CN111300919A - 一种吸声内饰及其应用 - Google Patents

一种吸声内饰及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111300919A
CN111300919A CN202010146610.8A CN202010146610A CN111300919A CN 111300919 A CN111300919 A CN 111300919A CN 202010146610 A CN202010146610 A CN 202010146610A CN 111300919 A CN111300919 A CN 111300919A
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sound
layer
sound absorption
fiber
interior trim
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张丛见
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Wuxi Jixing Auto Acoustic Parts Technology Co Ltd
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Wuxi Jixing Auto Acoustic Parts Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B60R13/0815—Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments
    • B60R13/083—Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments for fire walls or floors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0246—Acrylic resin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0287—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners integrating other functions or accessories

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸声内饰，其包括至少一个声功能区域，声功能区域包括吸声层和至少一层多孔纤维层，吸声层和多孔纤维层中至少一个含有细纤维，细纤维的直径为0.1～9μm。上述吸声内饰采用包含细纤维的材料层，能够大幅度提升传统如毛毡类地毯的吸声性能，并且兼具优异隔声性能，有效控制吸声和隔声平衡。本发明还公开了吸声内饰于吸声部件、隔声部件以及用作轨道交通或汽车的装饰部件或声功能部件的应用。

Description

一种吸声内饰及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆吸声技术领域，尤其涉及一种吸声内饰及其应用。
背景技术
车辆行驶时，风噪、路噪、胎噪等车外噪声都会从汽车底板传递到车内，对乘客形成噪声污染。地毯，作为车内一种覆盖面积最大的内饰产品，吸声和隔声性能都非常重要。车外噪声首先要经过地毯的隔声，隔绝掉大部分噪声；之后传递到车内的噪声仍有不少，这时需要发挥地毯强力的吸声性能，将声波能量耗散掉，从而提升车内语音清晰度。
车辆内通常使用“质量-弹簧”隔离系统可以获得很好的隔声性能，但是其吸声性能非常差。为了更好地消除传递到车内的噪声，业内纷纷研制多孔材料，期待用多孔材料取代EVA、EPDM等隔离层，改善地毯的吸声性能，提升语音清晰度。
CN104321478A公开一种汽车针刺地毯，内含中空纤维，中空纤维含量大于45％，且中空纤维截面为圆形、三叶形或者矩形，可优化地毯整体的耐磨损性能。不过经测得，该地毯表面层本身不具有显著的吸声性能，它仅能稍微增强可能的吸声性能，这与中空纤维可用来生产吸声层的观念不同，原因可能是生产吸声层与生产针刺地毯的工艺参数不同。不过，该表面层本身虽然不具有显著吸声，但可结合质量层及离耦层形成噪声隔声器；也可结合气流阻抗层，如泡沫层或者毛毡层形成吸声器。
CN204726283U公开了一种汽车隔音性增强地毯，包括面料层、隔音层和吸音层，隔音层设置在面料层与吸音层之间，吸音层设置在最下层。汽车底部的噪声首先到达吸音层，优于吸音层的空隙结构，声波深入空隙中受到摩擦和粘滞阻力，使声波的能量降低；部分噪声通过吸音层后受到隔音层的阻隔，大部分声波被隔音层反射回吸音层进一步消耗，通过隔音层与吸音层相互配合的结构设计，达到较好的隔音效果。
现有的内饰件一般可以具有良好的隔声性能，但是吸声能力不足，两者之间存在相互制约的问题，导致中高频隔声好的同时，中高频吸声较差，影响零件整体的声学性能。随着乘客对车辆中的声学环境要求越来越高，进一步提升内饰产品的声学品质改善车内语音清晰度显得越来越重要。
发明内容
基于以上所述，本发明的目的在于提供一种吸声内饰，相比现有的材质具有更好的隔声性能，还具备更加出色的吸声性能，从而应用于车辆中，提升车内声学品质。
为达上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种吸声内饰，其包括至少一个声功能区域，声功能区域包括吸声层和至少一层多孔纤维层，吸声层和多孔纤维层中至少一个含有细纤维，细纤维的直径为0.1～9μm。
其中，细纤维至少包含聚酰胺、腈纶纤维、涤纶纤维、丙纶中的一种。
其中，吸声层与多孔纤维层之间通过胶粘层相连。
其中，胶粘层的材质至少包括PP、EVA、PE中的一种。
其中，吸声层为簇绒毯面或非纺织毯面。
其中，吸声层的成分至少包含涤纶、丙纶、尼龙、腈纶中的一种。
其中，多孔纤维层至少包含聚酰胺纤维、腈纶、涤纶、棉纤维、丙纶中的一种。
此外，如上述的吸声内饰应用于吸声部件、隔声部件以及用作轨道交通或汽车的装饰部件或声功能部件。
具体地，如上述的吸声内饰作为吸声器、隔声器、地毯、前围、地板下隔音垫或车厢体隔音层的应用。
综上，本发明的有益效果为，与现有技术相比，所述吸声内饰采用包含细纤维的材料层，能够大幅度提升传统如毛毡类地毯的吸声性能，并且兼具优异隔声性能，有效控制吸声和隔声平衡。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的吸声内饰的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例5提供的吸声内饰的结构示意图；
图3是各实施例和对比例得到的样品在不同频率下的吸声曲线，图中横坐标为频率(Hz)，纵坐标为吸声系数Abs(-)；
图4是各实施例和对比例得到的样品在不同频率下的插入损失曲线，图中横坐标为频率(Hz)，纵坐标为插入损失IL(dB)。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
为更好地说明本发明，便于理解本发明的技术方案，本发明的典型但非限制性的实施例如下：
实施例1：
本实施例提供了一种吸声内饰，如图1所示，其包括至少一个声功能区域，声功能区域包括吸声层1和至少一层多孔纤维层2，吸声层1和多孔纤维层2中至少一个含有细纤维，细纤维的直径为0.1～9μm。
其中，细纤维至少包含聚酰胺、腈纶纤维、涤纶纤维、丙纶中的一种。上述种类的纤维延伸性较高，纤维间不易粘连在一起，且对于声波均具有较优的耗散效果，而腈纶纤维或者涤纶，性价比更高，当含有至少两种的细纤维，吸声效果更佳。
该吸声层1的材质为簇绒地毯或非纺织地毯，成分至少包含涤纶、丙纶、尼龙、腈纶中的一种，且选择吸声层1的厚度为3～10mm，面积重量不超过2000g/m2，可以是100g/m2、300g/m2、500g/m2、800g/m2、1000g/m2、1200g/m2、1400g/m2、1600g/m2、1800g/m2、2000g/m2以及上述数值之间的具体点值，此处不再穷尽列举，而超过2000g/m2时，缺乏竞争力，不推荐。
该多孔纤维层2可以是包含聚酰胺纤维、腈纶、涤纶、棉纤维、丙纶中的一种或多种，选择多孔纤维层2的厚度为3～40mm，面积重量范围选择500～3000g/m2。
另外，吸声层1与多孔纤维层2之间优选通过胶粘层3相连。胶粘层3可以根据客户对吸隔声的不同要求，进行灵活调节胶粘层3的面积重量，这样可以使其流阻很大，让样件整体隔声性能出色，使含有细纤维的装饰层单独发挥高吸声功能，又能使其流阻很小，和多空纤维层协同发挥最大吸声功能，还能够与含有细纤维的多孔纤维层2耦合，发挥最大隔声功能，同时减弱低频共振，进而达到整个系统吸隔声更好。
该胶粘层3的材质优选包括PP、EVA、PE中的一种或多种，面积重量范围选择为25～400g/m2，而大于400g/m2时，会使其变成不透气的隔离层，导致声功能部件的的流阻变大，低频共振加剧，不推荐。
在上述技术参数的基础上，该吸声内饰可应用于吸声部件、隔声部件以及用作轨道交通或汽车的装饰部件或声功能部件。具体比如吸声器、隔声器、地毯、前围、地板下隔音垫或车厢体隔音层等。
实施例2：
本实施例在实施例1的基础上，该吸声内饰包括一个声功能区域，该声功能区域包括吸声层1和一层多孔纤维层2，且选择吸声层1为簇绒地毯，面积重量为500g/m2，其中含有细纤维，细纤维直径为1μm，成分为腈纶，在吸声层1中的质量百分比为10％；选择多孔纤维层2的厚度为10mm，控制面积重量为1000g/m2。
本实施例中所得吸声内饰标为样品a，经检测，样品a其总厚度为15.1mm，总面积重量为1520g/m2。
实施例3：
本实施例与实施例2不同的是，选择吸声层1中不含细纤维，而所用多孔纤维层2中含有细纤维，细纤维直径为1μm，成分为腈纶，在多孔纤维层2中的质量百分比为10％。
本实施例中所得吸声内饰标为样品b，经检测，样品b其总厚度为15.5mm，总面积重量为1550g/m2。
实施例4：
本实施例在实施例2的基础上，所用多孔纤维层2同吸声层1一样含有细纤维，细纤维直径为1μm，成分为腈纶，在多孔纤维层2中的质量百分比为10％。
本实施例所得吸声内饰标为样品c，经检测，样品c其总厚度为14.7mm，总面积重量为1535g/m2。
实施例5：
本实施例与实施例2不同的是，如图2所示，多孔纤维层2下方还有一层多孔纤维层2＇，多孔纤维层2＇的厚度为20mm，面积重量为1200g/m2。
本实施例中所得吸声内饰标为样品d，经检测，样品d其总厚度为34.5mm，总面积重量为2750g/m2。
实施例6：
本实施例在实施例5的基础上，多孔纤维层2＇中也含有细纤维，细纤维直径为1μm，成分为腈纶，在多孔纤维层2中的质量百分比为10％。
本实施例中所得吸声内饰标为样品e，经检测，样品e其总厚度为33.8mm，总面积重量为2730g/m2。
对比例1：
与实施例2相比，除了吸声层1中不含直径1μm的细纤维外，其它部件以及参数与实施例2完全相同。
本对比例中所得吸声内饰标为样品f，经检测，样品f其总厚度为14.8mm，总面积重量为1505g/m2。
对比例2：
与实施例2相比，除了吸声层1中不含直径1μm的细纤维外，吸声层1的面积重量从500g/m2增至1000g/m2，其它部件和参数与实施例2完全相同。
本对比例中所得吸声内饰标为样品h，经检测，样品h其总厚度为15.0mm，总面积重量为1534g/m2。
对以上实施例和对比例的样品进行性能测试，按照标准GMW14177-2014和GMW14618-2015测试样品a、c、f、h在不同频段下的吸声系数和插入损失。如图3和图4所示，为各样品在400～10000Hz范围内吸声性能和隔声性能的表现曲线图。
数据表明，采用细纤维的吸声内饰具有优异的吸声性能和隔声性能。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (9)

1.一种吸声内饰，其特征在于，包括至少一个声功能区域，所述声功能区域包括吸声层和至少一层多孔纤维层，所述吸声层和所述多孔纤维层中至少一个含有细纤维，所述细纤维的直径为0.1～9μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述细纤维至少包含聚酰胺、腈纶纤维、涤纶纤维、丙纶中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述吸声层与所述多孔纤维层之间通过胶粘层相连。
4.根据权利要求3所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述胶粘层的材质至少包括PP、EVA、PE中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述吸声层为簇绒毯面或非纺织毯面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述吸声层的成分至少包含涤纶、丙纶、尼龙、腈纶中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸声内饰，其特征在于：所述多孔纤维层至少包含聚酰胺纤维、腈纶、涤纶、棉纤维、丙纶中的一种。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的吸声内饰应用于吸声部件、隔声部件以及用作轨道交通或汽车的装饰部件或声功能部件。
9.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的吸声内饰作为吸声器、隔声器、地毯、前围、地板下隔音垫或车厢体隔音层的应用。
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CN107215046A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-29 华南理工大学 一种三维卷曲皮芯复合纤维和纳米纤维复合隔音材料及其制备方法
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CN205839313U (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-12-28 华南理工大学 一种梯度杂化复合隔音毡
CN107215046A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-29 华南理工大学 一种三维卷曲皮芯复合纤维和纳米纤维复合隔音材料及其制备方法
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