotating speed of the double-screw bulking machine is 380rpm to 390 rpm.
Further, in step S2, when the single-screw bulking machine is used for bulking, the temperature of the bore of the single-screw bulking machine is 136-140 ℃.
Further, in step S2, when the single-screw bulking machine is used for bulking, the rotation speed of the single-screw bulking machine is 460rpm to 480 rpm.
Further, in step S3, the moisture content of the puffed guar meal is 10% to 11%.
According to a second aspect of the invention, the puffed guar meal is prepared by the preparation process.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the use of the above mentioned puffed guar meal as feed for animal feeding.
The invention has the following advantages:
the preparation process of the puffed guar meal adopts a wet puffing technology, has the characteristics of good curing effect, perfect maintenance of beneficial nutritional ingredients, good anti-nutritional factor passivation effect, elimination of the smell of raw lima beans of the guar meal, effective release of oil components in cell walls, reduction of the negative effects of residual guar gum, improvement of the nutritional absorption rate of the guar meal, low cost, less pollution, low energy consumption, high production efficiency, high yield and the like, and can be widely applied to feeds of animals such as livestock, poultry and fish.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 20% and the temperature to reach 80 ℃; the tempering time is 40 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw extruder is 95 ℃, and the rotating speed is 360 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain puffed guar meal with the water content of 9%.
Example 2
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 21% and the temperature to reach 82 ℃; the tempering time is 43 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 100 ℃, and the rotating speed is 380 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 10%.
Example 3
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to ensure that the moisture of the guar meal reaches 24% and the temperature reaches 88 ℃; the tempering time is 60 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 5 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 105 ℃, and the rotating speed is 390 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 11%.
Example 4
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 23% and the temperature to reach 85 ℃; the tempering time is 45 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 6 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 400 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 13%.
Example 5
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 20% and the temperature to reach 80 ℃; the tempering time is 40 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 135 ℃, and the rotating speed is 450 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain puffed guar meal with the water content of 9%.
Example 6
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning the moisture and the temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 25% and the temperature to reach 90 ℃; the tempering time is 90 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 6 mm; the temperature of the chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 150 ℃, and the rotating speed is 480 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 10%.
Example 7
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 23% and the temperature to reach 85 ℃; the tempering time is 45 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 5 mm; the temperature of the machine chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 140 ℃, and the rotating speed is 460 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 12%.
Example 8
A preparation process of puffed guar meal comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 22% and the temperature to reach 86 ℃; the tempering time is 70 s;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4 mm; the temperature of the chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 136 ℃, and the rotating speed is 500 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain the puffed guar meal with the water content of 13%.
The expanded guar meal obtained in example 1 was subjected to the content measurement, and the results are shown in table 2, and examples 2 to 8 had the same content as example 1.
Table 2 ingredient content of puffed guar meal obtained in example 1
| Serial number | Item | Content (wt.) | Unit of |
| 1 | Crude protein | 36.42-50.24 | ％ |
| 2 | Crude fat | 6.05-6.65 | ％ |
| 3 | Coarse fiber | 5.04-10.68 | ％ |
| 4 | Ash content | 5.64-6.21 | ％ |
| 5 | Moisture content | 9.43-11.23 | ％ |
| 6 | Solubility of protein | 77.68-80.59 | ％ |
| 7 | Aspartic acid | 3.55-4.92 | ％ |
| 8 | Threonine | 1.26-1.42 | ％ |
| 9 | Serine | 1.71-1.99 | ％ |
| 10 | Glutamic acid | 7.52-10.50 | ％ |
| 11 | Glycine | 1.91-2.07 | ％ |
| 12 | Alanine | 1.51-1.85 | ％ |
| 13 | Valine | 1.37-1.51 | ％ |
| 14 | Isoleucine | 1.13-1.47 | ％ |
| 15 | Leucine | 2.28-2.85 | ％ |
| 16 | Tyrosine | 1.39-1.57 | ％ |
| 17 | Phenylalanine | 1.50-1.74 | ％ |
| 18 | Lysine | 1.75-1.98 | ％ |
| 19 | Histidine | 0.96-1.36 | ％ |
| 20 | Arginine | 3.98-7.03 | ％ |
| 21 | Proline | 1.37-1.86 | ％ |
| 22 | Cystine | 0.56-0.78 | ％ |
| 23 | Methionine | 0.39-0.52 | ％ |
| 24 | Total amount of 17 amino acids | 34.12-45.42 | ％ |
The results in table 2 show that the expanded guar meal prepared by the preparation process of the expanded guar meal of the invention is reduced by 4-6% compared with the crude protein of the unexpanded guar meal, the water content is increased by 4-6%, the protein solubility (KOH) is reduced by 5-7%, the aging effect is achieved, the original nutritional value is basically maintained, the preparation process can be widely applied to feeds for animals such as livestock, poultry and fish, and the breeding cost can be reduced by 1-3% by adding a proper amount of expanded guar meal to replace the soybean meal in the compound feed.
In addition, the appearance of the guar meal treated by the preparation process is mainly characterized in that: the powder is changed into round granules with the diameter of 4mm-6mm, the color is changed from grey white to No. 2.5 color (international standard color card contrast), and the gas has light bean fragrance.
The expanded guar meal prepared by the preparation process of the embodiment 1 is applied to the feeding process of broiler chickens as compound feed to illustrate the efficacy of the expanded guar meal, and the comprehensive investigation is mainly carried out on the influence of the expanded guar meal on the daily weight gain and the ratio of money to meat (compound feed which needs more or less money per 1kg weight gain of broiler chickens) of the broiler chickens and the production indexes of the broiler chickens such as the morbidity, the death and elimination rate, the excrement condition and the like during the experiment.
1. General data
Selecting 400 healthy white feather broilers with the age of 20 days and the weight similar to that of the white feather broilers, randomly dividing the white feather broilers into four groups, wherein one group is a control group, the three groups are experimental groups, each group comprises 100 chickens, and each group is designed to be three times. Wherein, the control group is fed by a compound feed 511, the compound feed 511 contains 0% of puffed guar meal and 21% of soybean meal, the bird metabolizable energy is 2.8992mc/kg, and the crude protein is 19.0448%; one experiment group adopts compound feed 511A for feeding, wherein the compound feed 511A contains 5% of puffed guar meal and 16% of soybean meal, the bird metabolic energy is 2.9015mc/kg, and the crude protein is 19.0666%; the experiment group adopts compound feed 511B for feeding, wherein the compound feed 511B contains 10% of puffed guar meal and 11% of soybean meal, the bird metabolic energy is 2.9019mc/kg, and the crude protein is 19.0796%; the three experimental groups are fed by adopting compound feed 511C, wherein the compound feed 511C contains 21% of puffed guar meal and 0% of soybean meal, the bird metabolic energy is 2.9004mc/kg, and the crude protein is 19.0193%. The experiment followed the same feed dose (300 kg/group) as the experimental and control groups. The compound feeds 511, 511A, 511B, and 511C are provided by seikagana zeuginensis biotechnology, wherein the content of the compound feed 511A is specifically shown in table 3 below.
Table 3 formula table of formula feed 511A
The formula of the compound feed 511, 511B and 511C is different from that of the soybean meal and the guar meal, and the formula cost of the compound feed 511, 511B and 511C is respectively 2.625 yuan/kg, 2.575 yuan/kg and 2.514 yuan/kg.
2. Results of the experiment
Experimental results analysis that the first, second, third and comparative groups of compound feed have no obvious difference in the bird metabolic energy and the crude protein, and the influence of compound feed with different amounts of the puffed guar meal on the daily weight gain of white feather broilers in the experimental period of 3 weeks is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of compound feed with different addition amounts of puffed guar meal on daily weight gain of white feather broilers
As can be seen from table 4, 5% and 10% of puffed guar meal are used to replace soybean meal in the compound feed, the daily gain of the broilers does not change significantly in the first week, and when 21% of puffed guar meal is added to the compound feed to completely replace the soybean meal, the daily gain of the broilers has no significant advantage; after the second week, the daily gain of the compound feed added with 5% and 10% of the puffed guar meal is improved compared with the compound feed without the puffed guar meal, and the daily gain of the compound feed added with 21% of the puffed guar meal is improved; after the third week, the daily gain of the compound feed added with 5% and 10% of the puffed guar meal is obviously improved compared with that of the compound feed without the puffed guar meal, and the daily gain advantages of the compound feed added with 21% of the puffed guar meal and the compound feed without the puffed guar meal are not significant.
From the results in table 4, it can be seen that adding 5% and 10% of puffed guar meal to the white feather broiler compound feed instead of soybean meal significantly improves the daily gain of white feather broilers, and adding puffed guar meal to the white feather broiler compound feed within 10% has a promoting effect on the daily gain; the 21% puffed guar meal is added into the white feather broiler compound feed, and the advantages of the daily gain of the white feather broiler and the advantages of the whole soybean meal compound feed are not obvious.
In three-week comparative experiments, 300kg of compound feed was used in the same amount in the first, second, third and comparative groups, and four groups of qian meat were shown in table 5 below, wherein the end-of-term weight gain was 3 weeks to 0 weeks, the total feed price was 300kg and the price of different types of compound feed, and the qian meat ratio was total feed price/end-of-term weight gain.
TABLE 5 comparison of end-of-life weight gain, total feed price and ratio of money to meat of broilers obtained with different compound feeds
The experimental data in table 5 show that the growth promotion effect of white feather broilers is obvious by adding 10% of puffed guar meal into the compound feed, economic value can be reflected better, and the addition of 21% of puffed guar meal into the compound feed has no obvious difference with soybean meal.
In addition, feeding experiment results show that compared with the compound feed without the expanded guar meal, after the expanded guar meal is added into the compound feed, due to the addition of dietary fibers, white feather broiler manure is drier and can be completely molded, the hair color is brighter, the mental state is better, the morbidity and the mortality are reduced, and the pollution-free treatment of the manure is more convenient.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the puffed guar meal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing impurities and screening the guar meal according to production requirements, and then putting the guar meal into a conditioner for conditioning moisture and temperature to enable the moisture of the guar meal to reach 20-25% and the temperature to reach 80-90 ℃;
s2, placing the guar meal after conditioning into a double-screw bulking machine or a single-screw bulking machine for bulking; the diameter of the expanded die hole is 4mm-6 mm; when a double-screw bulking machine is adopted for bulking, the temperature of the machine chamber of the double-screw bulking machine is 95-110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 360-400 rpm; when a single-screw bulking machine is adopted for bulking, the temperature of the chamber of the single-screw bulking machine is 135-150 ℃, and the rotating speed is 450-500 rpm;
s3, drying the guar meal puffed in the step S2 to obtain puffed guar meal with the water content of 9% -13%.
2. The process for preparing puffed guar meal according to claim 1, wherein the conditioning time is 40S to 90S in step S1.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the moisture content of the guar meal is 21-23%.
4. The process for preparing puffed guar meal according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when puffing is performed by a twin-screw puffing machine, the temperature of the bore of the twin-screw puffing machine is 100 ℃ to 105 ℃.
5. The process for preparing puffed guar meal according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when a twin-screw puffing machine is used for puffing, the rotation speed of the twin-screw puffing machine is 380rpm to 390 rpm.
6. The process for preparing puffed guar meal according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when a single-screw puffing machine is used for puffing, the temperature of the bore of the single-screw puffing machine is 136 ℃ to 140 ℃.
7. The process for preparing puffed guar meal according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when a single screw puffing machine is used for puffing, the rotation speed of the single screw puffing machine is 460rpm to 480 rpm.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the expanded guar meal in step S3 is 10% -11%.
9. Expanded guar meal, characterized in that it is prepared by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of expanded guar meal according to claim 9, characterized in that it is applied to animal feed as a feed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102334601A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-02-01 | 上海源耀生物科技有限公司 | Guar meal fermented protein feed additive, preparation method and feed containing guar meal fermented protein feed additive |
| CN103859146A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 何元华 | Puffing production process of palm kernel meal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102334601A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-02-01 | 上海源耀生物科技有限公司 | Guar meal fermented protein feed additive, preparation method and feed containing guar meal fermented protein feed additive |
| CN103859146A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 何元华 | Puffing production process of palm kernel meal |
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| 武建堂等: "挤压膨化对脱脂花生粕组织化度的影响" * |
| 赵城彬等: "挤压温度对膨化豆粕品质及蛋白质结构的影响" * |
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