CN111296414A - Flower preservative and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flower preservative and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296414A CN111296414A CN202010215072.3A CN202010215072A CN111296414A CN 111296414 A CN111296414 A CN 111296414A CN 202010215072 A CN202010215072 A CN 202010215072A CN 111296414 A CN111296414 A CN 111296414A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
- A01N3/02—Keeping cut flowers fresh chemically
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flower preservative which comprises the following raw materials: water, ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea and tannic acid; the invention also provides a preparation method of the flower preservative. The flower preservative provided by the invention is reasonably mixed according to the nutrient consumption condition of flowers in the storage process, can effectively prolong the storage life of the flowers and improve the water balance value in the flowers, thereby delaying senescence and prolonging the service life of the flowers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower reagent preparation, and particularly relates to a flower preservative and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fresh cut flowers are reported to be added with value of 20-40% by fresh-keeping treatment in the storage and transportation process, a great deal of work has been done in this respect since the 50 s of the 20 th century abroad, the research in China is started late, the research on the storage, transportation and fresh-keeping of the flowers is less, the transportation loss is large, the quality is low, the economic benefit is greatly influenced, and the capability of the cut flowers in China to participate in international competition is reduced.
During the aging process of the petals, physiological indexes such as water metabolism in vivo, sugar content, cell membrane permeability and the like are correspondingly changed. The main physiological and biochemical changes include enhanced respiration, improved hydrolase activity, increased protein decomposition, increased ethylene synthesis, etc. The reasons affecting the life of cut flowers are mainly imbalance of water, generation of a large amount of ethylene, lack of nutrition and the like.
Ethylene is an important regulating factor for the senescence of cut flowers, can enhance the respiration of the harvested products, promotes the enhancement of the enzymatic activities of peroxidase, lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase and the like and the membrane permeability, loses the cell regionalization, and finally leads to the withering of the flowers.
Sugar, as an energy source substance, plays a primary role in the life of cut flowers. It is estimated that the life of cut flowers is influenced by pre-harvest physiology and by post-harvest conditions. After the cut flowers are picked, the dry matter content is also closely related to the vase life.
Imbalance in water metabolism caused by various factors is an important cause of senescence and wilting of cut flowers. The cutting flower vase life is not determined by the absolute value of the water absorption capacity, but by the balance relation between water absorption and water loss. The moisture balance of the cut flower is a very complicated process, the water absorption of the cut flower is carried out from the side of the cut and the flower stem, the moisture loss is mainly carried out through the air holes of the leaves and the body surface of the petals, and the moisture loss is directly related to the opening degree of the air holes, the size and the number of the petals and the like.
The aging of cut flowers is a very complicated degradation reaction process, which is particularly characterized by the reduction of protein content, wherein the reduction of membrane protein content is particularly obvious. During the whole aging process, the amino acid content increases at an early stage and then tends to decrease. Proteolysis increases the methionine content, which is a precursor for ethylene synthesis.
In addition, microorganisms may block the catheter during the insertion process, causing water deficit in the upper tissue, and ultimately neck bending.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flower preservative and the preparation method thereof, and the preservative remarkably delays the senescence of flowers and improves the ornamental value of the flowers.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials: water, ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea and tannic acid.
Further, the preservative for the flowers comprises the following raw materials: water, ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid, onion extract, bamboo extract.
Furthermore, the preservative for the flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of water 200-one, 40-60 portions of ethanol, 1-10 portions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1-5 portions of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1-0.5 portion of salicylic acid, 10-20 portions of urea, 0.4-0.8 portion of tannic acid, 0.01-0.1 portion of onion extract and 0.02-0.08 portion of bamboo extract.
The preparation method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh onions, removing the outer skins, cutting the peeled onions into shreds, then placing the cut onions into an oven for drying, then placing the dried onions into a universal pulverizer for pulverizing, mixing the pulverized onions with water to obtain a mixed solution, then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 8-10 by using sodium hydroxide, placing the mixed solution into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for stirring, stirring for 4-6h, centrifuging, reserving the supernatant, filtering the supernatant by using a hollow cellulose membrane, concentrating the filtrate by using a rotary evaporator, and then placing the concentrated filtrate into the oven for drying to obtain the onion extract.
Preferably, the centrifugation speed is 5000-.
The specific preparation method of the bamboo extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh green bamboos, removing branches and leaves on the bamboos, cutting the bamboos into bamboo chips by using a slicer, cleaning the bamboo chips by using water, drying and crushing the bamboo chips in a crusher, putting the obtained bamboo powder in an ethanol water solution, refluxing, condensing and stirring for 2-4h, filtering by using a 50-200-mesh screen, centrifuging the filtrate in a centrifuge at the speed of 4000 plus 5000r/min for 5-15min after filtering, adding functionalized kaolin into the centrifuged supernatant, uniformly stirring, performing reduced pressure suction filtration after uniform stirring, putting the suction filtration liquid obtained by suction filtration in a rotary evaporator for concentration, and then putting the concentrated suction filtration liquid in an oven for drying to obtain a bamboo extract.
Preferably, the volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution is 40-60%, the dosage of the ethanol aqueous solution is 1-2 times of the weight of the bamboo powder, and the mass-volume ratio of the functionalized kaolin to the supernatant is 1: (10-20) (g/mL).
Preferably, the pressure of the reduced pressure suction filtration is 0.2MPa-0.5 MPa.
Preferably, the specific preparation method of the functionalized kaolin comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 15-20g of kaolin and 10-20g of sodium hydroxide in 400-600mL of water, placing the mixture in a sealed reaction bottle, adding 30-40g of aluminum isopropoxide, stirring the mixture at 20-30 ℃ for 20-40min, dropwise adding 80-120g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide into the reaction bottle, simultaneously heating the mixture to 40-60 ℃, stirring the mixture for 4-6h, cooling the mixture to 20-30 ℃ after stirring, placing the mixture in a centrifuge, centrifuging the mixture at the rate of 10000-14000r/min for 1-3h, washing the centrifuged precipitate for 4-6 times with water, and then placing the precipitate in an oven for drying to obtain the functionalized kaolin.
The preparation method of the preservative for flowers comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the preservative for flowers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages and effects:
the flower preservative provided by the invention is reasonably mixed according to the nutrient consumption condition of flowers in the storage process, can effectively prolong the storage life of the flowers and improve the water balance value in the flowers, thereby delaying senescence and prolonging the service life of the flowers.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of raw materials and equipment in the examples:
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, available from billion Pont environmental technologies Inc., Nykuho, Nyoho, with product model number IL 8.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, available from Lossen chemical Co., Ltd, Linyi, model number PVP K30.
Onion (with the scientific name Allium cepa L.) is a perennial herb of the genus Allium of the family liliaceae. Purchased in the farm trade market in Pudong New district.
Bamboo, named Bambusoideae by Latin, is a tall tree-like grass plant, and in the examples, green bamboo is selected.
Microtomes, model 420, available from Henan Lanteng mechanical Equipment, Inc.
The pulverizer is available from Hangzhou constant force plastics machinery Co., Ltd, and has model number HG 2650Q.
A rotary evaporator, available from Shanghai Yike instruments Inc., model RE-2000E.
A hollow cellulose membrane was purchased from Chongqing Hua membrane Water treatment facilities, Inc. and was of type HM 200-1.
Centrifuge, model TGL-16C, available from Instrument Equipment Inc., of the dawn, Nanjing.
Kaolin, purchased from Shihenda mineral products, Inc., in Shijiazhuang, was 4000 mesh in specification.
The oven is purchased from Yishida instruments and equipment Limited of Shenzhen, and has the model number of EDIDA.
Example 1
An antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of water, 50 parts of ethanol, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.3 part of salicylic acid, 15 parts of urea, 0.6 part of tannic acid, 0.05 part of onion extract and 0.04 part of bamboo extract.
The preparation method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh onions, removing the outer skin, shredding the peeled onions, placing in an oven at 50 ℃ for 5h, then placing the dried onions in a universal pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain onion powder, adding 3 times of water by weight of the onion powder into the onion powder, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 9 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% in the stirring process, then raising the temperature of the mixed solution to 50 ℃, continuing stirring at 200r/min for 5h, centrifuging the mixed solution by using a centrifuge after the stirring is finished, wherein the centrifugation speed is 6000r/min, the centrifugation time is 10min, reserving the supernatant after the centrifugation is finished, filtering the supernatant by using a hollow cellulose membrane with the relative molecular mass of 5000Da, the pressure during the filtering is 0.3MPa, concentrating the filtrate by using a rotary evaporator after the filtration is finished, adjusting the density of filtrate to 1.04kg/L, wherein the vacuum degree during concentration is 0.097MPa, the concentration temperature is 50 deg.C, and drying in oven at 60 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
The specific preparation method of the bamboo extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh green bamboos, removing branches and leaves on the bamboos, cutting the bamboos into bamboo chips with the thickness of 2cm, the width of 3cm and the length of 4cm by using a slicer, cleaning the bamboo chips by using a large amount of water, then placing the bamboo chips into an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 30min, drying the bamboo chips, then placing the bamboo chips into a crusher for crushing to obtain bamboo powder, placing the bamboo powder into an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 50% for refluxing, condensing and stirring for 3h, wherein the stirring speed in the condensing and refluxing process is 300r/min, the temperature is 150 ℃, filtering a mixed solution by using a 100-mesh screen after the condensing and refluxing are completed, placing the filtered solution into a centrifugal machine for centrifuging for 10min at the speed of 4000r/min to obtain a supernatant, then adding functional kaolin into the supernatant, stirring for 10min at the speed of 200r/min, and performing reduced-pressure suction filtration after the stirring is completed, wherein the pressure in the reduced-pressure, and then placing the suction filtration liquid obtained by suction filtration in a rotary evaporator for concentration, wherein the concentration vacuum degree is 0.098MPa, the temperature is 40 ℃, and then placing in an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 3 hours to obtain the bamboo extract.
The using amount of the ethanol water solution is 2 times of the weight of the bamboo powder, and the mass volume ratio of the functionalized kaolin to the supernatant is 1: 15 (g/mL).
The specific preparation method of the functionalized kaolin comprises the following steps: adding 17g of kaolin and 15g of sodium hydroxide into 500mL of water, stirring at the speed of 300r/min for 10min, then placing the mixture into a sealed reaction bottle, adding 350g of aluminum isopropoxide, stirring at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 30min, dropwise adding 100g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide into the reaction bottle at the speed of 0.5g/s, heating to 50 ℃ after dropwise adding, stirring for 5h, cooling to 25 ℃ after stirring, simultaneously placing the mixture into a centrifuge, centrifuging at the speed of 12000r/min for 2h, washing the centrifuged precipitate for 5 times by using deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 200% of the weight of the centrifuged precipitate, and then placing the mixture into an oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 10h to obtain the functionalized kaolin.
A preparation method of a flower preservative comprises the following steps: adding ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid, onion extract and bamboo extract into water, and stirring at 300r/min for 10min to obtain the flower preservative.
Example 2
An antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of water, 50 parts of ethanol, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.3 part of salicylic acid, 15 parts of urea, 0.6 part of tannic acid and 0.05 part of onion extract.
The preparation method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh onions, removing the outer skin, shredding the peeled onions, placing in an oven at 50 ℃ for 5h, then placing the dried onions in a universal pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain onion powder, adding 3 times of water by weight of the onion powder into the onion powder, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 9 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% in the stirring process, then raising the temperature of the mixed solution to 50 ℃, continuing stirring at 200r/min for 5h, centrifuging the mixed solution by using a centrifuge after the stirring is finished, wherein the centrifugation speed is 6000r/min, the centrifugation time is 10min, reserving the supernatant after the centrifugation is finished, filtering the supernatant by using a hollow cellulose membrane with the relative molecular mass of 5000Da, the pressure during the filtering is 0.3MPa, concentrating the filtrate by using a rotary evaporator after the filtration is finished, adjusting the density of filtrate to 1.04kg/L, wherein the vacuum degree during concentration is 0.097MPa, the concentration temperature is 50 deg.C, and drying in oven at 60 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
A preparation method of a flower preservative comprises the following steps: respectively adding ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid and onion extract into water, and stirring at 300r/min for 10min to obtain the flower preservative.
Example 3
An antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of water, 50 parts of ethanol, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.3 part of salicylic acid, 15 parts of urea, 0.6 part of tannic acid, 0.05 part of onion extract and 0.04 part of bamboo extract.
The preparation method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh onions, removing the outer skin, shredding the peeled onions, placing in an oven at 50 ℃ for 5h, then placing the dried onions in a universal pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain onion powder, adding 3 times of water by weight of the onion powder into the onion powder, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 9 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% in the stirring process, then raising the temperature of the mixed solution to 50 ℃, continuing stirring at 200r/min for 5h, centrifuging the mixed solution by using a centrifuge after the stirring is finished, wherein the centrifugation speed is 6000r/min, the centrifugation time is 10min, reserving the supernatant after the centrifugation is finished, filtering the supernatant by using a hollow cellulose membrane with the relative molecular mass of 5000Da, the pressure during the filtering is 0.3MPa, concentrating the filtrate by using a rotary evaporator after the filtration is finished, adjusting the density of filtrate to 1.04kg/L, wherein the vacuum degree during concentration is 0.097MPa, the concentration temperature is 50 deg.C, and drying in oven at 60 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
The specific preparation method of the bamboo extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh green bamboos, removing branches and leaves on the bamboos, cutting the bamboos into bamboo chips with the thickness of 2cm, the width of 3cm and the length of 4cm by using a slicer, cleaning the bamboo chips by using a large amount of water, then placing the bamboo chips into an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 30min, drying the bamboo chips, then placing the bamboo chips into a crusher for crushing to obtain bamboo powder, placing the bamboo powder into an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 50%, refluxing, condensing and stirring for 3h, wherein the stirring speed in the condensing and refluxing process is 300r/min, the temperature is 150 ℃, filtering a mixed solution by using a 100-mesh screen after the condensing and refluxing are completed, placing the filtered solution into a centrifugal machine, centrifuging for 10min at the speed of 4000r/min to obtain a supernatant, then adding kaolin into the supernatant, stirring for 10min at the speed of 200r/min, and performing reduced-pressure suction filtration after the stirring is completed, wherein the pressure in the reduced-pressure, and then placing the suction filtration liquid obtained by suction filtration in a rotary evaporator for concentration, wherein the concentration vacuum degree is 0.098MPa, the temperature is 40 ℃, and then placing in an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 3 hours to obtain the bamboo extract.
The using amount of the ethanol water solution is 2 times of the weight of the bamboo powder, and the mass volume ratio of the functionalized kaolin to the supernatant is 1: 15 (g/mL).
A preparation method of a flower preservative comprises the following steps: adding ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid, onion extract and bamboo extract into water, and stirring at 300r/min for 10min to obtain the flower preservative.
Example 4
An antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of water, 50 parts of ethanol, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.3 part of salicylic acid, 15 parts of urea, 0.6 part of tannic acid and 0.04 part of bamboo extract.
The specific preparation method of the bamboo extract comprises the following steps: selecting fresh green bamboos, removing branches and leaves on the bamboos, cutting the bamboos into bamboo chips with the thickness of 2cm, the width of 3cm and the length of 4cm by using a slicer, cleaning the bamboo chips by using a large amount of water, then placing the bamboo chips into an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 30min, drying the bamboo chips, then placing the bamboo chips into a crusher for crushing to obtain bamboo powder, placing the bamboo powder into an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 50% for refluxing, condensing and stirring for 3h, wherein the stirring speed in the condensing and refluxing process is 300r/min, the temperature is 150 ℃, filtering a mixed solution by using a 100-mesh screen after the condensing and refluxing are completed, placing the filtered solution into a centrifugal machine for centrifuging for 10min at the speed of 4000r/min to obtain a supernatant, then adding functional kaolin into the supernatant, stirring for 10min at the speed of 200r/min, and performing reduced-pressure suction filtration after the stirring is completed, wherein the pressure in the reduced-pressure, and then placing the suction filtration liquid obtained by suction filtration in a rotary evaporator for concentration, wherein the concentration vacuum degree is 0.098MPa, the temperature is 40 ℃, and then placing in an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃ for drying for 3 hours to obtain the bamboo extract.
The using amount of the ethanol water solution is 2 times of the weight of the bamboo powder, and the mass volume ratio of the functionalized kaolin to the supernatant is 1: 15 (g/mL).
The specific preparation method of the functionalized kaolin comprises the following steps: adding 17g of kaolin and 15g of sodium hydroxide into 500mL of water, stirring at the speed of 300r/min for 10min, then placing the mixture into a sealed reaction bottle, adding 350g of aluminum isopropoxide, stirring at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 30min, dropwise adding 100g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide into the reaction bottle at the speed of 0.5g/s, heating to 50 ℃ after dropwise adding, stirring for 5h, cooling to 25 ℃ after stirring, simultaneously placing the mixture into a centrifuge, centrifuging at the speed of 12000r/min for 2h, washing the centrifuged precipitate for 5 times by using deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 200% of the weight of the centrifuged precipitate, and then placing the mixture into an oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 10h to obtain the functionalized kaolin.
A preparation method of a flower preservative comprises the following steps: respectively adding ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid and bamboo extract into water, and stirring at 300r/min for 10min to obtain the flower preservative.
Example 5
An antistaling agent for flowers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of water, 50 parts of ethanol, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.3 part of salicylic acid, 15 parts of urea and 0.6 part of tannic acid.
A preparation method of a flower preservative comprises the following steps: respectively adding ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea and tannic acid into water, and stirring at the speed of 300r/min for 10min to obtain the flower preservative.
Test example 1
Mixing the preservative with water in a ratio of 1: 20, selecting lily, rose and tulip, cutting and separating in vitro, inserting into the bottle insert liquid containing 1000 mL/bottle respectively, and measuring the life of the three flowers.
And (3) measuring the life of the cut flowers: the days from the day of bottle insertion to the day of petal wilting and 90 degree neck bending were observed.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 longevity of the flowers (heaven) of the four flowers
| Serial number | Lily bulb | Rose | Tulip |
| Example 1 | 23.5 | 21 | 19.6 |
| Example 2 | 19.5 | 17 | 14.5 |
| Example 3 | 20.4 | 18.5 | 15 |
| Example 4 | 18 | 16.5 | 13 |
| Example 5 | 15 | 13 | 12.5 |
Test example 2
Mixing the preservative with water in a ratio of 1: 20, selecting lily, rose and tulip, cutting and separating in vitro, respectively inserting into the bottle insert containing 1000 mL/bottle, and measuring the water balance value of the three flowers.
And (3) measuring a moisture balance value: the weight of the fresh flower branches is measured every 2 days, the weight of the fresh flower branches is weighed as W1, the weight of the solution is weighed as W2, the weight of the solution is weighed as W1-W2, the difference between two times of continuous weighing of W1 is the water loss (transpiration) in the period of two times of weighing, the weight difference between two times of continuous measuring of the fresh flower branches is the water absorption capacity, and the difference between the water absorption capacity and the water loss capacity is the water balance value, wherein the water balance value of the fresh flowers just beginning to be inserted into the bottle insert liquid is 0.
The results of the test over 10 days are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 moisture balance values (g) of four flowers
Test example 3
The preservatives in examples 1-5 were tested for corrosion and bacterial inhibition. Mixing the preservative with water in a ratio of 1: the volume ratio of 20 was set as a vial insert, which was used as a test sample solution.
1. Inoculation of test bacteria and preparation of a bacterial suspension
Inoculating escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa under an alcohol lamp, and respectively inoculating the escherichia coli, the staphylococcus aureus and the pseudomonas aeruginosa into three test tubes for later use; then putting the beef extract into a constant-temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for culturing for 24h, taking out escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively after one day, and activating the three strains on a culture medium on a beef extract peptone inclined plane under an alcohol lamp (under an aseptic condition) for 3 times in total; 3mL of sterile water is added into an activated slant test tube by using a micropipette gun, after sufficient oscillation, the mixture is transferred into 50mL of nutrient broth culture medium, the nutrient broth culture medium is placed in a constant temperature incubator with a shaking table function at 37 ℃ for 24 hours (the rotating speed is 200r/min), the concentration is adjusted to be about 107-108cfu/mL, and the mixture is prepared into bacterial suspension which is placed at 4 ℃ for standby.
2. Determination of bacteriostatic Activity
Adopting an oxford cup method: sucking 0.2mL of liquid bacterial suspension by a 200-microliter pipette under the aseptic condition of the surrounding environment, adding the liquid bacterial suspension into a flat plate containing nutrient agar, uniformly coating the liquid bacterial suspension by a coater, then placing an Oxford cup (purchased from Shanghai Shenyuan scientific instruments Co., Ltd., inner diameter of 6mm, outer diameter of 7.8mm and height of 10mm) into the uniformly coated flat plate, respectively adding 100 microliter of sample liquid into the Oxford cup by the pipette, smoothly placing the solid culture medium added into the Oxford cup into a constant-temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for culturing for about 24 hours, observing the result and measuring the diameter (mm) of a bacteriostatic ring. Each set of experiments was repeated 3 times.
The test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 bacteriostatic test results table
Claims (10)
1. The flower preservative is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: water, ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea and tannic acid.
2. A flower preservative according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials: water, ethanol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, salicylic acid, urea, tannic acid, onion extract, bamboo extract.
3. A flower preservative according to claim 2, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 portions of water 200-one, 40-60 portions of ethanol, 1-10 portions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1-5 portions of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1-0.5 portion of salicylic acid, 10-20 portions of urea, 0.4-0.8 portion of tannic acid, 0.01-0.1 portion of onion extract and 0.02-0.08 portion of bamboo extract.
4. A flower preservative according to claim 2, wherein the onion extract is prepared by a method comprising: selecting fresh onions, removing the outer skins, cutting the peeled onions into shreds, then placing the cut onions into an oven for drying, then placing the dried onions into a universal pulverizer for pulverizing, mixing the pulverized onions with water to obtain a mixed solution, then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 8-10 by using sodium hydroxide, placing the mixed solution into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for stirring, stirring for 4-6h, centrifuging, reserving the supernatant, filtering the supernatant by using a hollow cellulose membrane, concentrating the filtrate by using a rotary evaporator, and then placing the concentrated filtrate into the oven for drying to obtain the onion extract.
5. The preservative for flowers as claimed in claim 4, wherein the centrifugation rate is 8000-.
6. A flower preservative according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo extract is prepared by a specific method comprising: selecting fresh green bamboos, removing branches and leaves on the bamboos, cutting the bamboos into bamboo chips by using a slicer, cleaning the bamboo chips by using water, drying and crushing the bamboo chips in a crusher, putting the obtained bamboo powder in an ethanol water solution, refluxing, condensing and stirring for 2-4h, filtering by using a 50-200-mesh screen, centrifuging the filtrate in a centrifuge at the speed of 4000 plus 5000r/min for 5-15min after filtering, adding functionalized kaolin into the centrifuged supernatant, uniformly stirring, performing reduced pressure suction filtration after uniform stirring, putting the suction filtration liquid obtained by suction filtration in a rotary evaporator for concentration, and then putting the concentrated suction filtration liquid in an oven for drying to obtain a bamboo extract.
7. A flower preservative according to claim 6, wherein the volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution is 40-60%, the amount of the ethanol aqueous solution is 1-2 times of the weight of the bamboo powder, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the functionalized kaolin to the supernatant is 1: (10-20) (g/mL).
8. A flower preservative according to claim 6, wherein the pressure of the reduced pressure suction filtration is 0.2MPa to 0.5 MPa.
9. The flower preservative according to claim 6, wherein the functionalized kaolin is prepared by the following specific steps: uniformly mixing 15-20g of kaolin and 10-20g of sodium hydroxide in 400-600mL of water, placing the mixture in a sealed reaction bottle, adding 30-40g of aluminum isopropoxide, stirring for 20-40min at 20-30 ℃, dropwise adding 80-120g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide into the reaction bottle, simultaneously heating to 40-60 ℃, stirring for 4-6h, cooling to 20-30 ℃ after stirring, placing the mixture in a centrifuge, centrifuging for 30-50min at the rate of 10000-14000r/min, washing the centrifuged precipitate for 4-6 times with water, and then placing the precipitate in an oven for drying to obtain the functionalized kaolin.
10. A method for preparing an antistaling agent for flowers according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that the antistaling agent for flowers is obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials.
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| CN202010215072.3A Pending CN111296414A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Flower preservative and preparation method thereof |
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