CN111287823A - 用于在暖机阶段期间运行带有内燃机的发动机系统的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于在暖机阶段期间运行带有内燃机的发动机系统的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN111287823A
CN111287823A CN201911242958.0A CN201911242958A CN111287823A CN 111287823 A CN111287823 A CN 111287823A CN 201911242958 A CN201911242958 A CN 201911242958A CN 111287823 A CN111287823 A CN 111287823A
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exhaust gas
aftertreatment device
internal combustion
gas sensor
engine system
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C.蒂尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F02D41/1456Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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    • F02D41/1473Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
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    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
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    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
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    • F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行带有内燃机(2)和废气后处理装置(3)的发动机系统(1)的方法,其中,在发动机系统(1)的暖机阶段期间,借助两点式调节根据布置在废气后处理装置(3)的下游的废气传感器(6)的传感器信号调节该发动机系统(1)。

Description

用于在暖机阶段期间运行带有内燃机的发动机系统的方法和 设备
技术领域
本发明涉及带有废气后处理装置的内燃机,其在暖机阶段期间被加热到运行温度。本发明还涉及用于运行内燃机的方法,只要在暖机阶段期间没有布置在废气后处理装置的上游的废气传感器的废气传感器信号可供使用。
背景技术
内燃机通常配设有废气后处理装置,例如三元催化器,以便这样来处理从内燃机排出的燃烧废气,从而减小空气有害物质如NOx、碳氢化合物或一氧化碳的份额。为此,这种废气后处理装置有能力吸收来自流过的气流的氧气并且将这种氧气用于氧化燃烧废气的有害物质组成部分。
一旦废气后处理装置达到其运行温度,那么为了获得催化能力,借助充气调节将氧气负载的水平调节到饱和值的约50%,因而无论是过浓的(富含碳氢化合物)还是过稀薄的(富含氧气)的燃烧气体均不会过快地导致废气后处理装置的完全的排空或完全的饱和。
为了对废气后处理装置的氧气负载进行λ调节,通常设置一个或多个废气传感器,所述废气传感器可以检测和说明流过的燃烧废气的氧气含量或碳氢化合物含量。尤其通常在废气后处理装置之前安装一个上游的废气传感器并且在废气后处理装置的下游安装一个下游的废气传感器。上游的废气传感器仅仅在特定的运行温度下才确保可靠的功能时,而下游的废气传感器经常被构造成跳跃式探测器,其仅能说明燃烧废气在废气后处理装置的输出侧关于在碳氢化合物和氧气之间的化学计量平衡是浓的还是稀薄的。
通常为了废气后处理装置的暖机运行这样来调节输送给内燃机的空气-燃料混合物,使得未燃烧的燃料进入废气后处理装置内,以便加热这种未燃烧的燃料。但一旦废气后处理装置达到了准备运行状态,则必须通过发动机系统的运行确保氧气负载在预定的运行范围内活动。但因为上游的废气传感器尚未准备好调节,所以这个废气传感器不能用于调节废气后处理装置的氧气负载。
发明内容
按照本发明,规定了一种按照权利要求1所述的用于运行带有内燃机和废气后处理装置的发动机系统的方法以及按照并列权利要求所述的一种装置和一种发动机系统。
在从属权利要求中说明了其它的设计方案。
按照第一个方面,规定了一种用于运行带有内燃机和废气后处理装置的发动机系统的方法,其中,在发动机系统的暖机阶段期间,根据布置在废气后处理装置的下游的废气传感器的传感器信号借助双点调节来调节所述发动机系统。
上述方法的想法在于,在用于加热关于废气流布置在废气后处理装置的上游的上游的废气传感器或者使该上游的废气传感器达到准备运行状态的暖机阶段期间,借助构造成跳跃式探测器的下游的废气传感器通过两点式调节,即通过所谓的固有频率调节来驱控内燃机。暖机阶段指的是从发动机系统的启动直至上游的废气传感器和废气后处理装置达到准备运行状态的时间点的时间段。
为此,内燃机交替地用稀薄的和浓的空气-燃料混合物运行。当空气-燃料混合物关于在燃料和氧气之间的化学计量平衡具有空气过剩时,该空气-燃料混合物是稀薄的。当空气-燃料混合物关于在燃料和氧气之间的化学计量平衡具有燃料过剩时,该空气-燃料混合物是浓的。
可以规定,在通过下游的废气传感器识别到在燃烧废气中的氧气过剩时,用浓的空气-燃料混合物运行内燃机。
此外,可以在通过下游的废气传感器识别到在燃烧废气中的碳氢化合物过剩时,用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物运行内燃机。
两点式调节规定,当下游的废气传感器识别到了过于稀薄的燃烧废气,这就是说,识别到了燃烧废气中的氧气过剩时,用浓的空气-燃料混合物,这就是说,用关于化学计量平衡具有燃料过剩的空气-燃料混合物来运行内燃机,并且当下游的废气传感器识别到了过浓的燃烧废气时,这就是说,识别到了燃烧废气中的氧气过剩时,用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物,这就是说,用关于化学计量平衡具有氧气过剩的空气-燃料混合物,来运行内燃机。
这使得,直到上游的废气传感器和废气后处理装置达到准备运行状态,废气后处理装置直接在其准备运行状态后在一个运行范围内运行,在该运行范围内,氧气负载没有达到饱和并且在该运行范围内,空气有害物质的份额通过氧气从废气后处理装置的卸载而减少。由此能在发动机系统的暖机阶段(启动阶段)期间直接在达到准备运行状态之后,这样来运行废气后处理装置,使得完成充分的废气净化。特别是也在废气后处理装置达到准备运行状态的时间点和上游的废气传感器达到准备运行状态的时间点之间的时间段中,确保了用于减少有害物质排放的废气后处理装置的充分运行。
此外,两点式调节可以是主动的,只要布置在废气后处理装置的上游的废气传感器还未达到其运行能力。一旦上游的废气传感器告知了准备运行状态,这就是说,上游的废气传感器已达到运行温度和/或在废气传感器的测量区域内不存在湿气,那么就借助上游的废气传感器的传感器信号继续充气调节或λ调节。
按照一种实施方式,可以在达到废气后处理装置的运行能力后在暖机阶段期间用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物运行内燃机。
按照另一个方面,规定了一种用于运行带有内燃机和废气后处理装置的发动机系统的设备,其中,所述设备构造用于,在发动机系统的暖机阶段期间借助两点式调节根据布置在废气后处理装置的下游的废气传感器的传感器信号调节该发动机系统。
按照另一个方面,规定了一种带有内燃机、废气后处理装置、布置在该废气后处理装置的上游的废气传感器和上述设备的发动机系统。
下游的废气传感器可以构造成跳跃式探测器和/或上游的废气传感器可以构造成稳定的λ探测器(宽带λ探测器)。
附图说明
接下来借助于附图详细阐释实施方式。其中:
图1示出了带有内燃机和废气后处理装置的发动机系统的示意图;并且
图2示出了用于阐明用来运行图1的发动机系统的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了带有内燃机2的发动机系统1的示意图。在内燃机2运行时产生了燃烧废气,该燃烧废气通过废气排出系统7输送给废气后处理装置3并且在那里加以后处理,以便减少有害物质排放。
废气后处理装置3通常是带有氧存储能力的催化器。这使得能够储存在燃烧废气中的过剩氧气并且通过排出氧气来燃烧过剩碳氢化合物和氮氧化物,以便将其转化成无害的废气组分。为了保证废气后处理装置3按规定运行,这个废气后处理装置必须已达到运行温度。一旦废气后处理装置3能够运行,那么这个废气后处理装置就吸收来自燃烧废气的氧气并且通过排出氧气氧化/燃烧在燃耗废气中的氮氧化物、一氧化碳和碳氢化合物。
为了获得运行能力,在发动机控制器4中执行的充气调节和λ调节致力于,使废气后处理装置3的氧气负载处在一个范围内,该范围提供了足够的潜力来吸收和排出氧气。尤为值得期望的是,废气后处理装置的氧气负载是对应于废气后处理装置的氧气负载的饱和的氧气量的约50%。
为了确保废气后处理装置3的平均的氧气负载,发动机系统具有废气传感器5和6。上游的废气传感器5在废气排出系统7中布置在废气后处理装置3的上游并且下游的废气传感器6在废气排出系统中布置在废气后处理装置3的下游。上游的废气传感器5通常构造成敏感的废气传感器5(宽带λ探测器),该废气传感器连续地说明在燃烧废气中的氧浓度或碳氢化合物浓度时,而经常使用所谓的跳跃式探测器作为下游的废气传感器6,该跳跃式探测器仅能探测在燃烧废气中关于化学计量平衡的氧气过剩或碳氢化合物过剩,这就是说,它的特性曲线在λ=1的空气系数的范围内(化学计量平衡)极陡并且随着与λ=1的偏差渐增而逐渐变平。
跳跃式探测器通常立即准备好运行,而上游的废气传感器5为了其运行能力则需要一个运行温度。也必须保证,废气传感器5没有湿气。通常在时间上在达到废气后处理装置3的准备运行状态后,上游的废气传感器5才达到准备运行状态。由上游的废气传感器5通过准备信号来告知上游的废气传感器5达到了准备运行状态。
为了在上游的废气传感器5的暖机阶段期间能调节废气后处理装置3的氧气负载,使用接下来结合图2说明的方法。
在步骤S1中检验,用于运行发动机系统1的方法是否处在暖机阶段(冷启动阶段)中。暖机阶段这样长时间地是主动的,直至所有的部件均已达到了运行能力所需的运行状态。这尤其涉及废气后处理装置3,其为了按规定运行而必须已达到运行温度。此外,这还涉及上游的废气传感器5,该上游的废气传感器同样必须已达到运行温度并且在该上游的废气传感器中必须蒸发积聚的湿气。上游的废气传感器5借助相应的准备信号告知这一点。若确认了不是发动机系统1的所有部件都已达到准备运行状态(选项:是),那么用步骤S2继续所述方法,否则的话跳回到步骤S1。
在步骤S2中用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物运行内燃机2并且同时将点火角延后调整。为此,有待喷射的燃料量被减小到在内燃机2的正常运行中所需的程度之下,特别是为了将空气-燃料混合物输送用于燃烧,在所述空气-燃料混合物中存在关于化学计量平衡的氧气过剩。这导致了废气温度提高,废气后处理装置3由此被加热到所述运行温度。空气-燃料混合物的变稀薄在围绕关于λ=1所需的燃料量的2%-10%、优选5%-8%的数量级内进行。
同时也加热上游的废气传感器5,因而达到了所述运行温度并且蒸发积聚的湿气。废气后处理装置3通常明显在上游的废气传感器5之前达到准备运行状态。
在步骤S3中检验,下游的废气传感器6是否识别到了有氧气过剩的燃烧废气。如果是这种情况(选项:是),那么用步骤S4继续所述方法,否则的话(选项:否)跳回到步骤S2。可选地可以规定,一旦达到了废气后处理装置3的准备运行状态,就撤销点火角的延后调节。
结合步骤S3基于下游的废气传感器6的传感器信号实施λ调节。因为下游的废气传感器6构造成跳跃式探测器,所以所述调节对应于两点式调节或固有频率调节。为此,在借助于下游的废气传感器6识别到稀薄的空气-燃料混合物后,用浓的空气-燃料混合物(燃料过剩)来调节内燃机。这一点通过提高有待喷射的燃料量来进行。空气-燃料混合物的变浓在围绕关于λ=1所需的燃料量的2%-10%、优选5%-8%的数量级内进行。
在步骤S5中检验,是否由于用浓的空气-燃料混合物驱控内燃机2而通过下游的废气传感器6检测到相应的变化(浓度识别)。设计成跳跃式探测器的下游的废气传感器6通过传感器信号的相应变化告知这一点。如果是这种情况(选项:是)(浓度识别),那么用步骤S6继续所述方法,否则的话(选项:否)跳回到步骤S4。
在步骤S6中检验,上游的废气传感器5已经告知了准备运行状态。如果是这种情况(选项:是),那么用步骤S8继续所述方法,否则的话(选项:否)通过跳回到步骤S4继续步骤S4至S6的固有频率调节。
在步骤S7中,将充气调节或λ调节转换到正常运行,在所述正常运行中,上游的废气传感器6的传感器信号(λ值)用于调节在内燃机2中的燃烧。
若在固有频率调节期间废气后处理装置3达到其准备运行状态,那么固有频率调节的频率增加。当废气后处理装置3已达到其运行温度时,就达到了准备运行状态。

Claims (9)

1.用于运行带有内燃机(2)和废气后处理装置(3)的发动机系统(1)的方法,其中,在发动机系统(1)的暖机阶段期间,借助两点式调节根据布置在废气后处理装置(3)的下游的废气传感器(6)的传感器信号调节该发动机系统(1)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述两点式调节是主动的,至少只要在暖机阶段期间布置在所述废气后处理装置(3)的上游的废气传感器(5)还没有达到其运行能力。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,在暖机阶段期间达到所述废气后处理装置(3)的运行能力之后,用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物运行所述内燃机(2)。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,在通过下游的废气传感器(6)识别到燃烧废气中的氧气过剩之后,用浓的空气-燃料混合物运行所述内燃机(2)。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中,在通过所述下游的废气传感器(6)识别到燃烧废气中的碳氢化合物过剩之后,用稀薄的空气-燃料混合物运行所述内燃机(2)。
6.用于运行带有内燃机(2)和废气后处理装置(3)的发动机系统(1)的设备,其中,该设备构造用于,在发动机系统(1)的暖机阶段期间,借助两点式调节根据布置在废气后处理装置(3)的下游的废气传感器(6)的传感器信号来调节该发动机系统(1)。
7.发动机系统(1),带有内燃机(2)、废气后处理装置(3)和按照权利要求6所述的设备。
8.按照权利要求7所述的发动机系统(1),其中,在所述废气后处理装置(3)的上游设有上游的废气传感器(6)和/或在所述废气后处理装置(3)的下游设有下游的废气传感器(6)。
9.按照权利要求8所述的发动机系统(1),其中,所述下游的废气传感器(6)构造成跳跃式探测器和/或所述上游的废气传感器(5)构造成稳定的λ探测器。
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